内科胸腔镜对老年人原因不明胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 研究内科胸腔镜在老年人原因不明胸腔积液诊断方面的价值,评估其安全性.方法 筛选通过胸水检查及其他临床情况综合判断,不能明确病因的渗出性胸腔积液且年龄≥65岁的患者,对其行内科胸腔镜检查.结果 49例患者中男性33例,女性16例,年龄65～82岁,平均70.5岁.单侧胸腔积液41例(83.7%),双侧胸腔积液8例(16.3%).病理确诊结核性胸膜炎14例(28.6%),恶性肿瘤8例(16.3%),未明确诊断者包括病理报告非特异性炎症12例(24.5%)、间皮细胞及组织细胞增生4例(8.2%)、另外11例(22.4%)包括镜下脏壁层胸膜正常未取活检及未成功手术者.结合临床资料,在这27例中8例(16.3%)明确为感染性,19例(38.8%)原因不明.胸腔镜检查对临床原因不明胸腔积液诊断率为61.2%.本组胸腔镜检查术后出现发热8例(16.3%),大面积皮下气肿7例(14.3%),1例(2.0%)包裹性胸腔积液在人造气胸过程中出现严重胸膜反应.上述并发症经治疗后均痊愈.结论 内科胸腔镜检查对老年人原因不明胸腔积液明确诊断有较大的临床价值.并发症发生率较既往未按年龄分组的研究所报道的数据略高.     

内科胸腔镜对老年人原因不明胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 研究内科胸腔镜在老年人原因不明胸腔积液诊断方面的价值,评估其安全性.方法 筛选通过胸水检查及其他临床情况综合判断,不能明确病因的渗出性胸腔积液且年龄≥65岁的患者,对其行内科胸腔镜检查.结果 49例患者中男性33例,女性16例,年龄65～82岁,平均70.5岁.单侧胸腔积液41例(83.7%),双侧胸腔积液8例(16.3%).病理确诊结核性胸膜炎14例(28.6%),恶性肿瘤8例(16.3%),未明确诊断者包括病理报告非特异性炎症12例(24.5%)、间皮细胞及组织细胞增生4例(8.2%)、另外11例(22.4%)包括镜下脏壁层胸膜正常未取活检及未成功手术者.结合临床资料,在这27例中8例(16.3%)明确为感染性,19例(38.8%)原因不明.胸腔镜检查对临床原因不明胸腔积液诊断率为61.2%.本组胸腔镜检查术后出现发热8例(16.3%),大面积皮下气肿7例(14.3%),1例(2.0%)包裹性胸腔积液在人造气胸过程中出现严重胸膜反应.上述并发症经治疗后均痊愈.结论 内科胸腔镜检查对老年人原因不明胸腔积液明确诊断有较大的临床价值.并发症发生率较既往未按年龄分组的研究所报道的数据略高.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of medical thoracoscopy in diagnosis of pleural effusion of unknown aetiology in aged people.Methods The patients aged 65 years and over,with exudative pleural effusion of unknown aetiology,were enrolled in this study.And they underwent medical thoracoscopy for diagnosis.Results The 49 patients,33 males and 16 females,aged 65-82years (at average age of 70.5 yeas),were enrolled.The 83.7% (41 cases) of pleural effusion was unilateral,and 16.3% (8 cases) was bilateral.The 28.6% (14 cases) of them suffered from tuberculosis,16.3 % (8 cases) malignant tumor.The pathology results of 16 cases showed nonspecific inflammation and normal pleural tissue.The other 10 patients showed a normal pleuracy or abnormal pleuracy undergoing a failure biopsy.Considering the clinical data of the 27 cases,8 cases (16.3 %)had infectious disease,18 cases (38.8%) remained unknown.Diagnostic accuracy of medical thoracoscopy was 61.2%.Complications of these patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy were fever (n=8,16.3%) and subcutaneous emphysema (n=7,14.3%).Conclusions Medical thoracoscopy is a standard option for diagnosing pleural effusion.It could be easily managed by physicians.The complications appear more often in aged people.     

内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液诊断和治疗的临床价值

目的：探讨内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的诊断价值,以及应用内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术对恶性胸腔积液的治疗价值。方法回顾性性分析2008年1月至2014年1月在郑州市第三人民医院呼吸内科接受内科胸腔镜诊断的142例胸腔积液患者的临床资料。评价内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的诊断阳性率和分析病因。将确诊为恶性胸腔积液的患者分为胸腔镜组和对照组。胸腔镜组给予内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术,对照组胸给予胸腔引流管内灌注滑石粉而实现胸膜固定。对两组的疗效进行对比和分析。结果在142例胸腔积液患者中,有136例经内科胸腔镜检查及病理活检明确诊断,确诊率达95.8%。其中恶性胸腔积液(含恶性胸膜间皮瘤2例)85例(59.9%),结核性胸膜炎31例(21.8%),肺炎旁积液13例(9.2%),非特异性炎症7例(4.9%),原因不明胸腔积液6例(4.2%)。确诊的85例恶性胸腔积液患者中,胸腔镜组56例,1个月后复查有效率为91.1%,完全缓解率为82.1%;对照组29例,1个月后复查有效率为69.0%,完全缓解率为48.3%,两组有效率和完全缓解率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.786、10.555,P 值分别为0.009、0.001)。结论内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液具有较好的确诊率,内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术可以有效地治疗恶性胸腔积液。     

内科胸腔镜在老年人不明原因胸腔积液中的诊断价值及安全性

目的评价内科胸腔镜诊断老年人不明原因渗出性胸腔积液的诊断价值及安全性。方法选取2012年7月至2014年5月该院收治的66例胸腔积液患者,应用内科胸腔镜进行检查,术中对可疑病变部位进行直视下多点活检,明确胸腔积液的成因,比较镜下表现与病理结果的相关性,观察手术的安全性及术后并发症,进一步评价手术的安全性。结果经病理确诊61例,确诊率为92.42%,其中恶性肿瘤37例(56.06%),包括转移性腺癌27例(40.91%),鳞癌4例(6.06%),小细胞癌2例(3.03%),恶性胸膜间皮瘤4例(6.06%);结核性胸膜炎18例(27.27%),化脓性感染4例(6.06%),非特异性慢性炎症2例(3.03%);病因不明5例(7.58%)。术后并发症为发热2例(3.03%),急性肺水肿1例(1.51%),经治疗后均痊愈,其他病例均未发生严重并发症。结论内科胸腔镜检查对老年人不明原因渗出性胸腔积液诊断阳性率高、简单、安全、微创、有效、并发症发生率低,可作为临床常规诊断手段进行推广。     

可弯曲内科胸腔镜诊断胸腔积液临床应用

目的 探讨可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查术对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值.方法 选择天津市海河医院2007年5月至12月行胸腔镜检查术的20例胸腔积液患者,16例胸腔镜直视下取病变组织行病理检查,4例术前已明确诊断.结果 胸腔镜检查术确诊率93.75%(15/16).转移性腺癌8例,转移性鳞癌1例,转移性腺鳞癌1例,恶性胸腔积液来分型1例,结核病4例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤3例,化脓性炎症1例,未确诊1例.镜下表现弥漫性粟粒样结节10例(50%),多发肿块7例(35%),纤维分隔或粘连带形成9例(45%),无严重并发症.结论 可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查术对胸腔积液是一种安全、确诊率高的诊断方法.     

内科胸腔镜检查病理活检阴性胸腔积液患者的临床特点

目的探讨胸腔镜病理活检阴性胸腔积液患者的临床特点。方法对接受胸腔镜检查的141例原因不明胸腔积液患者进行回顾性分析,对胸腔镜病理活检阴性且最终未明确病因的患者进行随访。结果病理明确诊断114例(80.9%),病理未见特异性改变27例(19.1%)。胸腔镜检查病理明确恶性肿瘤47例(33.3%);诊断率94%,敏感性87.5%,假阴性率12.96%,阴性预测值92.6%。完成随访19例原因未明胸腔积液患者中恶性胸腔积液3例(15.8%)。结论对于胸腔镜胸膜活检病理阴性患者需综合诊断和密切随访。     

内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的 分析内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的价值及其安全性.方法 对我院呼吸内科及重症医学科2010年4月至2013年4月收治的92例不明原因胸腔积液患者行内科胸腔镜检查,观察胸膜病变,直视下病变处多部位活检并行病理检查.结果 92例胸腔积液患者确诊84例,诊断阳性率为91.3％,其中恶性胸腔积液48例,结核性胸腔积液29例,非特异性炎症4例,化脓性胸膜炎2例,结节病1例,病因不明8例,术后疼痛11例,发热3例,出血1例.结论 内科胸腔镜检查有助于进一步明确不明原因胸腔积液的病因,且患者耐受性好、安全、有效,值得临床推广应用.     

电子支气管镜代内科胸腔镜检查在疑难性胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的 探讨电子支气管镜代内科胸腔镜检查在疑难性胸腔积液诊断中的应用.方法 回顾性分析52例原因不明胸腔积液患者电子支气管镜代替胸腔镜检查诊断结果及并发症,观察在支气管镜下的胸膜改变,并对可疑组织行病理检查.结果 52例原因不明胸腔积液患者,通过电子支气管镜代内科胸腔镜检查明确诊断48例,未能确诊4例,确诊率为92.31％.结论 电子支气管镜代替胸腔镜检查对不明原因的胸腔积液的病因诊断是一种操作简单、诊断率高、并发症少的检查方法,其具有较高临床应用价值,值得进一步推广使用.     

内科胸腔镜手术对老年不明原因胸腔积液的诊断和治疗价值的探讨

目的探讨内科胸腔镜手术对老年不明原因胸腔积液诊断与治疗的效果。方法对78例老年不明原因胸腔积液患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 78例患者均成功实施了手术并接受了内科胸腔镜检查,病理结果确诊为恶性肿瘤45例(57.69%),非特异性炎症33例(42.31%)。术后随访3~17个月,治疗有效率为97.44%(76/78),所有患者在术后均未出现严重并发症。结论内科胸腔镜手术对老年不明原因胸腔积液的诊断和治疗安全、有效,值得临床推广应用。     

内科胸腔镜对老年患者渗出性胸腔积液的诊断价值及安全性

目的评价局麻下内科胸腔镜对老年患者不明原因渗出性胸腔积液的诊断价值及安全性。方法回顾性分析179例不明原因老年患者渗出性胸腔积液经内科胸腔镜检查的诊断结果及不良反应。结果167例患者明确诊断,诊断率93.3%。恶性胸腔积液99例(55.3%),结核性胸膜炎58例(32.4%);恶性患者年龄大、病程长,胸水多为血性,癌胚抗原水平较高;结核性患者年龄偏小、病程短,胸水多为浅黄色,腺苷脱氨酶水平较高。患者耐受性好,主要不良反应为胸痛。结论老年患者不明原因渗出性胸腔积液多为恶性肿瘤及结核所致,内科胸腔镜检查诊断率高,不良反应少。     

135例胸腔积液患者内科胸腔镜检查及临床意义

目的探讨内科胸腔镜检查对不明原因胸腔积液患者的临床意义。方法分析内科胸腔镜检查135例患者的临床资料。结果135例中,经胸腔镜胸膜活检确诊104例（77．0％）,其中病理为恶性肿瘤和结核性胸膜炎各51例（49．0％）,脓胸2例（1．9％）。135例胸腔积液患者经胸腔镜检查病因诊断阳性率85．9％。恶性肿瘤和结核性胸膜炎患者经胸腔镜胸膜活检阳性率分别为79．7％和91．1％。结论内科胸腔镜检查对不明原因胸腔积液患者有获得病理诊断、病因诊断及准确肺癌分期等临床意义。     

可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的了解可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值。方法自2005年7月至2007年3月，应用可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜对我院呼吸科病房中60例不明原因的胸腔积液患者进行胸腔镜检查，其中男36例，女24例。对所有通过胸腔积液常规、生化、微生物学及细胞学等实验室检查或通过诊断性抗结核治疗仍不能明确其积液原因的患者进行内科胸腔镜检查。结果经检查，60例不明原因的胸腔积液患者中恶性肿瘤32例（53％），结核16例（27％），阴性结果或慢性炎症5例（8％），肺炎合并胸膜炎4例（7％），粘连严重未能看到胸壁者3例（5％）。恶性肿瘤中肺腺癌最常见。术后并发症中伤口疼痛最常见，对症治疗可缓解。未出现肺水肿、感染、拔管延迟等并发症。结论可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜是一项简单、安全、有效的检查方法。在临床上，可帮助我们进一步明确胸腔积液的病因，特别是对于不明原因的胸腔积液。     

Pleural effusions: is thoracoscopy a reliable investigation? A retrospective review.

In this paper, we consider the results of thoracoscopy in a busy thoracic unit where the referring physicians place their greatest emphasis upon simple standard investigation of pleural disease. Between 1985 and 1989 620 patients with a pleural effusion of unknown aetiology were referred to our thoracic medical unit. Initial investigations included aspiration of pleural fluid for cytology and culture, and blind pleural biopsy for histological examination. Recourse to thoracoscopy was only taken in the absence of a diagnosis or non-resolution of the patients symptoms and signs. Of these 620 patients only 48 (8%) remained without a diagnosis and were referred for thoracoscopy. Histological assessment of biopsies obtained at thoracoscopy revealed malignancy in 24 patients (50%) and benign conditions in 16 patients (33%). In eight patients (17%) no conclusive diagnosis was established; in this latter group, six patients continued with their symptoms and further invasive investigations revealed malignancy. In this setting where thoracoscopy was used as a last resort, the sensitivity for thoracoscopy was 83% and the specificity was 100% with a predictive value of a negative result being 25%. In conclusion, from our experience, the majority of pleural disease may be diagnosed using simple techniques but thoracoscopy can be very helpful in the more complex cases. Moreover, inconclusive histology following thoracoscopy is an indication for further investigation if the condition does not improve.     

Medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of unexplained pleural effusion

Abstract Approximately 20% of pleural effusions remain without an established aetiology after evaluation. Thoracoscopy has a very high sensitivity for the diagnosis of both benign and malignant diseases and greatly increases the diagnostic yield for pleural effusion. We sought to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of medical thoracoscopy at this institution. The records of all patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy for the evaluation of undiagnosed pleural effusion between 1990 and 1996 were reviewed. The procedure was performed under local anaesthesia with sedation using a Stortz rigid thoracoscope. Fifty-eight patients had thoracoscopy, most having had two (range: 1–6) non-diagnostic pleural aspirations and biopsies of the pleura. Nineteen patients were found to have mesothelioma and nine metastatic malignancy. Three patients were considered likely to have tuberculous pleural disease, six had asbestos related benign pleural fibrosis and three post-cardiotomy syndrome. There was one chylous effusion of uncertain aetiology, one post-traumatic and two other benign effusions, both of which resolved without clear aetiology. On seven occasions the pleural space could not be adequately accessed, but none of these patients had prior computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound of the pleural space. There were five false negative diagnoses of malignancy, but no false positives. The diagnostic sensitivity for pleural malignancy was 85% and specificity 100%. There were no major complications, but four patients had late tumour seeding at the thoracoscopy site. Medical thoracoscopy is a safe procedure with a high diagnostic yield. Pre-operative evaluation of the pleural collection using ultrasound or CT increases the likelihood of successful access to the pleural space and may increase diagnostic yield.     

胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液诊断的价值

目的探讨内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液诊断价值。方法 138例恶性胸腔积液患者行内科胸腔镜,取病变组织病理检查。结果获得明确病理结果 130例。镜下表现分为以下4种:①结节120例;②胸膜增厚、纤维组织增生形成分隔或粘连带10例;③胸膜充血、水肿6例,④胸膜弥漫性肥厚、凹凸不平2例。确诊病例中肺癌110例,肺腺癌转移93例,恶性间皮瘤8例,转移癌10例,病理无法定性的恶性胸腔积液5例。所有病例无严重并发症。结论内科胸腔镜检查对恶性胸腔积液诊断是一种安全、有效的方法。     

Endoscopic approach to pulmonary diseases: Clinical utility of medical thoracoscopy in diagnosis of pleural diseases

Thoracoscopy is useful for diagnosis of a number of lung diseases. We report our recent experience of medical thoracoscopy performed under local anesthesia in 142 cases. Of 124 patients with pleural effusion, 46 had pleuritis carcinomatosa, 11 had pleuritis tuberculosa, and 10 had malignant mesothelioma. We evaluated the utility of thoracoscopic observation and pleural biopsy in these three diseases. Almost of patients with malignant pleural effusion initially undiagnosed by the cytology of pleural effusion were diagnosed by thoracoscopy. Especially in malignant mesothelioma, thoracoscopy allowed accurate diagnosis. No serious complication was observed. Since medical thoracoscopy under local anesthesia is a rapid, easy, safe, and well-tolerated procedure with an excellent diagnostic yield, it is recommended as a diagnostic procedure for cases with pleural effusion.