欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

目的 评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月收治的185例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者临床资料,其中Ta128例、T1 57例;G1 87例、G253例、G345例;肿瘤数目为单发、2～7个、≥8个者分别120、36、29例;肿瘤直径＜3 cm者131例、≥3 cm者54例;伴发原位癌者6例.185例均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均行常规膀胱灌注化疗.采用电话随访方式,随访6～77个月,平均36个月.应用EORTC风险评分表进行预后风险评分,计算各评分组患者的1年复发率和进展率,并与EORTC评分表的预计值进行比较.结果 185例中1年内复发48例(25.9%),1年内出现肿瘤进展者7例(3.8%).根据患者实际情况计算,0、1～4、5～9、10～17分4组患者1年实际复发率分别为10.4%(5/48)、21.5%(14/65)、35.2%(19/54)、55.6%(10/18);0、2～6、7～13、14～23分患者1年实际进展率分别为0(0/43)、1.5%(1/67)、6.7%(4/60)、13.3%(2/15).经x2检验,结果与评分表的预计值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而低危、中危、高危3组患者1年复发率及进展率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 EORTC风险评分表可用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发和进展风险的短期预测,对长期预测的应用及广泛人群的适用性尚待进一步验证.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表对国人非肌层浸润性膀胱癌预后判断的意义

目的 验证欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC)膀胱癌预后风险评分表对我国非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)患者预后判断的准确性.方法 按照EORTC评分标准对225例NMIBC患者进行评分并按得分高低分组,寿命表法计算每组患者的1年和5年实际复发率及进展率,Log-Rank检验行组间比较并与EORTC评分表相应结果对比.多因素分析筛选影响NMIBC预后的独立因素.结果 低、中、高复发风险者分别32、109、84例,低、中、高进展风险者分别25、128、72例.低、中、高复发及进展风险组术后1年复发率和进展率分别为15.1%、31.2%、55.5%和0.3%、2.0%、15.5%;术后5年复发率和进展率分别为28.2%、55.2%、75.0%和1.4%、12.9%、54.7%.除高进展风险组5年进展率略高外,其余均接近EORTC评分表.各组间相比,复发率及进展率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).多因素分析表明,EORTC评分为影响NMIBC患者术后复发及进展风险的独立因素(P＜0.01).结论 EORTC风险评估表使用简便,可以按照复发及进展风险概率将患者准确分层,值得推广应用.

Abstract：

Objective To Validate the prognostic significance of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in Chinese patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods According to the scoring standard of the EORTC system, 225 NMIBC patients were reviewed and divided into 3 groups: low, intermediate and high risk groups for recurrence and progression respectively. The probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year and 5 year for each group were calculated using life-table analysis and then compared with the EORTC risk tables. Log-Rank test and multivariable analysis were used to analyze the possible differences between risk groups and to find independent prognostic factors. Results For low (n= 32, 25), intermediate (n=109, 128) and high (n=84, 72) risk groups, the probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year were 15. 1%, 31.2%, 55.5% and 0. 3%, 2. 0%, 15.5% respectively. The probabilities at 5 year were 28. 2%, 55.2%, 75.0% and 1.4%, 12.9%, 54. 7%. All the results were similar to that of EORTC tables except the probability of progression at 5 year for the high progression risk group.The differences between different risk groups were significant (P＜0.01). In a multivariable analysis for recurrence and progression, the EORTC scores had independent significance (P＜0.01). Conclusions EORTC risk tables could stratify NMIBC patients effectively according to the risk of recurrence and progression. It could be a useful tool for Chinese urologists.     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表对国人非肌层浸润性膀胱癌预后判断的意义

Objective To Validate the prognostic significance of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in Chinese patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods According to the scoring standard of the EORTC system, 225 NMIBC patients were reviewed and divided into 3 groups: low, intermediate and high risk groups for recurrence and progression respectively. The probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year and 5 year for each group were calculated using life-table analysis and then compared with the EORTC risk tables. Log-Rank test and multivariable analysis were used to analyze the possible differences between risk groups and to find independent prognostic factors. Results For low (n= 32, 25), intermediate (n=109, 128) and high (n=84, 72) risk groups, the probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year were 15. 1%, 31.2%, 55.5% and 0. 3%, 2. 0%, 15.5% respectively. The probabilities at 5 year were 28. 2%, 55.2%, 75.0% and 1.4%, 12.9%, 54. 7%. All the results were similar to that of EORTC tables except the probability of progression at 5 year for the high progression risk group.The differences between different risk groups were significant (P＜0.01). In a multivariable analysis for recurrence and progression, the EORTC scores had independent significance (P＜0.01). Conclusions EORTC risk tables could stratify NMIBC patients effectively according to the risk of recurrence and progression. It could be a useful tool for Chinese urologists.     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表对国人非肌层浸润性膀胱癌预后判断的意义

Objective To Validate the prognostic significance of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in Chinese patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods According to the scoring standard of the EORTC system, 225 NMIBC patients were reviewed and divided into 3 groups: low, intermediate and high risk groups for recurrence and progression respectively. The probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year and 5 year for each group were calculated using life-table analysis and then compared with the EORTC risk tables. Log-Rank test and multivariable analysis were used to analyze the possible differences between risk groups and to find independent prognostic factors. Results For low (n= 32, 25), intermediate (n=109, 128) and high (n=84, 72) risk groups, the probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year were 15. 1%, 31.2%, 55.5% and 0. 3%, 2. 0%, 15.5% respectively. The probabilities at 5 year were 28. 2%, 55.2%, 75.0% and 1.4%, 12.9%, 54. 7%. All the results were similar to that of EORTC tables except the probability of progression at 5 year for the high progression risk group.The differences between different risk groups were significant (P＜0.01). In a multivariable analysis for recurrence and progression, the EORTC scores had independent significance (P＜0.01). Conclusions EORTC risk tables could stratify NMIBC patients effectively according to the risk of recurrence and progression. It could be a useful tool for Chinese urologists.     

EORTC风险量表对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后即刻灌注化疗预后判断的研究

目的：验证和研究欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织（European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC）风险量表对我国接受术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC）患者预后判断的效果。方法：回顾性分析2003年5月～2010年12月期间297例接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切（transurethral resection of bladder cancer,TURBT）的NMIBC患者的临床病理资料,所有患者均在术后24小时内接受了首次膀胱灌注化疗。按照EORTC量表的评分原则计算出每位患者的复发和进展评分,并根据得分将所有患者进行风险分层。随访各危险组患者术后复发和进展情况,并将分析结果同量表参考值比较。结果：随访时间23～115个月,平均53个月。随访过程中共122例患者（41％）复发,多因素分析显示复发性肿瘤、G2～3级肿瘤和未在TURBT后6小时内进行首次膀胱灌注化疗是复发的独立危险因素;19例患者（6％）术后进展,独立危险因素包括复发性肿瘤、T1期肿瘤、G3期肿瘤和同时存在原位癌。根据EORTC量表进行复发风险分层后,各组间实际复发率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;与EORTC量表参考值相比,低危组（0分）1年及5年复发率均低于参考范围;中危患者（1～9分）的1年复发率低于参考范围,而5年复发率与参考范围相近;高危组（10b17分）1年及5年复发率可信区间均包含EORTC量表的参考范围。进展风险分层除低危组（0分）与中低危组（2～6分）间的实际进展率差异无统计学意义（P=0．10）外,其它各组问的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;各风险组实际进展率均接近EORTC的参考范围。结论：EORTC量表对于接受术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗的中国NMIBC患者具有预后价值,但低危患者的实际复发率和中危患者的短期实际复发率低于该量表的参考值。     

非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌复发风险预测模型的建立

目的 建立准确预测非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术后肿瘤复发风险的列线图预测模型. 方法 以1998-2007年首次诊断为非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌的317例患者作为研究对象.通过单变量和多变量Cox比例风险回归分析法对患者的性别、手术时年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、合并肾衰竭、诊断至手术时间、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、病理分级、腔内治疗等预后因素进行分析、筛选,建立预测术后3年、5年内肿瘤复发概率的列线图模型.并对模型的预测准确性进行内部验证和校正. 结果 317例患者术后3年和5年内膀胱肿瘤复发率分别为36.9％(117/317)和43.5％ (138/317).患者性别(RR=0.617,P=0.011)、手术时年龄(RR=1.369,P=0.088)、肿瘤大小(RR=1.474,P =0.030)、肿瘤数目(RR=1.663,P=0.002)、肿瘤病理分级(RR=1.880,P=0.000)和合并肾衰竭(RR=3.646,P=0.000)为有统计学意义的预测因子.预测术后3年和5年内肿瘤复发的列线图模型预测准确性分别为75.2％和68.3％. 结论 本研究模型的预测准确性满意,可为患者提供准确的个体化预后风险评估,并为临床制定个体化的治疗、随访方案提供依据.     

肌层浸润性膀胱癌保留膀胱综合治疗的研究进展

膀胱癌发病率居我国泌尿生殖系肿瘤第1位, 是最常的泌尿系恶性肿瘤之一, 其中25%～30%的患者为肌层浸润性膀胱癌, 根治性膀胱切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫是其治疗的标准术式, 能有效避免肿瘤复发或远处转移, 改善患者预后。但由于手术风险高、创伤大, 以及术后生活质量差等原因, 部分患者不能耐受或拒绝行根治性膀胱切除术。随着对膀胱癌肿瘤异质性、生物学行为等的认识不断加深, 膀胱癌治疗已从手术为主的模式转变为多学科协作的个体化综合治疗模式, 保留膀胱的治疗方式可获得与根治性膀胱切除术同等的肿瘤学预后, 且患者的生活质量更佳, 目前已成为肿瘤治疗研究中的热点和焦点。本文就肌层浸润性膀胱癌保留膀胱综合治疗的相关研究进展进行综述。     

非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌320例的复发及进展

目的探讨不同部位非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌复发及进展的因素。方法回顾性分析我院及大连医科大学附属二院自2014年3月-2019年8月收治的320例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)患者的临床资料。肿瘤按解剖位置分为前壁﹑侧壁﹑后壁﹑顶壁﹑三角区﹑颈部,按病理分期为Ta﹑T1。分析不同部位肿瘤的复发及累积进展率。明确肿瘤位置与预后之间的相关性。结果患者平均随访28.5(17.1~48.5)月,总复发率35.00%﹑累积进展率7.81%(25/320)。与其他部位相比,膀胱三角区﹑颈部肿瘤复发率分别为45.00%﹑41.30%,累积进展率分别为15.00%及13.04%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论膀胱三角区及颈部非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌容易出现复发及进展,需要积极的临床干预。     

钬激光技术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效分析

目的 评价经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤（non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC）的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析167例分别行经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术（78例）与 经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术（transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT）（89例）的 NMIBC 患者的临床资料,比较手术时间、术中闭孔神经反射、膀胱穿孔发生率及术后复发率等指标。结果 钬激光组手术时间与电切镜组无明显差异（P＞0.05）;术中闭孔神经反射率、膀胱穿孔发生率、术后出血发生率等方面钬激光组明显少于电切镜组（P<0.05）;两组患者术后复发率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 钬激光在治疗 NMIBTC方面同电切一样疗效确切,但钬激光手术方法易于掌握、安全性高且并发症少。值得临床可合理选择运用。     

钬激光治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效与安全性评价

目的 以TURBt作为对照,评价经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术(HoLRBt)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效与安全性. 方法 回顾性研究212例原发性膀胱肿瘤患者临床资料.按治疗方式分为HoLRBt组(n=101)和TURBt组(n=111),每组患者按复发风险分为低、中及高危3个亚组.比较2组患者术前、术中和术后相关临床指标,Kaplan-Meier分析比较2组整体及每个亚组的无复发生存率(RFS). 结果 2组患者性别、年龄、肿瘤特点、复发风险等比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HoLRBt组未发生闭孔神经反射,TURBt组发生闭孔神经反射7例(6.3%)、膀胱穿孔3例(2.7%).HoLRBt组术后需要膀胱冲洗患者比例(23.8%)、留置尿管时间[(1.4±0.5)d]和术后住院时间[(2.9±0.7)d]均＜TURBt组(P＜0.05),后者分别为36.9%、(2.5±0.9)d、(4.4±1.1)d.平均随访34(18～43)个月,Kaplan-Meier分析HoLRBt与TURBt组RFS差异无统计学意义(P=0.283).其中HoLRBt组1、2、3年RFS分别为81.4%、69.5%、56.5%,TURBt组分别为75.6%、60.1%、45.2%.结论 HoLRBt治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤近期RFS与TURBt相近,术中并发症及术后恢复时间优于TURBt.