Very late stent thrombosis in late stent malapposition after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation

Late stent malapposition (LSM) has been demonstrated to be more common after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation than after bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation. To date, this unusual intravascular ultrasonic finding after DES implantation, however, has not received enough attention, because previous studies suggested few adverse clinical sequelae from LSM. We present a case of angiographically-confirmed very late stent thrombosis (ST) in LSM after elective implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents. In this 32-year-old male patient, very late ST occurred at 29 months after DES implantation and at 20 months after the identification of LSM. Although this patient had received sufficient dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel for more than 1 year, he suffered from ST shortly after the discontinuation of clopidogrel. Thus, patients with LSM may pose a significant risk for very late ST after discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy. The findings suggest that dual antiplatelet therapy should be further prolonged in patients with LSM.     

Simultaneous subacute stent thrombosis after implantation of sirolimus-eluting stent and bare-metal stent

Simultaneous multivessel stent thrombosis is a rare, but can cause catastrophic clinical results. We report a case occurred ST simultaneously in DES and BMS. Our case demonstrated that the use of multiple stents, irrespective of stent type, in multiple coronary artery lesions should be undertaken with great attention in the patient who has multiple adverse clinical predictors such as AMI.     

金属裸支架内迟发晚期血栓介入治疗后再发支架内血栓一例

患者男,63岁.2000年2月1日因胸闷胸痛5 h至我院急诊,心电图示V1～V3呈rS型伴sT段抬高0.2 mV,拟诊"急性前壁心肌梗死"行急诊冠状动脉造影,术中见前降支近段完全闭塞,2.5 mm×20.0 mm球囊607.95 kPa(6个大气压)扩张20 s后置入3.5 mm×15.0 mm金属裸支架,1013.25 kPa(10个大气压)扩张15 s,复查造影完全覆盖病变,无残余狭窄,远段血流TIMI 3级;术中曾发生含碘造影剂过敏反应,静脉推注地塞米松后症状消失.     

药物洗脱支架与晚期支架血栓形成

药物洗脱支架(DES)的临床应用是继单纯球囊扩张术、裸金属支架置入术后,冠心病介入治疗发展史上的第3个里程碑,它似乎成为了跨越血管再狭窄历史长河的诺亚方舟,使"告别再狭窄"的梦想得以实现.然而随着时间的推移,发现DES并不完美,尤其是晚期支架血栓形成(LST)问题成为目前人们关注的焦点.     

Sirolimus-eluting stent implantation outside a previous stent

With device improvements, more total occlusions have been crossed with a guidewire and balloon. However, true intraluminal/intrastent passage is not always accessed, which is not apparent on coronary angiography. In this study, using intravascular ultrasound as well as computed tomography, we demonstrated a crushed stent previously implanted outside the sirolimus-eluting stent, which resulted from subintimal (outside the stent) passage of a guidewire.     

晚期获得性支架贴壁不良研究进展

药物洗脱支架可大大降低支架置入术后再狭窄的发生,因而被誉为介入心脏病学史上"第三个里程碑".但随其广泛使用,相关问题随之浮现.支架贴壁不良[1](stent malapposition,SM)是指在支架置入术后,至少有1处或以上的支架梁与动脉管壁内膜未能完全贴合(非覆盖于边支的支架),而且在支架梁后存在血流.     

药物洗脱支架年代支架内血栓再评估

药物洗脱支架(DES)的应用,显著降低冠心病介入治疗术后的再狭窄发生率,并改善了患者的预后.本文对DES治疗的安全性与效价比、持续性、有效性等进行评估,针对现有DES可能面临的安全性顾虑,提出应进一步改进现有DES的方向,积极开发第二代DES,提高和完善冠心病介入治疗的效果.     

Late angiographic stent thrombosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation.

BACKGROUND: Although drug-eluting stents dramatically reduce revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it is still unclear whether they increase the risk of stent thrombosis. Late stent thrombosis (>30 days) was a very rare complication after bare metal stent implantation. Four cases of confirmed late angiographic stent thrombosis (LAST) after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation are presented and the incidence, promoting factors and outcomes of such cases in Japan, where clopidogrel has not been approved, are described. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between September 2004 and March 2006, 725 patients underwent PCI with SES implantation and 679 patients (94%) were clinically followed up (median 271 days). There were 4 cases (0.6%) of LAST (at 60, 180, 215, and 508 days, respectively) after elective SES implantation resulting in myocardial infarction. Three cases occurred soon after antiplatelet therapy discontinuation 3 patients died after LAST events. The incidence of LAST was 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: LAST is a rare complication, even after SES implantation, at least in patients with appropriate antiplatelet therapy. However, as it can lead to fatal complications, it must be taken into account, especially when antiplatelet therapy is discontinued.     

药物洗脱支架断裂的影像认识

目的借助冠状动脉造影和血管内超声的影像资料,确定支架断裂的发生和类型。方法回顾性分析北京大学人民医院2 021例冠状动脉造影和183例血管内超声（IVUS）影像资料。结果共发现3例患者的6处支架断裂,其中2例经IVUS证实。3例支架断裂均发生在西罗莫司药物洗脱支架,且均发生在冠状动脉介入术后1年以内。冠状动脉造影证实4处支架断裂为完全断裂伴断裂处支架移位。IVUS证实3处支架断裂为完全断裂,2处为部分断裂;1处断裂靠近支架重叠处;1处支架断裂伴有血管瘤形成。结论冠状动脉造影和IVUS可以帮助确定支架断裂的诊断。     

Direct stent implantation without predilatation using the multilink stent

The standard coronary stent implantation technique requires routine predilatation of the target lesion with a balloon catheter. In this study, we prospectively studied the feasibility and efficiency of elective coronary stent implantation without predilatation. In 94 patients who presented with various ischemic syndromes, direct implantation of 100 balloon expandable ACS MultiLink stents (7 over-the-wire, 93 rapid exchange) was attempted in 100 coronary lesions selected to have favorable characteristics. The stent crossed the lesion without predilatation in 97 cases (97%) and was successfully deployed in 93 (95.8%). In 4 patients, adjunctive high-pressure postdilatation was necessary to achieve optimal stent expansion. Reference vessel diameter was 3.12 ± 0.77 mm and lesion length 8.8 ± 2.7 mm. Minimal luminal diameter increased from 0.95 ± 0.38 mm to 2.98 ± 0.28 mm and diameter stenosis decreased from 71 ± 11% to 8 ± 11% after stenting. One occlusive dissection was treated by a second stent. There were no major in-hospital complications. At 1 month follow-up, 1 subacute thrombotic occlusion occurred. These results indicate that in a carefully selected coronary lesion subset, elective stent implantation without predilatation can be safely and effectively performed. The long-term results of this approach and possible advantages over the conventional implantation techniques remain unclear and need to be evaluated in further clinical studies.     

Very late stent fracture associated with a sirolimus-eluting stent

Late stent thrombosis (>1 year after implantation) is a recognised complication involving drug-eluting stents. Stent fracture is increasingly being reported as a complication of drug-eluting stent, and in particular sirolimus-eluting stent use. We report the case of very late sirolimus-eluting stent fracture resulting in an acute coronary syndrome. This case report highlights the need for greater awareness and post-marketing surveillance to detect a potential mechanism for late stent thrombosis in the drug-eluting stent era.