老年人主动脉瓣置换术后病死率分析

Objective To analyze the mortality in people aged 70 years and over who had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis.Methods The clinical data of 246consecutive cases aged 70 years and over,who had received AVR,were retrospectively analyzed.The 144 cases (58.5 % ) had hypertension,42 cases ( 17.1 %) had atrial fibrillation,27 cases ( 11.0 % )were obeses,and 18 cases (7.3%) had undergone previous heart surgery.Results The 29 cases (11.8%) were dead within 30 days after operation.Among them,15 cases (8.8%) were with isolated AVR and the other 14 cases (18.7%) were with an associate procedure,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of postoperative complication was 24 .4%.The commoncomplications were:48 cases (19.5%) with low cardiac output,24 cases (9.8%) with renal dysfunction,52 cases (21.1% ) with prolonged ventilatory support and 12 cases (4.9%) with sepsis.In the Poisson regression analysis,the main predictors of mortality were low cardiac output,renal failure,sepsis and associate procedure.The main predictors of morbidity were CBP time ＞ 120 min,atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusions The balance between the benefits and risks of the surgery should be well evaluated before deciding to perform AVR.     

Can we still learn from single center experience after PARTNER?

With the publication of the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves (PARTNER) trial, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has undoubtedly become the gold standard for severe aortic stenosis in patients that are not suitable candidate for surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). The PARTNER trial also showed that TAVR is non-inferior to AVR in high-risk patients. A recent publication by Ben-Dor et al evaluated the outcome of high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis who were referred to their institution for participation to the PARTNER trial. Only a minority of patients made it in the trial and the majority of patient ended being treated medically. Some patients were also treated with AVR outside the trial. The outcomes of all these patients were stratified by the treatment they received (AVR, TAVR or medical therapy with or without balloon aortic valvuloplasty). The 3 groups were different in their baseline characteristics. Ben-Dor et al found that patients treated medically had greater mortality than patients treated with TAVR or AVR. The survival of patients treated with TAVR was similar to those treated with AVR. Independent predictors of mortality were also found from their analysis. In this commentary, we discuss the finding of this study and compare it withthe current literature.     

A Seven-year Experience for The Surgical Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Objective A 7-year experience for the treatment strategy using mono- and bi-polar radiofrequency （RF） ablation procedures in a heterogeneous group of patients was reported. Methods Between July 2003 and May 2009, the data of 314 consecutive patients aged 13 -75 （48.70 ± 11.09 ）undergone the radiofrequency ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation （AF） associated with concomitant cardiac surgery were analyzed. Monopolar was used for 91 patients; Medtronic bi-polar RF ablation procedure for 92 patients and Atricure RF ablation procedure for 131 patients. All patients were combined with valve surgery. Regular follow-ups were performed at 3, 6 month after surgery. Results Hospital mortality after combined open heart and surgical RF ablation was 0 %. The success rates for sinus rhythm conversion with monopolar RF were 73.6 % immediately, 74. 7 % at 3 months, 79. 1% at 6 months ; with Medtronic bi- polar RF, the rates were 78.3 % immediately, 82. 8 % at 3 months, 84 % at 6 months ; with Atricure bi-polar RF, the rates were 82. 4 % immediately, 84. 1% at 3 months, 83.9 % at 6 months. Conclusions The use of RF ablation procedures is a safe and efficient option to cure AF during open heart surgery in a selective group of patients.     

Surgical Treatment of Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage:Report of 127 cases

Objectives We did a retrospective study to summarize the surgical experience of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (APVD) correction and discuss effective way of improving the surgical outcome. Methods From January 1985 to May 2008, 127 patients [56 men and 71 women, aged 14-55 years with an average of (26.79±10.62) years] with APVD underwent surgical treatments. Among them, 13 patients had simple partial APVD with intact atrial septum, 104 patients had partial APVD with atrial septal defect and 10 patients had total APVD. Seventy-one patients of them accompanied with other cardiac anomalies which were also corrected in their operations. Results One early operative death due to severe low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) developed postoperatively, which resulted in a mortality rate of 0.78%. Among other patients, 10 patients complicated with LCOS, 11 patients with arrhythmia, 7 patients with acute renal failure and 4 patients with poor wound healing, all discharged from hospital after treatment. Postoperative echocardiography reexamination revealed 1 case of mild residual shunt in atrial septum but without pulmonary vein stenosis. Conclusion For right atrial and ventricle enlarged patients with or without pulmonary hypertension, surgeons should be vigilance of accompanied APVD whether atrial septal defects exist or not. As long as no contraindications are found, surgical treatment should be performed once accurate diagnosis is obtained.     

Risk profile and outcomes of aortic valve replacement in octogenarians

AIM: To investigate the patient characteristics, relationship between the Logistic EuroSCORE (LES) and the observed outcomes in octogenarians who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS: Two hundred and seventy three octogenarians underwent AVR between 1996 and 2008 at Bristol Royal Inf irmary. Demographics, acute outcomes,length of hospital stay and mortality were obtained. The LES was calculated to characterize the predicted operative risk. Two groups were def ined: LES ≥ 15 (n = 80) and LES < 15 (n = 193). RESULTS: In patients with LES ≥ 15, 30 d mortality was 14% (95% CI: 7%-23%) compared with 4% (95% CI: 2%-8%) in the LES < 15 group (P < 0.007). Despite the increase in number of operations from 1996 to 2008, the average LES did not change. Only 5% of patients had prior bypass surgery. The LES identifi ed a low risk quartile of patients with a very low mortality (4%, n = 8, P < 0.007) at 30 d. The overall surgical results for octogenarians were excellent. The low risk group had an excellent outcome and the high risk group had a poor outcome after surgical AVR. CONCLUSION: It may be better treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation.     

Long-term effects of simvastatin on protection against atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the impact of simvastatin on blood lipid and the incidence of atrial fibrillation and ischemic-related events in patients with acute myocardial infarction accompanied by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods One hundred and three patients with acute myocardial infarction and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were selected as subjects,and were divided into a simvastatin group and a control group. Forty-five patients were in the simvastatin group,who took simvastatin 20mg/d orally for 18 months;fifty-eight patients were in the control group,and received conventional therapy except for statins. All patients were followed up for 18 months. The level of blood lipid,recurrence rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,incidence rate of persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation,and the ischemic-related events were investigated and compared between the two groups. Results ① The levels of blood lipids did not change significantly in the control group(P>0.05) ;concentrations of total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) decreased significantly after treatment of simvastatin(P<0.05) . ② Recurrence of atrial fibrillation was observed in five patients during 18 months follow-up in the simvastatin group(11.1%) ,whereas it occurred in 14 patients of the control group(24. 1%,P<0.05) ;the occurrence rate of persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation in the simvastatin group was 4.4%,which was lower than that of control(12.1%,P<0.05) . ③ Nine patients had ischemic-related events in the simvastatin group(20.0%) ,with three heart failures(6.6%) ,two rehospitalizations for deterioration of coronary heart diseases(4.4%) ,three cardiac deaths(6.6%) ,and one cerebral stroke(2.2%) ,which was lower evidently than in the control group(41.4%,P<0.05) . Conclusions Simvastatin can not only decrease the levels of serum TC and LDL-C but also prevent the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and ischemic-related events.     

The therapeutic effects of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation for rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent atrial fibrillation

Objective The present study was designed to evaluates the short term effect of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation (BPRF) on the combination of rheumatic valve disease and long-standing permanent atrial fibrillation(AF). Methods Thirteen cases of rheumatic valve dis-ease with permanent AF received BPRF modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system from May 2007 to May 2008. The therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results The average age of the pa-tients were 56.5 (range 44-65) years,average duration of AF were 5 (2-11) years and the average left atrial diameter was (55.1±5.9) mm. No mortalities or severe complications were seen in all the 13 patients during the study period. The average time for cross clamping of the aorta was 10 min. The AF was disappeared in all 13 patients immediately after the procedure. Successful restoration of sinus rhythm has been achieved in 12 pa-tients (92.3%) during the follow-up of 6-17 (9.2±3.2) months,while one patient had recurrence of AF. Conclusion The Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure with BPRF using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system is a safe and effective treatment for patients suffering from rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent AF. ±3.2     

The therapeutic effects of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation for rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent atrial fibrillation

Objective The present study was designed to evaluates the short term effect of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation (BPRF) on the combination of rheumatic valve disease and long-standing permanent atrial fibrillation(AF). Methods Thirteen cases of rheumatic valve dis-ease with permanent AF received BPRF modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system from May 2007 to May 2008. The therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results The average age of the pa-tients were 56.5 (range 44-65) years,average duration of AF were 5 (2-11) years and the average left atrial diameter was (55.1±5.9) mm. No mortalities or severe complications were seen in all the 13 patients during the study period. The average time for cross clamping of the aorta was 10 min. The AF was disappeared in all 13 patients immediately after the procedure. Successful restoration of sinus rhythm has been achieved in 12 pa-tients (92.3%) during the follow-up of 6-17 (9.2±3.2) months,while one patient had recurrence of AF. Conclusion The Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure with BPRF using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system is a safe and effective treatment for patients suffering from rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent AF. ±3.2     

The therapeutic effects of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation for rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent atrial fibrillation

Objective The present study was designed to evaluates the short term effect of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation (BPRF) on the combination of rheumatic valve disease and long-standing permanent atrial fibrillation(AF). Methods Thirteen cases of rheumatic valve dis-ease with permanent AF received BPRF modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system from May 2007 to May 2008. The therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results The average age of the pa-tients were 56.5 (range 44-65) years,average duration of AF were 5 (2-11) years and the average left atrial diameter was (55.1±5.9) mm. No mortalities or severe complications were seen in all the 13 patients during the study period. The average time for cross clamping of the aorta was 10 min. The AF was disappeared in all 13 patients immediately after the procedure. Successful restoration of sinus rhythm has been achieved in 12 pa-tients (92.3%) during the follow-up of 6-17 (9.2±3.2) months,while one patient had recurrence of AF. Conclusion The Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure with BPRF using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system is a safe and effective treatment for patients suffering from rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent AF. ±3.2     

The therapeutic effects of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation for rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent atrial fibrillation

Objective The present study was designed to evaluates the short term effect of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation (BPRF) on the combination of rheumatic valve disease and long-standing permanent atrial fibrillation(AF). Methods Thirteen cases of rheumatic valve dis-ease with permanent AF received BPRF modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system from May 2007 to May 2008. The therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results The average age of the pa-tients were 56.5 (range 44-65) years,average duration of AF were 5 (2-11) years and the average left atrial diameter was (55.1±5.9) mm. No mortalities or severe complications were seen in all the 13 patients during the study period. The average time for cross clamping of the aorta was 10 min. The AF was disappeared in all 13 patients immediately after the procedure. Successful restoration of sinus rhythm has been achieved in 12 pa-tients (92.3%) during the follow-up of 6-17 (9.2±3.2) months,while one patient had recurrence of AF. Conclusion The Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure with BPRF using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system is a safe and effective treatment for patients suffering from rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent AF. ±3.2     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in degenerative sutureless perceval aortic bioprosthesis

Sutureless aortic bioprostheses (SAB) are increasingly being used to provide shorter cross‐clamp time. Valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV‐A) is shown to be effective and safe in the vast majority of patients with degenerated bioprosthetics, yet its' use in SAB failure is infrequent. We present a case of balloon‐expandable VIV‐A in an 80‐year‐old woman who suffered severe symptomatic aortic regurgitation in a failed Perceval S 21‐mm valve. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a deformed valve. Our heart team favored a percutaneous VIV‐A over reoperation due to the patients' high surgical risk. An Edwards‐Sapien XT 23 mm was successfully deployed with excellent results. The patient remained asymptomatic following 6 months. As other bioprosthesis, some sutureless valves are condemned to structural valve degeneration. Because VIV‐A is being established for managing degenerative bioprosthesis in high risk patients, it is cardinal to identify its role in novel degenerative sutureless valves. SAB were introduced to the clinical market only 5–7 years ago. The absence of sutures may theoretically impose risk for valve instability when adding a transcatheter sutureless valve inside the first one. Our successful experience was very reassuring. We report its feasibility because we believe it should provide support for further investigation on VIV‐A within novel SAV. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

老年人主动脉瓣置换术后病死率分析

目的 对年龄≥70岁的主动脉瓣狭窄患者主动脉瓣置换术后的病死率进行分析.方法 回顾性分析246例年龄≥70岁、并接受主动脉瓣置换的主动脉瓣狭窄患者的临床资料.其中高血压144例(58.5%),心房颤动42例(17.1%),肥胖27例(11.0%),有心脏手术史18例(7.3%).结果 手术30 d内死亡29例,病死率为...     

主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形合并主动脉瓣病变的外科处理

目的 探讨主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形对主动脉瓣功能的影响及其外科治疗.方法 2000年1月至2013年1月,我院通过经胸超声心动图和术中病理诊断主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形13例.其中4例主动脉瓣的功能基本正常,9例合并主动脉瓣病变：重度关闭不全7例,重度关闭不全伴狭窄2例,合并二尖瓣中度关闭不全2例,三尖瓣中重度关闭不全1例.结果 13例患者中4例主动脉瓣功能正常者,继续随访中.9例合并主动脉瓣病变者,均行主动脉瓣置换术,同期行二尖瓣成形术2例、三尖瓣成形术1例.围术期无严重并发症及早期死亡,均康复出院.术后平均随访（6.34±5.17）年,心彩超提示主动脉瓣功能良好,无远期死亡.结论 主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形是一种少见的先天性畸形,超声心动图有助于早期诊断.主动脉瓣功能正常时,可以随访;当合并主动脉瓣功能障碍时,应及时行主动脉瓣置换或修复,手术后可获得良好的远期效果.     

Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common type of valvular heart disease in the elderly. Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) has been the standard practice for treating severe, symptomatic AS, but recently new treatment options have emerged. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now an established treatment option in patients at high surgical risk. In this review, we focus on recent developments and compare the two treatment methods in specific populations in terms of efficacy and safety (e.g., in patients with history of prior thoracic surgery, type of anesthesia employed, access site used or need for permanent pacing). The impact of comorbidities (pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypertension and obesity paradox), the cost-effectiveness of TAVR vs. SAVR and advances in transcatheter valve technology as well as issues that merit further investigation are further discussed. Moreover, outcomes and complications of TAVR in patients of different risk category (extremely high, high, intermediate and low risk) are analyzed. We strongly believe that during the following years, TAVR may evolve as the treatment of choice in a broader group of patients with symptomatic AS and beyond those with intermediate and high-risk features.     

Unicuspid aortic valve mimicking quadricuspid valve

Unicuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality, leading to aortic stenosis or regurgitation. We report the case of a 55-year-old man with severe aortic regurgitation caused by a unicuspid valve mimicking quadricuspid valve.     

Rates and determinants of progressive aortic valve dysfunction in aortic coarctation

Purpose

Aortic valve dysfunction is common in coarctation patients(CoA). Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) in CoA is associated with aortic valve stenosis (AS), aortic valve regurgitation (AR), and ascending aortic dilatation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of and predictors for aortic valve dysfunction in CoA.

Methods

96 CoA patients prospectively underwent echocardiography twice between 2001 and 2010. AS was defined as an aortic valve gradient ≥ 20 mm Hg, AR as none/minor, or moderate/severe. Aortic dilatation as an ascending aortic diameter ≥ 37 mm.

Results

All patients (median age 28.0 years, range 17–61 years; male 57%) were followed with a median follow-up of 7.0 years. Sixty patients (63%) had BAV. At baseline 10 patients had AS (10%, 9 BAV), 6 patients AR (6%, 3 BAV) and 11 patients aortic dilatation (11%, 11 BAV). At follow-up 15 patients had AS (15%, 13 BAV) and 12 patients AR. (13%, 8 BAV).Median AS progression was 1.1 mm Hg/5 years (range — 13–28). Determinants for AS at follow-up were age (ß = 0.20, P = 0.01), aortic dilatation (ß = 4.6, P = 0.03), and baseline aortic valve gradient (ß = 0.93, P < 0.001). BAV was predictive for AR. (ß = 0.91, P = 0.049).

Conclusion

Progression of AS in adult CoA patients is mild in this young population. Older age, aortic dilatation and the baseline aortic valve gradient are determinants for AS at follow-up. BAV is predictive for AR. These findings point towards a common embryological pathway of both valvular and aortic disease in CoA.     

经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全

【摘要】 目的 探讨Venus-A支架瓣膜行经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的可行性。方法 回顾性调阅2018年12月至2019年12月在阜外医院接受经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术的15例单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的床资料。其中男性12例, 女性3例,年龄68—83岁,平均年龄(74.65±5.52)岁。患者术前均有左心功能不全症状,且术前心脏超声诊断均为单纯主动脉瓣重度返流。结果 患者行经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术。所有病例成功植入Venus-A支架瓣膜。全组病例无死亡。出院前对患者进行临床评估和超声心动图检查。术中行瓣中瓣治疗3例,少量瓣周返流2例。其余病人均无明显瓣周返流,并且顺利出院。结论 经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者是可行的,术后早期结果满意。     

Transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation within a previous bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement

This report documents the first reported case of transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the CoreValve ReValving system (Medtronic CoreValve System, Luxembourg), within a previous bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. TAVI has become a recognized percutaneous treatment for patients with severe native or bioprosthetic aortic valve stenosis. However, as the number of patients screened for TAVI increases, a number of patients are found with absolutely no option for peripheral arterial access, either from the femoral or subclavian routes. Transaortic CoreValve placement offers an alternate minimally invasive hybrid surgical/interventional technique when peripheral access is not possible. A CoreValve prosthesis was implanted via the transaortic route in an 81‐year‐old woman with severe bioprosthetic aortic valve stenosis (21 mm Mitroflow pericardial valve, peak instantaneous gradient of 99 mmHg, effective valve orifice area (EOA) of 0.3 cm², as ilio‐femoral and left subclavian angiography revealed small calibre vessels (<6 mm). Access was achieved via a mini thoracotomy via the left anterior second intercostal space. The procedure went without complication. Post procedure the patient was transferred directly to the Cardiac Care Unit for recuperation. Post procedure echocardiography showed that the TAVI was well positioned with no para‐valvular leak and a reduction in peak instantaneous gradient to 30 mmHg and an increase in EOA to 1.5 cm². She was discharged on the third post‐procedural day in sinus rhythm with a narrow QRS complex. CoreValve implantation within previous surgical bioprosthesis is now an established treatment. The transaortic approach to transcatheter implantation is a promising recent development, when due to anatomical reasons, transfemoral or subclavian TAVI is not feasible. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.