雷公藤甲素预处理诱导Tregs细胞减轻小鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

目的 探讨雷公藤甲素(TPT)预处理减轻小鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用及其机制.方法 将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组(15只/组):假手术对照组;假手术雷公藤甲素组;实验对照组;雷公藤甲素实验组.两个雷公藤甲素组小鼠术前1周每天给予雷公藤甲素0.1 mg/kg腹腔注射,术前1h加用一次,而两对照组同期仅给予等体积无菌生理盐水腹腔注射.肝脏缺血90 min再灌注24 h后分别采集各组小鼠的血液和肝组织,检测血清丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)水平.以及肝脏组织丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量.光镜下观察肝组织的病理学变化.采用流式细胞术检测肝组织中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T淋巴细胞占CD4+T细胞的百分比,采用实时聚合酶链反应检测肝组织中Foxp3 mRNA的表达.采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中IL-10、IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α细胞因子含量.结果 雷公藤甲素实验组和实验对照组小鼠血清ALT和AST明显升高,且雷公藤甲素实验组水平低于实验对照组(P＜0.05).假手术雷公藤甲素组和雷公藤甲素实验组与相应假手术和实验对照组相比MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高(P＜0.05).两假手术组肝组织结构正常,实验对照组可见明显的肝组织片状坏死,雷公藤甲素实验组肝小叶结构基本正常.假手术对照组、假手术雷公藤甲素组、实验对照组和雷公藤甲素实验组CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T淋巴细胞占CD4+T细胞的百分比分别为(7.55±1.87)%、(12.59±3.87)%、(7.85±1.07)%和(12.02±3.16)%.假手术雷公藤甲素组和雷公藤甲素实验组Foxp3 mRNA相对表达量高于相应的对照组(P＜0.05).雷公藤甲素实验组较实验对照组相比有升高血清IL-10,降低IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α细胞因子的含量的作用.结论 雷公藤甲素可减轻小鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能与雷公藤甲素诱导上调体内CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T淋巴细胞比例及增加IL-10分泌,抑制IL-6、IL-1p和TNF-α炎症细胞因子有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect and related mechanism of triptolide pretreatment to prevent from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice liver. Methods Sixty male C57BL/6 mouse were randomized into four groups (15/group): A:sham group with saline , B: sham group with triptolide, C: saline I/R group, D: triptolide I/R group. The mice were pretreated with either saline or triptolide (0. 1 mg/kg/d) through intraperitoneal (ip) injection for one week. The mouse partial liver model of I/R injury was established, and samples were collected at 24 h after the I/R injury. Results Serum ALT and AST levels were significantly decreased and histological damage was significantly alleviated in the triptolide I/R group as compared with the saline I/R group (P＜0.05), the concentration of MDA in the triptolide groups was significantly decreased, while SOD activity was significantly increased compared with that of the saline I/R group (P＜0.05). The percentages of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) cells among CD4+ T cells in groups A, B, C, and D were(7. 55 ± 1.87)%, (12. 59±3. 87)%,(7. 85±1.07)%, and(12. 02±3. 16)% in liver tissue, respectively. The expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA were significantly higher in the triptolide I/R group than those of saline I/R group (P＜0. 05). ELISA showed that triptolide could significantly inhibit the levels of IL-6, IL-Iβ and TNF-αand promoted the level of IL-10 in the serum (P＜0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with triptolide could effectively prevent from liver I/R injury, which may be related to the induction of Treg cells by triptolide, the increase in the level of IL-10 in serum, and the inhibition of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α production in serum.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

二氮嗪对长时程低温保存移植鼠心ATP酶的影响及意义

目的观察线粒体ATP敏感性钾离子通道开放剂二氮嗪(Diazoxide,DE)对移植鼠心心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATPase和肌浆网Ca2+-ATPase活性的影响,并探索DE处理后Celsior液对长时程低温保存鼠心的作用。方法SD雄性大鼠192只随机分为4组,即A组(单纯Celsior液保存5h)、B组(30μmol/L DE+Celsior液保存5h)、C组(30μmol/L DE+Celsior液保存8h)、D组(30μmol/L DE+Celsior液保存10h)。利用改良Heron法大鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型,供体鼠心按各组要求保存后移植于受体,观察移植心脏30s内复跳率、心率;检测心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATPase和肌浆网Ca2+-ATPase活性;观察心肌超微结构。结果(1)复跳率和心率:心脏移植术后30s复跳率各组均无显著性差异;B组、C组心率明显较A组、D组快,A组、D组心率差异无显著性意义。(2)两酶活性测定:B、C、D3组心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATPase活性随着保存时间的延长呈显著递减性降低,但仍高于A组,仅D组与A组差别无显著性意义;B组、C组肌浆网Ca2+-ATPase活性显著高于D组、A组,D组与A组差别无统计学意义。(3)心肌超微结构:各组心肌结构保护均较好,肌纤维排列整齐,肌节清,线粒体肿胀不明显;B、C、D3组线粒体嵴结构较为清楚。(4)D组和A组各指标差别均无显著性意义。结论移植鼠心在长时程冷缺血期间,DE对心肌组织ATP酶活性有较好的保护作用,此作用随着保存时间的延长而减弱。且DE处理后Celsior液冷保存鼠心10h仍与国际公认的Celsior液安全冷保存时间5h效果相当。     

CD+4CD+25调节性T淋巴细胞的研究进展

CD+4CD+25 Treg细胞(调节性T淋巴细胞)是一类特殊的T淋巴细胞群体,其能够识别自身抗原并抑制自身反应性细胞的免疫反应,是自身免疫耐受不可缺失的一环,同时也可在炎症情况下抑制效应性细胞过度活化,防止免疫反应过强而对机体造成损伤.在CD+4CD+25 Treg 细胞缺失或功能障碍情况下,将导致机体发生自身性疾病,而在细胞过度活化情况下,则机体发生肿瘤的概率大为增加.故研究CD+4CD+25 Treg细胞对于临床疾病的治疗具有重大意义.我们就以下几个方面进行综述.(1)CD+4CD+25 Treg细胞表面特异性分子标志;(2)CD+4CD+25 Treg细胞理想的分离扩增方法;(3)分析其维持免疫耐受可能的分子细胞机制;(4)CD+4CD+25 Treg细胞在自身免疫疾病治疗、肿瘤免疫、以及移植排斥的防治等临床疾方面的作用.     

自体血液回收技术对红细胞膜ATP酶的影响

目的　探讨血液回收技术对红细胞膜Na+ K+ ATP酶和Ca2 + Mg2 + ATP酶活性的影响。方法　将 2 4例患者麻醉前静脉血、术野回收原血及回收红细胞血液标本采用沈茂星法测定红细胞膜Na+ K+ ATP酶和Ca2 + Mg2 + ATP酶活性 ,并予统计分析。结果　经血液回收技术处理后的红细胞膜Na+ K+ ATP酶和Ca2 + Mg2 + ATP酶活性与术野回收原血值比较均有显著降低 (P<0 0 5 )。结论　自体血液回收技术能使红细胞膜Na+ K+ ATP酶和Ca2 + Mg2 + ATP酶活性明显降低。     

FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in normal prostate tissue,postatrophic hyperplasia,prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia,and tumor histological lesions in men with and without prostate cancer

Background

The tumor promoting or counteracting effects of the immune response to cancer development are thought to be mediated to some extent by the infiltration of regulatory T cells (T_regs). In the present study we evaluated the prevalence of T_reg populations in stromal and epithelial compartments of normal, post atrophic hyperplasia (PAH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and tumor lesions in men with and without prostate cancer.

Methods

Study subjects were 102 men consecutively diagnosed with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy and 38 men diagnosed with bladder cancer undergoing cystoprostatectomy without prostate cancer at the pathological examination. Whole mount sections from all patients were evaluated for the epithelial and stromal expression of CD4⁺ T_regs and CD8⁺ T_regs in normal, PAH, PIN, and tumor lesions. A Friedmańs test was used to investigate differences in the mean number of T_regs across histological lesions. Logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer for each histological area.

Results

In men with prostate cancer, similarly high numbers of stromal CD4⁺ T_regs were identified in PAH and tumor, but CD4⁺ T_regs were less common in PIN. Greater numbers of epithelial CD4+ T_regs in normal prostatic tissue were positively associated with both Gleason score and pT‐stage. We observed a fourfold increased risk of prostate cancer in men with epithelial CD4⁺ T_regs in the normal prostatic tissue counterpart.

Conclusions

Our results may suggest a possible pathway through which PAH develops directly into prostate cancer in the presence of CD4⁺ T_regs and indicate that transformation of the anti‐tumor immune response may be initiated even before the primary tumor is established.

     

慢性肾炎患者血浆海蟾蜍毒素水平及其肾脏受体表达变化

目的 了解慢性肾小球肾炎（CGN）患者血浆海蟾蜍毒素（MBG）水平及其受体Na+-K+-ATP酶（NKA）在肾组织中的表达情况。 方法 竞争抑制ELISA法测定28例CGN患者和14例健康人血浆MBG浓度。应用免疫荧光共聚焦、免疫组化和图像分析技术检测CGN患者肾组织内NKA的表达部位及表达量。 结果 CGN患者血浆MBG浓度低于健康对照组[（0.579±0.214） nmol/L比（0.715±0.154） nmol/L,P < 0.05],其中高血压者与血压正常者血浆MBG浓度差异无统计学意义[（0.595±0.231） nmol/L比（0.557±0.197） nmol/L,P > 0.05]。血浆MBG浓度与24 h尿钠排泄量无相关（r = -0.022,P > 0.05）。与正常肾组织比较,CGN患者近端肾小管NKA表达下降,肾小管NKA表达阳性面积百分比明显减少[2.1%（0.5%~6.2%）比 5.6%（3.5%~10.8%）,P < 0.01],且与24 h尿钠排泄量呈正相关（r = 0.551,P < 0.01）。 结论 CGN患者血浆MBG水平及其受体NKA在近端肾小管表达的下降可能参与CGN患者钠代谢调节。     

Human CD8 responder cells can be directly activated to proliferate and to produce IL-2 following stimulation by allogeneic, but not by xenogeneic, porcine blood mononuclear cells

Abstract: In order to determine the precise nature of human T lymphocytes reactivity against porcine stimulator cells, purified CD4₊ and CD8+ human peripheral T lymphocytes have been tested for their responsiveness against porcine stimulator cells. In a xenogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), CD4+ T cells were capable of proliferating as a result of the recognition of porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), whereas CD8+ T cells were unresponsive. A proliferative response of CD8+ T cells could be restored by treatment with human IL-2, but not by IL-lα, IL-lβ, or IL-6. Production of IL-2 was not detected in the xenostimulated CD8+ responder cells, nor could IL-2 production be restored by the addition of IL-lα, IL-1β, or IL-6. The presence of human CD4₊ responder cells was crucial both for a xenoproliferative response and for IL-2 synthesis. However, when the expression of the IL-2 receptor (CD25) on the CD8₊ T cells was analyzed, no difference was detected between xenostimulated and allostimulated CD8₊ T cells. When the development of cytotoxic T cells in xenogeneic and allogeneic MLRs was compared, the cytotoxic activity exhibited by purified CD8+ T cells in xenogeneic MLR was significantly lower than that in the allogeneic combination. In the xenogeneic combination, exogenous IL-2 reconstituted the cytotoxicity by purified CD8₊ T cells; however, IL-lα, IL-lβ, or IL-6 did not.
Our results show that purified human CD4₊ T cells respond directly against pig PBMCs, whereas purified CD8₊ T cells do not. Furthermore, responsiveness in CD8₊ T cells is completely restored by the addition of human IL-2.     

CD4+ CD25+ CD62+ T-Regulatory Cell Subset Has Optimal Suppressive and Proliferative Potential

CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are potent suppressors, and play important roles in autoimmunity and transplantation. Recent reports suggest that CD4+ CD25+ Treg are not a homogeneous cell population, but the differences in phenotype, function, and mechanisms among different subsets are unknown. Here, we demonstrate CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells can be divided into subsets according to cell-surface expression of CD62L. While both subsets express foxp3 and are anergic, the CD62L+ population is more potent on a per cell basis, and proliferates and maintains suppressive function far better than the CD62L- population and unseparated CD4+ CD25+ Treg. The CD62L+ population preferentially migrates to CCL19, MCP-1 and FTY720. Both CD62L+ and CD62L- subsets prevent the development of autoimmune gastritis and colitis induced by CD4+ CD25-CD45RBhigh cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Overall, these results suggest CD4+ CD25+ Treg are not a homogenous cell population, but can be divided into at least two subsets according to CD62L expression. The CD62L+ subset is a more potent suppressor than the CD62L- population or unfractionated CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells, can be expanded far more easily in culture, and is more responsive to chemokine-driven migration to secondary lymphoid organs. These properties may have significant implications for the clinical manipulation of the CD4+ CD25+ CD62L+ cells.     

不同时期失面神经支配肌细胞直径与酶含量变化的研究

目的:观察不同时期大鼠眼轮匝肌失神经支配后肌细胞直径与酶含量的变化,为临床面神经损伤最佳手术修复时机提供理论依据.方法:建立面神经损伤大鼠模型,应用计算机图像分析仪及比色分析技术,分别观察面神经离断术后第1、3天,第1、2、4、6、8周眼轮匝肌肌细胞直径和Ca2+-ATP酶、Na+-K+-ATP酶含量的变化.结果:面神经离断术后眼轮匝肌肌细胞直径从正常值降到只占正常值的20%;Ca2+-ATP酶、Na+-K+-ATP酶的灰度值亦分别从术后1天的(1.24±0.17)、(8.55±0.36)增加到术后8周的(1.42±0.10)、(9.74±0.33),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:大鼠面神经离断术后眼轮匝肌肌细胞直径、Ca2+-ATP酶、Na+-K+-ATP酶含量下降,并且随失神经支配时间延长呈进行性下降,提示面神经损伤修复手术应早期进行,有利于面神经功能恢复.     

CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T细胞在肝癌肝移植肿瘤复发中的作用

目的 探讨肝癌肝移植病人移植前后外周血和肿瘤组织中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T细胞比例变化及其临床意义.方法 用流式细胞仪检测肝癌肝移植病人和其他肝移植病人术后外周血中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T细胞的比例,并采用正常人作对照.用免疫组化法检测肝癌病人和非肝癌病人肿瘤组织中FoxP3的表达及CD8+T细胞浸润的比例.观察肝癌肝移植病人术后及肿瘤复发后调节性T细胞的变化及其对肿瘤复发的影响.结果 流式细胞检测显示肝癌肝移植、非肝癌肝移植的病人术后外周血中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例较正常人明显升高,分别为(10.15±1.00)%、(5.30±1.64)%和(3.20±1.18)%,P<0.05.肝癌肝移植肿瘤复发病人较未复发病人外周血CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T比例明显升高,分别为(15.15±1.50)%和(6.80±1.50)%,P<0.01.免疫组化检测显示肿瘤组织中FOXP3+T细胞增多,CD8+T细胞浸润明显减少.结论 肝癌肝移植肿瘤复发的病人外周血中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T细胞比例升高.调节性T细胞可能通过减少CD8+T细胞浸润,加速肿瘤复发.     

Effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid on tissue Na+,K- ATPase levels after experimental head trauma

BACKGROUND: A failure of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity (which is essential for ion flux across the cell membranes) occurs in many pathological conditions and may lead to cell dysfunction or even cell death. By altering the concentration of specific opioid peptides, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) may change ion flux across cell membranes and produce the 'channel arrest' which we assumed will inhibit the failure of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity and therefore lead to energy conservation and cell protection. Therefore we planned this study to see the effects of GHB at two different doses on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in an experimental head trauma model. METHODS: Forty New Zealand rabbits were divided equally into four groups: group I was the sham-operated group, group II (untreated group), group III received head trauma and intravenous (i.v.) 500 mg/kg GHB and group IV received head trauma and i.v. 50 mg/kg GHB. Head trauma was delivered by performing a craniectomy over the right hemisphere and dropping a weight of 10 g from a height of 80 cm. The non-traumatized (left) side was named as 'a' and the traumatized (right) side as 'b'. One hour after the trauma in groups II and III and craniotomy in group I, brain cortices were resected from both sides and in group I only from the right side was the tissue Na-K-ATPase activity determined. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase levels of each group are as follows: group I - 5.97 +/- 0.55; group IIa - 3.90 +/- 1.08; group IIb - 3.58 +/- 0.90; group IIIa - 5.53 +/- 0.60; group IIIb - 5.33 +/- 0.88; group IVa - 5.05 +/- 0.72; group IVb - 4.93 +/- 0.67. The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase levels of group IIa, IIb, IVa and IVb were significantly different from group S (P < 0.05). There were also significant differences between group IIa and groups IIIa and IVa; group IIb and groups IIIb and IVb (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that GHB is effective in suppressing the decrease in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase levels in brain tissue at two different dose schedules after head trauma.