PET/CT and MRI of intra-osseous haemangioma of the tibia

Intra-osseous haemangioma is a rare, benign neoplasm that usually involves the vertebrae and craniofacial bones. Furthermore, its occurrence in the long bones is extremely rare. We report the findings of fluorine-18-fludeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and MRI in a patient with intra-osseous haemangioma in the proximal tibia, who was initially misdiagnosed as having a malignancy based on (18)F-FDG PET/CT. (18)F-FDG PET/CT showed a well-marginated osteolytic lesion with abnormal FDG uptake. The mass demonstrated low signal intensity on T(1) weighted MRI. On T(2) weighted images, the lesion appeared as a cluster of high signal intensity lobules and showed strong enhancement on contrast-enhanced T(1) weighted images. Surgical curettage was performed and histopathological examination of the excised tissue confirmed a cavernous haemangioma.     

Case report: Ovarian cavernous haemangioma presenting as a heavily calcified adnexal mass

Haemangioma is an extremely rare tumour of the ovary. We describe the CT and MRI findings of a heavily calcified ovarian haemangioma in a 69-year-old woman presenting with adnexal torsion. CT showed a well-circumscribed mass with extensive punctate calcifications, located posterior to the uterus. MR images showed dark signal intensities of the mass on both T(1) and T(2) weighted images, with poor enhancement of the mass on contrast-enhanced T(1) weighted images. MR images also demonstrated a beak-like protrusion from the adnexal mass, representing the adnexal torsion. This is the first case report of a heavily calcified ovarian haemangioma in the English literature. Although rare, ovarian haemangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a heavily calcified adnexal mass.     

Suprasellar cavernous haemangioma: an important differential diagnosis in the diencephalic tumours

We present three cases of suprasellar cavernous haemangioma with characteristic high-field MRI features. Clinical, CT and MRI data were retrospectively analysed. The patients had progressive neurological, endocrinological and visual complaints. In the three cases CT revealed a high-density suprasellar mass. In all cases the combination of a reticulated core of mized signal intensity with a surrounding rim of decreased signal on T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans suggested the presence of a cavernous haemangioma. Two patients underwent surgical biopsy after their first MRI examination. Cavernous haemangiomas located in the suprasellar area may show typical MRI features. Correspondence to: B. Suarez     

Radiological findings in myxoid liposarcoma of the anterior mediastinum

CT and MR findings of a rare myxoid liposarcoma involving the anterior mediastinum are reported. The mass was a low density lesion with calcific septations and some peripheral frond-like enhancement on CT. MRI showed heterogeneous intermediate to high signal intensity on T1 weighted images and high signal intensity on T2 weighted images. The signal of the mass was not suppressed on fat suppressed images.     

Paracardiac pleural Castleman disease: radiographic and MR findings

Castleman disease is a rare benign lymphoid tumour of uncertain aetiology that usually appears as a solitary mediastinal mass. We report a rare case of Castleman disease in the right paracardiac pleural space, occurring in a young woman with non-specific chest discomfort. MRI showed a well-defined, oval mass that was slightly hyperintense on T(1) weighted images, inhomogeneously hyperintense on T(2) and enhanced T(1) weighted images. The patient underwent radical tumour resection and has remained well for 8 years.     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑内与脑外海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值.方法:搜集45例颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI影像资料进行分析,MRI检查45例,CT检查30例,其中脑内型海绵状血管瘤42例,脑外型海绵状血管瘤3例,均经手术病理证实.结果:脑内型海绵状血管瘤可位于脑内任何部位,单发病灶多见,无明显占位效应,周围无或轻度水肿.CT检查的全部病例呈稍高及混杂密度影27例,增强扫描大都无强化;MRI检查T2 WI表现为"桑葚状"混杂高信号,周围有云絮状低信号环,增强后病灶仅少数轻度强化.脑外型病灶位于中颅窝鞍旁,MRI呈类似哑铃形或类圆形较均匀的稍长T1明显长T2信号,增强扫描呈明显均匀强化.结论:脑内与脑外型海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征,MRI优于CT像,特别是MRI的T2 WI像有助于明确诊断.     

脑血管畸形的MRI及MRA诊断

目的：研究脑动静脉畸形与海绵状血管瘤的ＭＲＩ及ＭＲＡ特征，评价不同的成像方法对脑血管畸形的诊断价值。材料与方法：对２１例脑动静脉畸形及６例海绵状血管瘤分别作了常规ＭＲ成像及ＭＲ血管成像，ＭＲＩ采用ＳＥＴ１和Ｔｕｒｂｏ ＳＥ Ｔ２加权序列，ＭＲＡ采用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ及３Ｄ－ＦＩＳＰ序列，６例海绵状血管瘤ＭＲＡ仅使用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ序列。所有成像以环形激化头线圈在１．０Ｔ ＭＲ仪上完成。结果：Ｔ１及Ｔ     

眼色素膜黑色素瘤的CT与MRI研究

目的研究色素膜黑色素瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现，探讨最佳ＭＲＩ的扫描序列。材料与方法１５例患者用各种ＭＲＩ序列进行扫描，其中１１例行ＣＴ扫描，并与手术病理进行对照。结果ＣＴ示９例表现为与眼外肌等密度的肿块，２例肿瘤太小未能显示。ＭＲＩ示１４例具有典型的短Ｔ１、短Ｔ２信号，１例３ｍｍ高度的虹膜黑色素瘤在Ｔ１ＷＩ上未能显示；１１例伴有视网膜脱离，呈短Ｔ１及长Ｔ２信号，与肿瘤在Ｔ１ＷＩ上很难区分。使用脂肪抑制和增强扫描的Ｔ１ＷＩ能较好地显示较小肿瘤（高度＜５ｍｍ）能区分肿瘤及其伴发的视网膜脱离。结论ＭＲＩ显示黑色素瘤的准确率和特异性较ＣＴ和Ｂ超优越。     

A case of cystadenocarcinoma of the ectopic salivary gland: comparison of pre-operative ultrasound, CT and MR images with the pathological specimen

Cystadenocarcinoma is a rare salivary gland tumour. Only a few case studies have provided pre-operative images of these tumours. This report demonstrates the case of a 28-year-old male with cystadenocarcinoma arising from an ectopic salivary gland with lymph node metastasis in the right upper neck. Ultrasound including Doppler images showed two masses with scant vascular flow. One was a hyperechoic mass enclosed within a low echoic cystic lesion and the other was a solid hypoechoic mass. Contrast enhancement CT scans demonstrated a ring enhanced mass and weakly homogeneous enhanced masses in the right upper neck. Dynamic studies showed increased enhancement in delayed phase CT that was the same as that in other malignant salivary gland tumours. Moderate to slightly high signal intensity was seen on T(1) weighted MR images and axial T(2) weighted MR images showed one heterogeneous mass in a high signal lesion and a moderate to high signal intensity mass. The authors discuss the pre-operative findings of ultrasound with Doppler imaging of this neoplasm, and CT findings including dynamic study images and MRI, comparing the findings with the post-operative pathological features of the tumour.     

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of the small bowel mesentery: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare tumor that commonly arises in the lower extremities but rarely in the mesentery. We report computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of LGFMS of the small bowel mesentery. On CT, the mass was composed of two components. One component, on its right side, appeared to have isointense attenuation relative to muscle, whereas the other component, on its left side, appeared to have low attenuation. On MRI the mass on the right side showed hypointensity similar to muscle on both T1-and T2-weighted images as well as mostly slight enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. On the other hand, the mass on the left side showed relative hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images as well as intense enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, suggesting that the tumor contained myxoid tissue. The myxoid area of LGFMS may have a tendency to reveal intense enhancement on contrast-enhanced images.     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的影像诊断

目的：分析颅内海绵状血管瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ征象，以提高对其的认识。材料和方法：经病理证实的海绵状血管瘤３２例，２６例作ＣＴ检查，３０例作ＭＲＩ检查。结果：颅内海绵状血管瘤多为单发，脑内海绵状血管瘤多于脑外。ＣＴ平扫病灶呈高密度或稍高密度，增强扫描病灶呈轻至中度强化。ＭＲＩＴ２ＷＩ常显示海绵状血管瘤核心为混杂高信号，周边有一圈环状低信号。结论：ＭＲＩ对微小病灶的显示较ＣＴ优越，ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ结合是诊断海绵状血管瘤的有效方法，能全面提供诊断资料。     

Cavernous haemangioma in the cavernous sinus: case report and review of the literature

We report a cavernous haemangioma in the left cavernous sinus. This lesions very rarely occurs in this site and is difficult to diagnose correctly preoperatively. CT, angiography and MRI permit differentiation of the cavernous haemangioma from other tumours in this region and thereby contribute to a better surgical approach. The radiological features of cavernous haemangioma reported in the literature are summarised. Received: 24 February 1999 Accepted: 1 September 2000     

MRI of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit: case report and review of the literature

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a relatively uncommon entity, an orbital location being extremely rare. A review of the literature revealed 16 reported cases of primary orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma demonstrated by plain film and CT. To the best of our knowledge, the MRI features of orbital extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma have not been previously reported. We present the case of an 18-year-old man with a 2-year history of progressive proptosis of the right eye who underwent CT, dynamic CT, MRI without and with gadolinium enhancement, and magnetic resonance angiography of the orbits. CT of orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma demonstrates a well-defined mass with multiple areas of fine and coarse calcification and shows moderate contrast enhancement. The noncalcified portions of the mass demonstrate signal intensity lower than or equal to gray matter on T1-weighted images and are isointense to the gray matter on T2-weighted images. Dynamic CT reveals delayed contrast enhancement. MRI has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis and differentiation of well-defined intraorbital masses. By a combination of CT and MRI, it appears mesenchymal chondrosarcoma can be differentiated from other intraorbital lesions, such as cavernous hemangioma, hemangiopericytoma, orbital amyloidosis and fibrous histiocytoma. Received: 29 February 1996 Accepted: 18 June 1996     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的 探讨CT和MRI对颅内海绵状血管瘤的表现和诊断价值。资料与方法 经手术病理证实的颅内海绵状血管瘤22例,其中脑内型海绵状血管瘤21例,脑外型海绵状血管瘤1例。10例行CT检查,16例行MRI检查,13例行MRA检查。结果 脑内型海绵状血管瘤可位于脑内任何部位,单发病灶多见,周围无或轻度水肿,无明显占位效应。CT平扫为稍高密度影,钙化占72．7％,增强扫描大都无强化;MR T1WI表现为桑葚状混杂高信号．周围有云絮状低信号环,增强后病灶大都无强化;MRA检查未见异常血管。脑外型病灶位于中颅窝、鞍旁,MRI呈类似哑铃形较均匀的稍长T1、长T2信号,增强扫描见明显均匀强化．MRA检查未见异常血管。结论 脑内型海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现较有特异性,结合CT和MRA可明确诊断;脑外型者易误诊,对CT和MRI表现类似的中颅窝脑膜瘤,应考虑到本病的可能。     

颅内神经元肿瘤的影像诊断

目的 探讨颅内神经元肿瘤的影像学表现,评价CT和MRI对该类肿瘤的诊断价值。方法 经手术不病理证实的神经元肿瘤10例,回顾分析其CT及MRI表现,结果 节细胞胶质瘤3例;中枢神经细胞瘤3例;胚胎发育不良性神经上上皮肿瘤（DNT）3例（7个病灶）,肿瘤外形呈脑回状或结节脑回状,2个局灶性者呈中度强化,其余无明显强化。多纤维组织性婴儿节细胞胶质瘤（DIG）1例,病灶囊变明显,可见钙化,肿瘤实体明显均匀强化,结论 部分神经元肿瘤CT及MRI表现具有一定的特征性,但仅造影像学表现作出诊断是困难的,须结合临床资料,可进一步提高该类肿瘤的诊断正确率。     

脾脏炎性假瘤的影像学表现（附三例报告）

目的 报道3例脾脏炎性假瘤的影像学表现,以提高对本病的认识。方法 复习3例脾脏炎性假瘤的超声、CT扫描和1例MRI表现,并与病理表现进行对照。结果 B超表现为单发球形病变,回声不均匀、边界清楚,其中1例见环状强回声伴后方声影。3例CT平扫见脾内边界清楚的低密度肿块,1例见周边蛋壳样环状钙化;2例作增强扫描,1例静脉期略有增强,另1例延迟扫描病变强化程度与脾实质接近;1例又作MR平扫,T1、T2WI均以低信号为主。结论 脾脏炎性假瘤应列入脾单发肿物的鉴别诊断,其影像表现与肿块内纤维组织和炎性肉芽组织的多少有关。超声表现为边界清楚、回声不均的肿块;CT增强扫描以病变延迟强化为特点;MRT2WI常以低信号为主。     

MRI and intraoperative findings in cavernous haemangiomas of the spinal cord

More sensitive imaging techniques, such as MRI, have led to an increase in the number of reported cases of spinal cord cavernous haemangioma (SCCH). Complete surgical resection has been performed with good outcomes. However, operative findings do not always confirm preoperative MRI as to the size and site (superficial or deep) of the lesion. We evaluated whether MRI can be used to predict whether or not SCCH reach the surface of the spinal cord, since this has an impact on surgical strategy. We reviewed the preoperative MRI, case-notes and video recordings of 12 patients who underwent surgery, at which five superficial and seven deep-seated lesions were identified. T1-weighted images correctly indicated the site of the lesion in ten, T2-weighted images in only eight. One deep lesion was thought to be superficial on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Intravenous contrast medium was not helpful in diagnosis or localisation. In no case was a surgically proven superficial lesion interpreted as deep in the spinal cord.     

Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the brain: a case report

We report a rare epithelioid haemangioendothelioma in the frontal lobe. The CT and MRI findings are characteristic and correspond to histological features intermediate between those a cavernous haemangioma and an aggressive vascular tumour. Received: 20 November 2000/Accepted: 10 January 2001     

Case report: A case of polypoid endometriosis: MR pathological correlation

We report a case of polypoid endometriosis and correlate the MRI findings with the pathological findings. The polypoid endometriosis appeared as multiple polypoid masses protruding into the adjacent pelvic organs, including the uterus and rectum. The masses were found to show hyperintensity on T(2) weighted images, which was similar to the signal intensity of the uterine endometrium, reflecting the presence of abundant endometrial-type glands. The masses were also surrounded by hypointense rim-like structures on T(2) weighted images. These structures were confirmed by pathology to correspond with fibrous tissues arising from endometriosis. These features, together with an intense enhancement similar to the adjacent uterus, may be a diagnostic clue to this rare entity.     

Primary angiosarcoma of the chest wall: CT and MR findings

A surgically confirmed primary angiosarcoma of the chest wall is described. CT showed a right chest wall mass projecting into the thoracic cavity from the right axilla. The tumor was a high density, inhomogeneous-density mass. Invasion to the rib was noted, and calcified foci were demonstrated. A homogenous high-density mass ventral to the chest wall mass was shown. Contrast-enhanced CT did not demonstrate any enhancement. MRI demonstrated a large heterogeneous mass on both T1-weighted images (T1WI) and T2-weighted images (T2WI). Contrast-enhanced axial T1-weighted MR images did not show any enhancement of the mass, but the homogenous mass ventral to the chest wall mass was shown. MRI demonstrated certain characteristic findings of angiosarcoma of the chest wall. Intratumoral hemorrhage with juxtaposed hematoma and aggressive invasion to the surrounding tissue suggest angiosarcoma.