前入路分层解剖腹腔镜原位脾切除术的临床应用

目的 探讨前入路分层解剖腹腔镜下脾切除术(LS)的应用价值和临床疗效.方法 2007年12月至2009年7月我科共开展27例LS,回顾分析前入路分层解剖LS的临床资料.结果 除1例因胰尾肥大出血,中转剖腹行脾脏切除术外,其余手术均在腹腔镜下完成.切除脾脏长径8～20 cm,6例患者发现副脾(6/27,22.2%),平均手术时间125 min,平均术中失血量90 ml,平均术后住院时间5.5 d.结论 前人路分层解剖可快速顺利完成LS操作,无需过多翻弄脾脏,可减少意外损伤,节约手术时间,值得临床推广应用.

Abstract：

Objective To study the role of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) using the anterior approach with sequential layered dissection. Methods From December 2007 to July 2009, we performed 27 LS using the anterior approach with sequential layered dissection. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results The range of splenic length was 8-20 cm. Accessory spleen was found in 6 patients (22.2%). The mean operative time was 125 mins. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 90 ml, and the mean postoperative stay was 5.5 days. Conclusions Laparoscopic splenectomy using the anterior approach with sequential layered dissection could be carried out smoothly and rapidly. It reduced accidental injuries and shortened the operative time.     

后外侧入路腹腔镜脾切除术:附37例报告

目的探讨后外侧入路腹腔镜脾切除术（LS）的临床应用价值。方法1994年12月至2005年12月我院在开展16例前入路LS的基础上，采用后外侧入路完成37例LS，回顾分析后外侧入路LS的临床资料。结果除1例因套圈套扎脾蒂失败，遂扩大切口将脾脏提至腹壁按常规手术处理脾蒂外，其余手术均在完全腹腔镜下完成。切除脾脏长径7～18cm，7例病人发现副脾（18．9％）。术后切口感染1例，平均手术时间为130min，平均术中失血量80ml，平均术后住院5．5d。结论后外侧入路有利于LS操作，是一种值得推广的手术入路。     

改良脾脏后外侧入路在腹腔镜巨脾切除术中的应用评价

目的:探讨改良脾脏后外侧入路在腹腔镜巨脾切除术中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年7月在江南大学附属医院接受腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)的巨脾患者临床资料。共入组48例患者,其中男性29例,女性19例,平均年龄55.8岁。根据手术分离脾脏入路分为研究组( n＝26)：采用改良脾脏后外侧入路...     

腹腔镜脾切除术的手术技巧

自1991年Delaitre完成世界首例腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)后,LS成为最常用的腹腔镜实体脏器切除术之一.LS与开腹脾切除术相比具有术中出血少、术后康复快、住院时间短等优点.此手术是经典的腹腔镜手术,要求腹腔镜医师掌握脾脏及周围组织的精细解剖,掌握较高的腹腔镜技术.     

腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断术在门脉高压患者巨脾切除术中的应用

目的:探讨为乙肝肝硬化合并门脉高压症患者行腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断巨脾切除术的可行性及安全性。方法:2016年7月至2021年12月为20例患者采用腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断术行巨脾切除术,患者均为乙肝肝硬化门脉高压症,脾脏达到巨脾标准,回顾分析手术成功率、术中出血量、胰尾损伤与胰瘘发生率、引流管拔除时间、住院时间等。结果:患者30～75岁,平均(52.40±10.72)岁,男5例,女15例。20例患者均采用腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断术切除脾脏,出血量20～400 mL,平均(129.38±84.81)mL,术中、术后均未输血;手术时间115～240 min,平均(173.93±36.75)min。术后引流管拔除时间3～12 d,平均(7.10±2.32)d。均未出现胰尾损伤及胰瘘;术后出现发热3例,体温最高达39℃,经影像学检查考虑为脾静脉及结扎后食管胃底迂曲静脉内血栓导致的脾热,经积极对症治疗后体温恢复正常。术后住院5～14 d,平均(8.75±2.47)d。结论:乙肝肝硬化合并门脉高压症采用腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断术行巨脾切除可取得良好效果,成功率高,并可有效避免术中大出血、胰尾损伤...     

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目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy，LS)和腹腔镜辅助脾切除术(laparoscopic assisted splenectomy，LAS)的优缺点。方法1994～2003年共实施脾切除术43例，其中采用LAS行脾切除术13例，完全在腹腔镜下行脾切除术30例，切除副牌6例，4例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果手术均获成功，LS术后切口感染1例，并发DIC 1例，平均手术时间160min，术中失血平均120mL，术后平均住院5．4d。LAS平均手术时间132min，术中平均失血90mL，术后平均住院8．6d。结论LS和LAS均安全可行，LAS手术时间短，术中出血少，但病人住院时间长。LS费时费事，术中出血多。     

左肾旁前间隙入路在保留脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中的应用

目的 探讨保留脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术安全快捷的手术入路.方法 回顾总结我院12 例保留脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术的手术过程及结果,分析左肾前间隙入路在保留脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中的应用.结果 12 例手术顺利完成,平均手术时间(55±18)min,术中出血量(80±46)mL,术后平均住院时间7.6 d,术后未发生胰漏等并发症.结论 左肾前间隙入路是脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中安全快捷的手术入路.     

腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术10例疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术的安全性及可行性。方法 2019年3月至2022年7月宁波市鄞州区第二医院共开展10例腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术，其中慢性乙型肝炎后肝硬化、门静脉高压症脾功能亢进5例，脾梗死伴脓肿形成1例，毛细胞白血病1例，脾血管瘤2例，脾恶性肿瘤1例。回顾性分析腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术的手术效果及术后并发症情况。结果 本组10例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术，无中转开腹病例。手术时间130～310 min（中位数190 min），术中出血量50～400 mL（中位数100 mL），术后住院时间5～28 d（中位数8 d）；术中无并发症发生。腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术后发生并发症2例，1例脾脏切除后出现乳糜漏，1例脾脏切除+门奇断流术后出现门静脉血栓，均经保守治疗痊愈。术后均无胰漏发生。结论 本组研究结果表明，腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术是安全可行的。     

完全腹腔镜脾切除42例临床经验总结

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜脾切除(laparoscopic splencetomy,LS)的手术技巧和临床经验.方法 回顾性分析杨州大学临床医学院2006年10月至2008年5月对42例施行完全腹腔镜脾切除术病人手术时间、术中失血量、术后并发症等.其中,血液病脾12例,脾结核1例,脾囊肿1例,外伤性脾破裂4例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,门脉高压性脾功能亢进症23例.脾脏装入塑料袋剪碎取出.结果 42例手术均获成功,平均出血量(300±110.60)ml,手术时间60～260 min(170±45.65)min,术后住院时间平均(8.10±3.52)d,无严重术后并发症.结论 对于大多数脾脏疾病,腹腔镜脾切除术安全可行,关键在于脾蒂的正确处理.根据脾脏的病种、大小形态、脾门等情况,选用比较适宜的脾蒂处理方案.     

脾结肠韧带入路的腹腔镜或机器人胰尾肿瘤切除术

目的:探讨脾结肠韧带入路的腹腔镜或机器人胰尾肿瘤切除术的临床应用及选择策略。方法:回顾分析2007年9月至2016年9月为22例胰尾良性或交界性占位病变患者经脾结肠韧带入路行腹腔镜与机器人胰尾肿瘤剜除或胰尾切除术的临床资料。结果:22例手术均顺利完成,腹腔镜手术12例,机器人手术10例(1例为单孔机器人胰岛素瘤剜除术),无一例中转幵腹。剜除术13例(59.09%),Kimura术7例(3L82%),胰尾联合脾脏切除术2例(9.09%)。术中出血量平均(77.0±87.67)ml,手术时间平均(122.47±24.02)min,术后平均住院(6.65±2.02)d。术后并发A级胰瘘2例(9.09%),未出现B级或以上胰瘘。结论:脾结肠韧带入路安全、可行,能有效降低微创胰尾手术的技术难度。对于有丰富腹腔镜与机器人胰腺切除手术经验的团队,胰尾的良性或交界恶性肿瘤的微创手术入路可优先选择脾结肠韧带入路。     

腹腔镜脾切除术中的操作与显露

目的　探讨腹腔镜脾切除术 (LaparoscopicSplenectomy ,LS)手术操作和术野显露。　方法回顾分析 1999年 6月以来 11例LS临床资料 ,包括 1例肝硬化脾功能亢进和 10例原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (IdiopathicThrombocytopenicPurpura ,ITP)。　结果　 9例获得成功 ,其中 6例采取仰卧位 ,手术时间平均 3 5小时 ,术中出血平均 2 0 0ml;1例采取右侧卧位 ,手术时间 4小时 ,术中出血 80ml;2例采取右侧斜卧位 ,手术时间分别为 2 5小时和 3 0小时 ,术中出血均为 10 0ml。 1例ITP术后 6小时出现腹腔内出血而再次剖腹手术 ,2例ITP中转开腹。　结论　脾周韧带及组织的良好显露与分离和脾蒂的成功控制是腹腔镜脾切除术成功的关键。     

Posterolateral approach

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is effective and technically feasible for treating various hematological diseases, especially idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). An anterior approach to the vascular pedicle is usually described. However, in this approach to the splenic hilum, the dissection of the splenic artery is often difficult. A total of 13 patients with ITP underwent elective laparoscopic splenectomy. We utilized a laparoscopic posterolateral approach involving dissection of the suspensory ligaments at the lower pole, then dissection and division of the posterolateral attachments, followed by the dissection and ligation of all splenic branches near the splenic parenchyma. This procedure was completed in 11 of our 13 patients and converted to open surgery in the other two patients. Mean operative time was 3 h; mean postoperative stay was 3 days. No blood transfusion was required, and no complications were noted in the postoperative period. The posterolateral approach provides better visualization and control of branches of the splenic vein and artery in the splenic hilum. It also permits visualization and control of surgical hemorrhage through the operating ports. Received: 24 January 1997/Accepted: 28 October 1997     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy vs conventional laparoscopic splenectomy in cases of splenomegaly

HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is the procedure of choice for elective splenectomy. Splenomegaly may preclude safe mobilization and hilar control using conventional laparoscopic techniques. Hand-assisted LS (HALS) may offer the same benefits of minimally invasive surgery for splenomegaly while allowing safe manipulation and splenic dissection. DESIGN: A retrospective review of patients with splenomegaly undergoing conventional LS or HALS was performed. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS: Hand-assisted LS was performed at the start of the operation for patients with splenomegaly; splenomegaly was determined by palpation of the splenic tip extending to the midline or the iliac crest, or by a craniocaudal splenic length of greater than 22 cm. Splenomegaly was defined as a splenic weight of greater than 700 g after morcellation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient demographic characteristics, operative indications, splenic weight after morcellation, morbidity, mortality, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-five patients with splenomegaly were identified: 31 underwent standard LS and 14 underwent HALS. The HALS group had significantly larger spleens than the conventional LS group (mean weight, 1516 vs 1031 g; P =.02). Mean operative time (177 vs 186 minutes; P =.89), estimated blood loss (602 vs 376 mL; P =.17), and length of hospital stay (5.4 vs 4.2 days; P =.24) and complication rates (5 [36%] of 14 vs 5 [16%] of 31; P =.70) were similar between the HALS and the standard LS groups. No perioperative mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Hand-assisted LS is a safe and efficacious procedure for these extremely difficult cases. Hand-assisted LS provides the benefits of a minimally invasive approach in cases of splenomegaly.     

采用圈套器套扎脾蒂的腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂63例

目的探讨外伤性脾破裂行腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析我院2009年3月至2017年8月63例外伤性脾破裂行LS术临床资料,术中采用先结扎脾动脉,再用圈套器套扎脾蒂切除脾脏48例,采用二级脾蒂离断法逐根结扎切断进入脾脏血管切除脾脏15例。结果 60例顺利完成LS术,3例因脾脏出血或粘连严重中转开放手术,手术时间60~170 min,平均120 min,术中出血量100~800 m L,平均400 m L。术后无大出血、胰漏、血栓形成等并发症发生。结论外伤性脾破裂行LS术采用先结扎脾动脉,再用圈套器套扎脾蒂切除脾脏或二级脾蒂离断法逐根结扎切断进入脾脏血管切除脾脏是安全和可行的,效果满意,创伤小,恢复快,住院时间短。     

Laparoscopic splenectomy using ligasure

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative bleeding is the main complication and main cause of conversion during laparoscopic splenectomy (LS). We present the advantages of the use of the Ligasure Vessel Sealing System added to lateral approach for achieving a safe vascular control. METHODS: Ligasure is an energy-based device which works applying a precise amount of bipolar energy and pressure to the tissue, achieving a permanent seal. We have performed a total of 35 LS in a 5-year period using different approaches and methods of dissection, including the anterior approach, monopolar coagulation, clips, endostaplers, and ultrasonic shears. In the last 10 patients (4 males and 6 females, mean age 24 yr) we employed a technique with 4 trocars, right semilateral position associated with the entire dissection of the spleen and vessels sealing (lower pole vessels, main vascular pedicles, short gastric vessels) performed with Ligasure. Six had thrombocytopenic idiopatic purpura (ITP), 2 hereditary spherocytosis and one each b-thalassemia and hemolytic anemia. RESULTS: Nine LS were completed with one (10%) conversion because of hilar bleeding due to accidental injury with Ligasure. The average splenic weight was 485 g (range 265-1800), with an average diameter of 16 cm (range 12-25). In all but one patients (the converted one) the intraoperative blood loss was less than 100 mL (range 50-100 mL, average 80 mL). No blood transfusion were needed. The average operative time was 120 min (range 90-165), including 2 patients undergoing combined laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There was no mortality, with one (10%) postoperative complication (thrombosis of the spleno-portal axis), treated with a conservative approach. The average postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 days (range 3-6). CONCLUSIONS: The use of Ligasure, associated with the lateral position, results in a gain of time and safety. Furthermore, the average intraoperative bleeding of this series is very low.     

Laparoscopic surgery of the spleen: state of the art

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) offers superior visualization and access to the spleen and avoids the major laparotomy incision necessary in open splenectomy (OS). This review summarizes the current knowledge of laparoscopic techniques for splenectomy from the perspective of surgeons whose combined experience now totals 340 cases. BACKGROUND AND DISCUSSION: While LS has been applied across the spectrum of splenic diseases, it is most indicated in treatment of a benign hematologic condition with a normal or slightly enlarged spleen as seen in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), autoimmune deficiency syndrome-related ITP, hemolytic anemia, or spherocytosis. Both anterior and lateral approaches have been used for LS. While benefits of the anterior approach include access to the splenic artery along the superior border of the pancreas within the lesser sac, thus securing vascular control early in the procedure, the lateral approach allows for improved exposure of and access to the splenic pedicle. Also, mechanics and sequence of dissection are enhanced and more intuitive to the surgeon using the lateral approach, and the tail of the pancreas is more easily identified. Potential perioperative complications of LS include hemorrhage, injury to the tail of the pancreas, and deep vein thrombosis. The most common criticisms facing LS are the potential for missed accessory spleens, longer operating time, and greater operating room costs compared to OS. However, while LS requires a longer operating time than OS, studies indicate shorter postoperative hospital stays for LS versus OS patients in comparable cases, which can, in turn, reduce the total hospital cost for the procedure. CONCLUSION: Although LS continues to pose certain technical challenges--such as management of the massive spleen, specimen extraction, and identification of remotely located accessory spleens--its advantages over OS in terms of faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay, and equivalent or lower perioperative morbidity are now well established. Indications for LS and more laparoscopic spleen-conserving surgery are likely to broaden.     

腹腔镜巨脾切除贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症

目的:探讨腹腔镜巨脾切除术的可行性和安全性。方法:2003年10月至2008年12月我院为11例脾长径大于25cm的肝硬化门脉高压、脾功能亢进、食道胃底静脉曲张患者施行腹腔镜巨脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术。结果:11例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹,手术时间平均250min,平均出血430ml。结论:只要具备相应的手术设备,熟练掌握手术技巧,腹腔镜巨脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术安全可行。     

腹腔镜脾切除术（附8例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜脾切除术的可行性。方法 我院从1996年6月-2001年3月,共施行腹腔镜脾切除术8例,其中乙型肝炎后肝硬化继发脾功能亢进5例、遗传性球形红细胞增多症l例、原发性血小板减少性紫癜l例、脾淋巴管瘤l例。结果 手术成功6例,平均手术时间为4h,平均术中失血350ml,平均术后住院6d,无术后并发症。中转开腹2例。2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,l例行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿切除术。结论 腹腔镜脾切除术是一种安全可行的脾脏切除方法。     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术（laparoscopic splenectomy，LS）治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜（idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura，ITP）的疗效。方法头高左侧高位，常规四孔法。超声刀分离脾结肠韧带、脾胃韧带、脾肾韧带及脾膈韧带，其内血管用钛夹或Hem-o-lok结扎夹夹闭。内镜血管切割闭合器（Endo-Cutter）闭合切断脾蒂；或沿脾脏逐-分离、结扎、剪断脾动、静脉的分支，或分离出脾下极动脉和脾动静脉主干，7号丝线分别结扎，血管夹夹闭，逐-结扎、剪断其分支。脾脏放入标本袋，经扩大的trocar切口提出标本袋边，脾脏于标本袋内搅碎后取出。结果2例因术中出血中转开腹手术。26例完成LS，手术时间75～230min，平均121min；术中出血量20～350ml，平均89ml。5例发现副脾并切除。术后1～2d恢复饮食并下地活动。术后住院4～11d，平均5．3d。2例切口感染，1例切口皮下血肿，1例皮下气肿。26例LS随访2．5～62个月，平均20、5月，18例（69．2％）有效，4例（15．4％）部分有效，4例（15．4％）无效。结论LS治疗ITP安全可行、效果良好。