老年患者大肠埃希菌分离株耐药表型及复方新诺明耐药相关基因研究

目的 了解老年患者大肠埃希菌分离株对复方新诺明(SXT)耐药相关基因的流行状况及与耐药表型的关系.方法 对20株大肠埃希菌进行耐药性分析,采用PCR法对SXT耐药相关基因(sul1、dfrA1、dfrA12和dfrA17)检则,扩增产物纯化后,基因测序分析.结果 20株大肠埃希菌中,SXT耐药19株(95.0%),3种基因sul1、dfrA12和dfrA17阳性率分别为80.0%、20.0%和65.0%,dfrA1基因为阴性,有17株检出dfrA基因(85.0%),共有18株检出sul 1和(或)dfrA基因(90.0%).结论 大肠埃希菌中dfrA基因和sul1基因同时表达或单独表达均可导致SXT耐药,在大肠埃希菌检出sul1、dfrA12和dfrA17基因均为国内首次报道.     

大肠埃希菌连续分离株耐药性与季胺类化合物耐药基因研究

目的 了解临床分离的大肠埃希菌耐药性和耐消毒剂基因存在状况.方法 测定临床连续分离60株大肠埃希菌对19种抗菌药物的敏感性及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)情况.采用聚合酶链反应检测qacE△1基因.结果 60株大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南/西司他丁、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦3种抗菌药物完全敏感,对其余16种抗菌药物耐药率在5.0%～90.0%,ESBLs检出率为45.0%;qacE△1基因阳性34株(阳性率56.7%).结论 大肠埃希菌具多药耐药特征,qacE△1基因携带率高.     

多药耐药大肠埃希菌尿液分离株插入序列遗传标记研究

目的 调查多药耐药大肠埃希菌尿液分离株中插入序列遗传标记的存在情况.方法 收集宁波市第一医院2008年10月-2009年3月住院患者尿液标本中分离的多药耐药大肠埃希菌共28株,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及序列分析的方法,分析3种插入序列遗传标记:ISEcpl、IS26、IS903.结果 28株大肠埃希菌中3种插入序列遗传标记均有检出:IS26 28株检出率为100.0％、ISEcp1 21株检出率为75.0％、IS903 7株检出率为25.0％.结论 多药耐药大肠埃希菌尿液分离株中插入序列有较高的携带率,插入序列介导各种耐药基因,使受体菌表现为多药耐药,在大肠埃希菌中检出插入序列IS903是国内首次报道.     

大肠埃希菌尿液分离株消毒剂与灭菌剂耐药基因研究

目的 了解临床尿液标本分离的60株大肠埃希菌消毒剂、灭菌剂耐药基因的存在情况.方法 收集2006年1月-2008年10月从住院患者尿液中分离出大肠埃希菌60株,应用K-B纸片扩散法检测细菌对15种抗菌药物的敏感性;应用PCR及序列分析3种消毒剂、灭菌剂耐药基因(qacE△1、tehA、merA).结果 60株大肠埃希菌除对亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢西丁、阿米卡星、庆大霉素有较高的敏感率(>70.0 %)外,对其他10种抗菌药物的敏感率均较低(<50.0%)}60株菌中42株检出qacE△1基因(70.0%),10株检出merA基因(16.7%),全部检出tehA基因,1号菌tehA基因测得序列与美国核酸库(GenBank)已登录的tehA基因序列不同,为新亚型.结论 临床尿液标分离的大肠埃希菌70.0%携带qacE△1基因,未来细菌消毒剂的耐药可能是医院感染的主要因素之一.     

老年患者感染大肠埃希菌分离株整合子、转座子遗传标记研究

目的 了解老年患者感染大肠埃希菌分离株Ⅰ类整合子遗传标记,转座子遗传标记(merA、tnpA基因)携带情况.方法 采用微量稀释法做耐药菌株的药敏试验,聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增检测int Ⅰ 1基因,转座子merA基因和tnpA基因,扩增产物纯化后基因测序.结果 大肠埃希菌对阿米卡星耐药率为60%,对复方新诺明耐药率为95%,对第三代头孢菌素耐药率为100%(均为产ESBLs菌株),且与Ⅰ类整合子的存在密切相关,int Ⅰ 1基因的阳性16株(80%),merA基因2株(10%),tnpA基因均阴性.结论 大肠埃希菌的耐药与耐药基因传递机制-整合子和转座子系统密切相关,携带Tn21/Tn501转座子的大肠埃希菌为国内首次报道.     

大肠埃希菌胆汁培养分离株ESBLs基因分型报告

目的了解深圳市人民医院来自肝胆外科胆汁培养的产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌的基因型和耐药性。方法应用PCR及DNA测序方法分别分析产酶株的TEM、SHV及CTX-M编码基因,并分析11种抗生素对产酶株的最低抑菌浓度(M IC)。结果在20株产ESBLs大肠埃希菌中,13株检出CTX-M-14基因;5株检出CTX-M-15基因,1株检出SHV-2 a基因,1株三种基因均未检出。结论该院胆汁培养分离的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的基因型主要为CTX-M-14。     

老年患者大肠埃希菌分离株对氯霉素耐药性及耐药相关基因研究

目的了解老年患者耐氯霉素大肠埃希菌基因存在状况。方法采用聚合酶链反应及序列分析20株大肠埃希菌的catB和cmlA基因。结果catB和cmlA基因的阳性率均为20％，有2株大肠埃希菌catB和cmlA基因同时阳性。结论临床分离的耐氯霉素大肠埃希菌与产生耐药基因密切相关，在大肠埃希菌中检出catB和cmlA基因均为国内首次报道。     

大肠埃希菌对β-内酰胺类药物耐药特征及分子流行病学研究

目的 调查大肠埃希菌尿液分离株中β-内酰胺酶基因、AmpC酶基因和膜孔蛋白ompC基因的存在和变异情况.方法 对宁波市第一医院2008年10月至2009年3月患者尿液样本中分离的大肠埃希菌(28株)采用PCR及序列分析的方法,分析15种β-内酰胺酶基因、6种AmpC酶基因和膜孔蛋白ompC基因.结果 28株大肠埃希菌仅...     

5株携带blaNDM-5基因大肠埃希菌临床株的分子流行特征分析

目的探讨耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物大肠埃希菌的耐药机制并对分离株的分子流行特征进行分析,为医院感染的防控提供依据。方法选取2015年5月-2016年10月住院患者标本分离的5株耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的大肠埃希菌,产金属碳青霉烯酶的筛选采用亚胺培南/EDTA复合E-test条,采用PCR方法检测菌株携带的碳青霉烯酶、超广谱β-内酰胺酶、ampC酶和喹诺酮类耐药相关基因,并测序确认类型及其亚型,脉冲场凝胶电泳技术检测分离株间的同源性,液相质粒接合试验分析质粒的转移特性。结果除了阿米卡星和氨曲南外,5株大肠埃希菌对目前测试的头孢菌素、碳青霉烯类和喹诺酮类抗菌药物都耐药,且金属酶表型实验结果都呈现阳性;5株大肠埃希菌携带不同的耐药基因,但都携带blaNDM-5和blaTEM-1基因;脉冲场凝胶电泳显示5株大肠埃希菌的脉冲带型不一致,没有呈现克隆聚集性;质粒接合试验没有显示5株大肠埃希菌临床株(供体菌)将携带blaNDM-5的质粒转移到大肠埃希菌J53AziR(受体菌)。结论研究结果表明本地区存在携带blaNDM-5基因的大肠埃希菌的流行,但没有呈现克隆聚集暴发性,为预防和控制医院感染的暴发,必须重视和加强对耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物肠杆菌的监测。     

老年病区大肠埃希菌分离株消毒剂-磺胺耐药基因携带的研究

目的 了解老年病区大肠埃希菌分离株消毒剂-磺胺耐药基因的存在和耐药性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应技术与稀释法对大肠埃希菌分离株消毒剂-磺胺耐药基因和药敏进行了检测.结果 该医院老年病区患者标本中分离的30株大肠埃希菌检测出携带消毒剂-磺胺耐药基因21株,检出率70.0%.结论 该医院老年病区分离的大肠埃希菌临床株消毒剂-磺胺耐药基因检出率较高,多数对临床常用抗菌药物耐药,提出临床抗药菌株可能同时对消毒剂存在抗性,应引起我国医院消毒界的广泛重视.     

Identification of picobirnavirus from faeces of Italian children suffering from acute diarrhea

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of nucleic acid extracted from stool samples of diarrhoeic children revealed in 3 out of 690 (0.43 %) specimens two electrophoretic bands with a migration pattern characteristic of picobirnavirus ds-RNA. In none of the 92 control children were similar bands detected. No other potential enteric pathogens were found in the patients with picobirnavirus infection.     

Demographics of disenrollment from SCHIP: evidence from NJ KidCare

The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) provides health insurance coverage for children in low-income families. Although there is evidence of substantial disenrollment from SCHIP, few studies have examined how disenrollment varies by demographic characteristics. This study uses data from administrative records of all 41,881 children enrolled prior to April 2000 in NJ KidCare (New Jersey's SCHIP) separate state plans for families with incomes between 133% and 350% of the Federal Poverty Level. Survival methods were used to analyze disenrollment according to demographic and plan characteristics. Reasons for disenrollment were also studied. Overall, 18.9% of children disenrolled within 12 months of enrollment. Disenrollment was higher among non-Hispanic black children, children aged 1 to 5, and children without siblings in NJ KidCare than among their counterparts. Surprisingly, English speakers had the highest disenrollment rate of all language groups. Children in families with moderate income categories for whom premium contributions were required were 3 times as likely as lower-income children to disenroll, principally due to non-payment of premiums. To maximize retention in SCHIP and ensure access to care and continuity of care for low-income children, research is needed concerning why some groups disenroll more quickly.     

Absorption of calcium from tortilla meals prepared from low-phytate maize

BACKGROUND: Calcium fortification of maize has been achieved for millennia in Central America by the process of nixtamalization. Bioavailability of calcium is, however, compromised by phytate, which is present in large quantities in maize kernels and is only modestly reduced by nixtamalization. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare the absorption of calcium from tortilla meals prepared from low-phytate maize with that from meals prepared from maize with typical phytate content. DESIGN: At 1-mo intervals, 5 healthy adult women were fed 2 test meals of approximately 140 g tortillas in lieu of breakfast. On one occasion, the tortillas were prepared from maize with approximately 60% phytate reduction, and, on the other occasion, they were prepared from the matching isohybrid wild-type maize. Beginning midway through the test meal, (44)Ca (0.3 mg/kg body wt) was administered in water as an extrinsic label; (42)Ca (0.06 mg/kg body wt) was administered intravenously immediately after the test meal. Isotope ratios of (42)Ca to (43)Ca and of (44)Ca to (43)Ca were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in urine collected as an 8-h pool from the period 16-24 h after intravenous tracer administration and prepared by the oxalate precipitation method. Fractional absorption of calcium was determined by using a dual-isotope ratio technique. RESULTS: Mean fractional absorption of calcium from tortillas prepared from the low-phytate maize (0.50 +/- 0.03) was significantly (P = 0.003) greater than that from tortillas prepared from the control maize (0.35 +/- 0.07). CONCLUSION: The increase in the quantity of calcium absorbed could be of practical importance for calcium nutriture when the intake of dairy products is limited.     

Comparison of influenza viruses isolated from man and from whales.

Four isolates of influenza virus strains from Moscow and Habarovsk that caused outbreaks of influenza in November and December 1977 in several cities of the USSR were studied and their haemagglutinins and neuraminidases were compared with those of other human and animal influenza viruses including A/whale/Pacific Ocean/76. In H1 tests these isolates, designated A/USSR/77, reacted with immune serum against A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) to the homologous titre, and with antiserum against A/whale/PO/19/76 virus to 1/8 of the homologous titre. In neuraminidase inhibition tests all A/USSR/77 isolates showed the presence of human N1 type neuraminidase, more closely related to A/sw/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1) than to A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) virus. The haemagglutinin of A/whale/Pacific Ocean/19/76 virus occupies an intermediate position between H0 and H1, but its neuraminidase is close to Nav2. The virus from whales multiplies better at low (28°C) and at high (40°C) temperatures than do the viruses of human origin that were tested.