超声心动图及多普勒超声探测非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者左室功能

应用超声心图及多普勒超声检测１０３例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者和５１例健康人左心室功能和结构参数。结果：各组ＮＩＤＤＭ患者左室舒张功能均有异常，收缩功能障碍仅见于伴大血管病变者。与正常人比较，糖尿病患者ＰＶＡ和ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＥ升高，ＰＶＥ和ＭＥＦ降低；ＬＶＳＴ、ＬＶＰＷＴ、ＬＶＭ和ＬＶＭＩ增加；伴大血管变者ＳＶ、ＣＯ及ＥＦ均减少。结论：ＮＩＤＤＭ患者常见左室功能障碍，甚至可见于无血管并发     

缺血性心肌病左室重构变化的超声研究

目的 应用二维多普勒超声心动图（２ＤＤＥ）评价缺血性心肌病（ＩＣＭ）患者左室重构（ＬＶＲ）的病理生理改变。方法 用２ＤＤＥ对５６例ＩＣＭ患者ＬＶＲ的病理生理改变引进了研究,另有５０例正常对照者。指标包括左室舒张末期直径（ＬＶＤＤ）、左室舒张末期容积（ＬＶＥＤＶ）、左室收缩末期容积（ＬＶＥＳＶ）、左室收缩末期室壁应力（ＥＳＳ）、左室射血分数（ＥＦ）、左室峰值充盈率（ＰＦＲ）、峰值流速Ａ（ＰＶＡ）、峰     

尿毒症心脏病变的超声心动图及多普勒研究

目的：探讨超声心动图及多普勒在尿毒症患者所致心脏病变的诊断中的应用价值。方法：本文选用３０例超声心动图及多普勒资料完整的病例作为病例组并随机抽取正常人３０例作为对照组。结果：尿毒症组与对照组各测值统计学处理，差异显著。左室腔明显扩大，左室心肌重量和左空心肌重量指数明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），左室收缩功能ＥＦ与ＦＳ无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），反映泵血功能的ＳＶ、ＥＳＶ、ＥＤＶ和ＣＯ增高（Ｐ＜０．０５－Ｐ＜０．０１）；反映左室舒张功能的二尖瓣血流频谱Ａ峰、ＡＩ、Ｅ／Ａ和 ＩＶＲＴ均有增大（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５－ Ｐ＜ ０．０１），肺静脉血流频谱 Ｄ波、ＤＩ和 ＲＦＩ明显减少， Ｓ／Ｄ ＡＲ和 ＡＲＤ均有明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），左室舒张功能下降明显。结论：超声心动图与多普勒在尿毒症患者心脏病变的检查诊断中有极高的应用价值。     

冠状动脉病变支数对二维和三维超声心动图左室功能测量准确性的影响

为了探讨冠状动脉病变支数对二维（２ＤＥ）和三维超声心动图（３ＤＥ）左室功能测量结果的影响，应用多平面经食管３ＤＥ技术测量了９例冠状动脉单支血管病变患者（Ａ组）及１１例多支血管病变患者（Ｂ组）的左室舒张末期容量（ＥＤＶ）、收缩末期容量（ＥＳＶ）、心搏量（ＳＶ）及射血分数（ＥＦ），并与２ＤＥ及左室造影（ＬＶＡ）的测值进行了对比，结果显示：①在Ａ、Ｂ两组患者中２ＤＥ测量的ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ、ＳＶ及ＥＦ与ＬＶＡ相应测值仅呈中度相关，３ＤＥ则均呈高度相关，且３ＤＥ所测ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ对左室造影结果的低估程度仅为２ＤＥ方法的一半；②在Ａ、Ｂ两组患者中，２ＤＥ所测ＥＦ均高于左室造影结果（Ｐ＜０．０１），３ＤＥ所测ＥＦ则与左室造影测值无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。③Ｂ组患者的ＥＦ用２ＤＥ、３ＤＥ及ＬＶＡ三种方法测量均较Ａ组患者明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＥＤＶ则显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

多普勒超声心动图对尿毒症患者血液透析前后左室肥厚及心功？…

探讨尿症患者血透析前后左室肥厚及心功能改变。方法：应用多普勒超声心动图测量３７例尿毒症并发左室肥厚患者血液透析前后ＩＣＳＴ、ＬＶＰＷＴ、ＬＶＭＩ、ＥＦ、ＦＳ、ＬＡ、Ｅ、Ａ、Ｅ／Ａ。结果透析后ＩＶＳＴ、ＬＶＭＩ、ＬＶＰＷＲ、ＬＡ、ＤＣＴ明显减少,ＰＳ、ＥＦ、Ｅ、Ｅ／Ａ明显提高。结论透析后左室肥厚明显减轻,心功能明显改善。     

冠心病患者血浆心钠素水平与左房功能变化的相关性分析研究

目的探讨冠心病患者血浆心钠素（ＡＮＦ）与左房血流动力学变化的关系。方法应用超声心动图技术和放射性免疫测定法，对１０６例冠心病患者左房血流动力学变化与ＡＮＦ水平进行相关性分析。结果心绞痛组、心肌梗塞组及缺血性心肌病组的ＡＮＦ水平显著高于正常对照组；并与左房功能指标ＬＡＶ、ＬＡＴ、ＬＡＰ、ＬＡＤ、ＬＡＳＶ和ＬＡＥＦ呈高中度线性相关意义；与左室收缩及舒张功能指标：ＬＶＥＦ、ＬＶＤ、ＰＦＲ、Ａ峰、Ａ／Ｅ呈中度线性相关意义（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。结论测定ＡＮＦ水平对于评价左房室功能异常变化有重要意义。     

超声心动图评价房间隔缺损患者左心室收缩功能

用超声心动图检测２８例继发孔型房间隔缺损（ＡＳＤ）患者及４０例正常人左心室收缩功能（ＬＶＳＦ）。结果表明：ＡＳＤ患者左室射血分值（ＬＶＥＦ）、短轴缩短分数（ＬＶＦＳ）、每搏量（ＳＶ）、心输出量（ＣＯ）、主动脉瓣口血流速度（ＡＶ）、速度时间积分（ＡＶＩ）均较正常人明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１～０．０５），左室射血前期（ＬＰＥＰ）延长（Ｐ＜０．０１）、射血时间（ＬＶＥＴ）缩短（Ｐ＜０．０５）、ＬＰＥＰ／ＬＶＥＴ增大（Ｐ＜０．０１），且ＬＶＥＦ、ＬＶＦＳ、ＳＶ、ＣＯ、ＡＶ、ＡＶＩ与肺／体循环量比值（Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ）呈中度负相关（ｒ＝－０．３９～－０．７８，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论认为：ＡＳＤ患者ＬＶＳＦ存在一定程度的减退，并推测其机理可能与ＡＳＤ患者因右室容量超荷所致的左室扩张性降低、舒张末容积减小、室间隔运动异常及左室几何形态改变等有关     

冠状动脉病变支数对二维和三维超声心动图左室功能测量准确性 …

为了探讨冠状动脉病变支数对二维（２ＤＥ）和三维超声心动图（３ＤＥ）左室功能测量的影，应用多平面经食管３ＤＥ技术测量了９例冠状动脉单支血管病变患者（Ａ组）及１１例多支血管病变患者（Ｂ组）的左室舒张末期容量（ＥＤＶ）、收缩末期容量（ＥＳＶ）、心搏量（ＳＶ）及射血分数（ＥＦ），并与２ＤＥ及左室造影（ＬＶＡ）的测值进行了对比，结果显示：（１）在Ａ、Ｂ两组患者中２ＤＥ测量的ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ、ＳＶ及ＥＦ与ＬＶＡ     

心电图指数与超声心动图左房功能参数的相关性分析

应用二维多普勒超声心动图和常规心电图对６４例高血压和冠心病患者的心功能进行分析研究，旨在探讨心电图ＰｔｆＶ１及Ｍａｃｒｕｚ指数与超声心动图左房室功能指标的相关性。结果发现心电图ＰｔｆＶ１和Ｍａｃｒｕｚ指数与左房功能指标ＬＡＤ、ＬＡＶ、ＬＡＰ和ＬＡＴ有显著线性相关意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），与左室舒张功能指标Ａ峰、Ａ／Ｅ比值、ＰＦＲ及ＮＰＦＲ呈轻度线性相关意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论认为对于心功能正常的高血压和冠心病患者，当心电图左房指标异常时，进一步结合超声心动图检查将有助于早期确定是否存在左室舒张功能不全，同时对全面客观地评价左房功能变化程度有重要意义。     

多普勒超声心动图检测肺静脉及二尖瓣血流评价左室舒张功能

目的　探讨经胸多普勒超声心动图检测肺静脉血流频谱（ＰＶＦＰ）及二尖瓣血流频谱（ＭＶＦＰ） 的变化无创评价左室舒张功能的价值。方法　选择４０ 岁以上的无心脏疾患者３０ 例为对照组;高血压病左房不大组３０ 例;冠心病左房不大组３０ 例;高血压或冠心病左房扩大组３０ 例共１２０ 例为研究对象。使用经胸多普勒超声心动图记录肺静脉及二尖瓣血流频谱,观察各组病人肺静脉及二尖瓣血流速度的变化和左室舒张功能的关系。结果　高血压或冠心病左房不大组与对照组比较,ＭＶＦＰ 中Ｅ 峰速度减低,Ｅ 峰减速时间延长,Ａ 峰速度增高,Ｅ／Ａ 比值减低。ＰＶＦＰ中Ｓ峰速度增快,ＳＦ增大,二组之间有明显差异（ Ｐ＜ ００１） ;高血压或冠心病左房扩大组与对照组比较ＰＶＦＰ中Ｓ峰速度减低,ＳＦ减低,ＰＡ 速度增快、间期延长,ＰＡｄ ＞ Ａｄ（ Ｐ＜ ００１） ,而ＭＶＦＰ除ＥＤＴ 缩短以外,Ｅ、Ａ 峰速度、Ｅ／Ａ 比值二者近似（ Ｐ＞ ００５） 。结论　超声心动图记录肺静脉及二尖瓣血流变化能够较全面地评价左室舒张功能。     

高频超声评价2型糖尿病颈动脉内膜-中层厚度与心血管病变的相关性

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声在评价2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)与心血管病变相关性中的应用价值。方法对31例健康人(组1)及54例2型糖尿病患者,分为无高血压病、无冠心病者(组2,32例),合并高血压组(组3,12例),合并冠心病组(组4,10例),采用高频超声分别测定颈总动脉主干、壶腹部、颈内动脉IMT最大值(IMTmax)及平均值(IMTmean,为3次测量的均值),以颈总动脉后壁IMT平均值作为评定指标。在禁食12～14h后采各组静脉血,测定空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素(Fin)、总胆固醇(TCh)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(GHb),并计算体重指数(BMI)、腰臀围比值(WHR),测量收缩压(SDP)及舒张压(DBP),并对各组检测结果行统计学处理分析。结果糖尿病患者颈总动脉IMT大于正常对照组(P<0.05),合并冠心病、高血压组较非合并组有更高IMT值及动脉硬化斑块数(P<0.05)。多元回归分析结果显示,年龄及DBP是2型糖尿病患者IMT值的独立危险因素。结论高频彩色多普勒超声可有效测量糖尿病患者颈总动脉IMT值或斑块数,尤其是在2型糖尿病合并心血管病变时应用价值更大。     

Striking effect of left ventricular systolic performance on propagation velocity of left ventricular early diastolic filling flow.

Propagation velocity of left ventricular (LV) early diastolic filling flow (PVE) has been acknowledged as a useful parameter for LV early diastolic performance; however, the effect of LV systolic performance on PVE is not fully understood. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate such an effect. Propagation of LV early diastolic filling flow was visualized by M-mode color Doppler imaging, and the slopes of the peak velocity tracings were measured as PVE in 150 patients who underwent coronary angiography. In cardiac catheterization, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, time constant tau of LV pressure decay, LV end-systolic volume index, and LV ejection fraction were obtained. In univariate regression analysis, PVE significantly correlated with LV end-systolic volume index (r = -0.68, P <.001), LV ejection fraction (r = 0.66, P <.001), and time constant tau (r = -0.52, P <.001). In multivariate regression analysis, PVE was regressed by the LV end-systolic volume index, tau, and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. The contribution of each parameter to the variance of the PVE was 46%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. A break-point linear regression analysis showed that the relation between the LV end-systolic volume index and PVE was much better characterized by a broken line than a straight line. The broken line had a steeper slope in patients with LV end-systolic volume index < or =41 mL/m(2) than in those with >41 mL/m(2). These findings suggest that PVE is determined mainly by LV systolic performance and partly by both LV relaxation and LV filling pressure. Left ventricular systolic performance may play a key role in generating a much faster PVE, especially in patients with relatively better LV systolic performance.     

Diminished B cell secretory capacity in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

In order to assess whether patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) possess normal insulin secretory capacity, maximal B cell responsiveness to the potentiating effects of glucose was estimated in eight untreated patients with NIDDM and in eight nondiabetic controls. The acute insulin response to 5 g intravenous arginine was measured at five matched plasma glucose levels that ranged from approximately 100-615 mg/dl. The upper asymptote approached by acute insulin responses (AIRmax) and the plasma glucose concentration at half-maximal responsiveness (PG50) were estimated using nonlinear regression to fit a modification of the Michaelis-Menten equation. In addition, glucagon responses to arginine were measured at these same glucose levels to compare maximal A cell suppression by hyperglycemia in diabetics and controls. Insulin responses to arginine were lower in diabetics than in controls at all matched glucose levels (P less than 0.001 at all levels). In addition, estimated AIRmax was much lower in diabetics than in controls (83 +/- 21 vs. 450 +/- 93 microU/ml, P less than 0.01). In contrast, PG50 was similar in diabetics and controls (234 +/- 28 vs. 197 +/- 20 mg/dl, P equals NS) and insulin responses in both groups approached or attained maxima at a glucose level of approximately 460 mg/dl. Acute glucagon responses to arginine in patients with NIDDM were significantly higher than responses in controls at all glucose levels. In addition, although glucagon responses in control subjects reached a minimum at a glucose level of approximately 460 mg/dl, responses in diabetics declined continuously throughout the glucose range and did not reach a minimum. Thus, A cell sensitivity to changes in glucose level may be diminished in patients with NIDDM. In summary, patients with NIDDM possess markedly decreased maximal insulin responsiveness to the potentiating effects of glucose. Such a defect indicates the presence of a reduced B cell secretory capacity and suggests a marked generalized impairment of B cell function in patients with NIDDM.     

Concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with clinically well-controlled insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes

The triglyceride and cholesterol content of total, very-low-, intermediate-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins, and of apolipoproteins (apo) Al, All, B, Cll, Clll, and E were determined in plasma from 107 patients with clinically well-controlled diabetes and from 66 age- and weight-matched healthy normal subjects. The diabetic patients were separated into two groups: those with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type 1, n = 24) and those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type 2, n = 83). The latter group contained two subgroups: those treated by diet (type 2d, n = 42) or by insulin (type 2i, n = 41). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased in IDDM patients, and decreased in NIDDM patients relative to control subjects. Mean apo Al values in IDDM patients were higher than in their respective controls and in NIDDM patients. Concentrations of apo B, Clll, and E were higher in all diabetic patients than in the healthy controls, but those of apo Cll did not differ statistically between diabetics and nondiabetics. Although total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were apparently near normal values in patients with good glycemic control, we found a persistent increase of intermediate-density lipoproteins (remnants) in all the diabetic groups studied. This factor may be related to the perceived increased cardiovascular risk in these individuals.     

组织多普勒评价室壁肥厚与左室局部及整体舒张功能的关系

目的　应用脉冲组织多普勒( TDI)技术分析左室肥厚( L VH)患者局部室壁厚度、室壁不对称性与左室局部及整体舒张功能间的相关关系。方法　左室肥厚患者4 2例,包括肥厚型心肌病( HCM) 1 6例和高血压性心脏病( HHD)左室肥厚2 6例;正常对照( NC) 2 0例。二维超声测量并计算左室8个节段室壁厚度( r WT)、总厚度( t WT)及室壁不对称指数( CVw) ;TDI测量8个心肌节段的舒张期运动速度比( r E/ A)和等容舒张时间( r IVRT) ;另外分别应用TDI和脉冲波多普勒测量二尖瓣环和二尖瓣口的舒张期参数m E/ A、m IVRT和PVE/ PVE,IVRT作为整体舒张功能指标。结果　( 1 ) L VH者室壁总厚度及其不对称指数、局部等容舒张时间及其舒张不同步性均高于NC组;( 2 )室壁肥厚的程度及其不对称性与左室整体舒张功能相关( r值的绝对值0 .1 8～0 .4 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;( 3 )局部r WT与r E/ A、r IVRT相关( r值- 0 .4 6 ,0 .4 1 ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　肥厚型心肌病和高血压性心肌肥厚患者的局部室壁肥厚程度与左室局部舒张功能减低及等容舒张期延长有关;左室壁不对称性肥厚通过影响左室局部心肌早期舒张的速度和同步性间接导致左室整体早期充盈异常;TDI技术用于非创伤性评价左室局部及整体舒张功能有一定价值     

多普勒超声心动图充盈分数法对糖尿病患者左室舒张功能的评价

应用多普勒超声心动图二尖瓣舒张期血流速度积分(FVi)及前(3/1)、(2/1)时间充盈分数(1/3TFF、(1/2)TFF)法,检测46例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)和30例正常查体者左室舒张功能。结果:NIDDM全组FVI减低,但无显著性差异,前(1/3)TFF相差非常显著;(1/2)TFF相差显著,NIDDM伴合并症组FVI、(1/2)TFF相差显著、(1/3)TFF相差非常显著,无合并症组前(1/3)TFF相差显著、FVI及(1/2)TFF无显著性差异。结论:NIDDM伴合并症组心肌舒张功能严重受损,应视为糖尿病性心肌病,无合并症组仅早期主动舒张功能减退,心肌代偿好,可视为临床前期心肌损害。多普勒超声心动图充盈分数法可用于糖尿病友室舒张功能的评价及糖尿病性心肌病的筛选。     

不同脉压值的糖尿病患者左心室功能改变及心律失常发生率

目的　探讨糖尿病患者脉压变化的原因及不同脉压值的糖尿病患者心脏合并症变化。方法　采用 2 4h动态心电图和血压监护仪同步监测 10 8例糖尿病患者的心率和血压变化 ,用彩色多谱勒超声心动图仪测定左心室功能和结构参数。结果　随脉压增大 ,糖尿病患者的舒张期二尖瓣口血流频谱A峰与E峰峰值流速比 (PVA/PVE)、室间隔厚度 (IVSTd)、左心室后壁厚度 (LVPWTd)、IVSTd/LVPWTd、左心室重量指数 (LVMI)均增加 ,二尖瓣前叶活动斜率 (MEF)降低 ;严重的心律失常如Lown≥Ⅲ级的室性心律失常及短阵房性心动过速、房颤的发生率也明显增加。结论　脉压增大的糖尿病患者心脏受累严重。     

The relationship between heart rate variability and left ventricular layer-specific deformation in uncomplicated diabetic patients

The aim of this study was to investigate heart rate variability (HRV) and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in uncomplicated diabetic patients. Furthermore, we sought to investigate the association between HRV indices and LV structural, functional and mechanical parameters. This cross-sectional study included 50 uncomplicated patients with type 2 diabetes and 40 healthy controls without cardiovascular risk factors. All study subjects underwent 24-h Holter monitoring, laboratory analyses and complete two-dimensional echocardiography examination (2DE). LV structure and diastolic function were significantly deteriorated in the diabetic patients comparing with the controls. LV global longitudinal, circumferential and radial strains were significantly reduced in the diabetic group. LV endocardial, mid-miocardial and epicardial longitudinal and circumferential strains were significantly decreased, whereas LV twist was significantly increased, in the diabetic patients; 24-h, daytime and nighttime heart rates were higher in the diabetic patients. All parameters of time and frequency domain of HRV were reduced in the diabetic subjects. LV mass index, mitral E/e′ ratio and 2DE LV endocardial and mid-miocardial longitudinal and circumferential strains correlated with HRV parameters. A multivariate regression analysis showed that E/e′ ratio and 2DE LV layer-specific strains were associated with HRV parameters independently of age, BMI, systolic blood pressure and LV mass index. HRV and LV mechanics are significantly deteriorated in uncomplicated diabetic individuals. Parameters of LV remodeling are independently associated with HRV indices, which could indicate the importance of HRV determination in diabetics.     

QTVI对高血压心脏病患者左心室舒张功能的评价

目的　探讨定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术评价原发性高血压性心脏病患者左心室心肌舒张功能的价值。方法　应用QTVI获取2 5例正常人和4 7例原发性高血压心脏病患者左室长轴方向左室前壁(aw)、后壁(pw)、下壁(iw)、侧壁(lw)及前间隔(as)和后间隔(ps)的心肌多普勒速度曲线,分别比较舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)、左房收缩速度(Va)和舒张后期正向波速度(Vev)。结果　对照组的组织多普勒曲线舒张期表现为有规律的负向波e、a ,并且负向波的峰值速度Ve >Va。在e、a之间是小的舒张后期正向波ev,Vev在侧壁、前壁和后壁大于室间隔。高血压向心性肥厚组的组织多普勒曲线失去此规律,各个室壁的Ve较对照组均减小,差别显著(P <0 . 0 1)。Vev在侧壁、前壁和后壁较对照组减小也有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 )。Va与对照组比较差异没有统计学意义(P >0 . 0 5 )。结论　QTVI定量评价高血压心脏病患者左心室心肌舒张功能具有客观、便捷等优点,为临床判断病情及预后提供有效参考。     

Prevalence of hypertension in diabetes mellitus--its relation to diabetic nephropathy

The prevalence of hypertension was studied in 374 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in 1197 non-diabetic controls. The diagnosis of hypertension was made when the mean systolic pressure of three measurements on different occasions was 151 mmHg or greater, or the mean diastolic pressure was 91 mmHg or greater. The prevalence was 42.8% in the diabetics and 17.8% in the controls. It showed a significant difference over age 31 (p less than 0.05). Proteinuria (p less than 0.001), abnormal ECG (p less than 0.01), hyperlipidemia (p less than 0.05) and hypertensive or sclerotic changes of the retina (p less than 0.001) were more frequently observed in the diabetics than in the controls. Hypertension was found in 71% of those with proteinuria, 48% with diabetic retinopathy, 61% with abnormal ECG and 54% with hyperlipidemia in the diabetics. The incidence of proteinuria was 22.8% in the diabetic hypertensives and was 8.3% in the non-diabetic hypertensives (p less than 0.001). 24 subjects out of 119 diabetics, who were normotensive at their initial visits, became hypertensive within 10 years (N-H), and 95 remained normotensive (N-N). 38% of N-H showed proteinuria already on their initial examinations and 3% of N-N did. 73% of those who showed proteinuria on their initial examination became hypertensive and 13% of those who were free from proteinuria did (p less than 0.001). The results suggest that diabetic nephropathy plays an important role in developing hypertension in diabetics.