己酮可可碱对内毒素肺损伤大鼠炎性细胞因子变化的干预作用

目的　观察内毒素性肺损伤大鼠肺组织及外周血炎性细胞因子的变化 ,探讨己酮可可碱 (pentoxifylline ,PTX)的干预作用。方法　 72只雄性Wistar大鼠分为 :①内毒素 1h组 (n =6) ,②内毒素 2h组 (n =6) ,③内毒素 4h组 (n =6) ,④内毒素 6h组 (n =12 ) ,⑤生理盐水对照组 (n =12 ) ,⑥PTX 1h组 (n =6) ,⑦PTX 2h组 (n =6) ,⑧PTX 4h组 (n =6) ,⑨PTX 6h组(n =12 )。采用静脉注射LPS的方法复制内毒素性肺损伤模型 ,PTX组致伤后立即静脉注射PTX 2 0mg/kg ,并以 6mg·kg-1 ·h-1 维持。各组动物于设定的时相点放血活杀 ,用ELISA法或胸腺细胞增殖法测定血清TNF α、IL 6、IL 8含量及IL 1活性 ;斑点杂交检测肺组织中TNF α、IL 1β、IL 6、IL 8mRNA表达。 结果　①内毒素致伤后各组肺组织内TNF α、IL 1β、IL 6、IL 8mRNA的表达强度 ,均非常显著高于生理盐水对照组 (P <0 0 1)。PTX治疗后 ,内毒素致伤大鼠肺组织内TNF α、IL 1β、IL 6、IL 8mRNA的相对含量较未接受PTX治疗大鼠有一定程度的减少。②内毒素致伤后各组血清中TNF α、IL 1、IL 6、IL 8含量或活性均非常明显高于生理盐水对照组 (P <0 0 1)。PTX 6h组血清中TNF α、IL 1、IL 6、IL 8含量或活性 ,明显低于内毒素 6h组(P <0 .0 1)。结论　内毒素肺     

亚低温对颅脑损伤患者血清细胞因子的影响

目的 :研究亚低温治疗对颅脑损伤患者血清IL 1β,IL 6,TNF α的影响及临床意义 .方法 :中重型颅脑损伤患者4 8例 ,分为亚低温组 (2 5例 )与常温组 (2 3例 ) ,亚低温组于伤后 2 4h内行亚低温治疗 ,控制直肠温度 3 3～ 3 5℃ ,持续 3～ 5d .各组患者分别于伤后 1,3 ,5和 10d外周静脉采血取标本 ,另以健康志愿者 15例作为正常对照组 ;采用放射免疫分析法测定血清中IL 1β,IL 6和TNF α含量 .结果 :颅脑损伤患者血清IL 1β ,IL 6及TNF α含量 (μg·L-1)分别为 60 .7± 9.1,10 0 .5± 2 4 .4 ,17.7± 4 .2与正常对照组 3 3 .6± 13 .5 ,5 8.3±5 .3 ,9.1± 0 .6相比明显增高 ,持续 3～ 5d ,伤后 10d明显下降但仍高于正常 ;亚低温组治疗期间及复温后血清IL 1β,IL 6及TNF α含量低于常温组 (P <0 .0 1) .结论 :颅脑损伤后血清IL 1β,IL 6及TNF α升高 ,亚低温治疗能降低上述细胞因子含量 .     

PDTC对重症急性胰腺炎的抑制作用

目的　探讨抗氧化剂四氢化吡咯二硫代氨基甲酸脂 (PDTC)对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)的抑制作用。方法　Wistar大鼠 72只 ,随机分为 :假手术组 (shamoperation ,SO)、SAP组和SAP +PDTC组。术后分四个时段 ( 1、3、6、12h)分批进行下腔静脉采血后处死 ,取胰腺组织作病理切片。采用双抗体夹心ABC ELISA法测定血浆TNF α、IL 6。结果　SAP组血浆细胞因子TNF α和IL 6浓度较SO组增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中TNF α于术后 1h达到峰值 ( 871.6± 5 .9pg/ml) ,与SO组 ( 2 5 .2± 1.2 pg/ml)差异显著 (P <0 .0 0 1)。而IL - 6于术后 3h达到峰值( 5 9.2± 4 .1pg/m) ,与SO组 ( 2 5 .2± 1.2 pg/ml)差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。SAP +PDTC组的血浆TNF α和IL 6浓度较SAP组明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,胰腺局部炎症反应减轻。结论　细胞因子TNF α和IL 6是SAP炎症因子网络中重要的组成部分 ,可以作为判断AP严重程度和预后的预测指标 ;PDTC抑制NF κB的活化 ,不仅抑制了SAP时SIRS的过程 ,亦改善了胰腺本身的炎症过程     

抑郁症患者血清细胞因子研究

有证据表明抑郁症可能伴有细胞介导的免疫激活。激活后产生的细胞具有很强的生物学活性 ,有可能在抑郁症的发病中起着重要作用。该研究通过检测抑郁症患者血清中免疫细胞激活后的产物IL 1β、IL 2、IL 6、TNF α和IFN γ水平 ,探讨抑郁症患者是否存在细胞介导的免疫激活 ,以及免疫激活后产生的细胞因子在抑郁症发病中的作用。研究对象为抑郁症患者 ,共 2 3例。入组的抑郁症患者经详细询问病史 ,排除由器质性原因所致抑郁症。抑郁症诊断标准采用CCMD 2 R的标准。对照组为身体健康的员工。用酶联免疫法 (ELISA法 )检测血清IL 1β、IL 2、IL 6、TNF α和IFN γ水平 ,结果显示 ,抑郁症组血清IL 2水平显著高于对照组 (t=2 .479,P <0 .0 2 ) ,抑郁症组和正常对照组的IL 1β、IL 6、TNF α和IFN γ水平无显著差异(t分别为 0 .5 78,0 .5 6 6 ,1.0 0 2和 1.10 6 ,P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :抑郁症患者血清IL 2水平升高 ,表明IL 2可能在抑郁症的发病中起一定作用 ;IL 1β、IL 6、TNF α和IFN γ在抑郁症的发病中似无明显作用。     

芬太尼对家兔缺血再灌注期心肌组织及血清IL-6、TNF-α的影响

目的 :观察芬太尼对家兔缺血再灌注期心肌组织及血清白介素 6 (IL 6 )、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)的影响。方法 :2 4只家兔随机分为 3组。假手术组 (C组 )、缺血再灌注组 (IR组 )和芬太尼组 (F组 ) ,每组 8只。IR组行冠状动脉左前降支阻断 30min ,再灌注 3h ,于缺血前 5min(I0 )、缺血 30min(I1 )、再灌注 1h(R1 )和 3h(R2 )取颈内静脉血并于实验结束取心肌组织 ,分别测定IL 6和TNF α浓度 ,光镜下观察心肌病理结构变化。F组缺血前 2 0min缓慢静注芬太尼 5 0 μg kg后 ,以 4 0 0 μg (kg·h)速度维持 ;C组仅分离血管 ,不阻断血流 ,采样时点和检测指标均同IR组。结果 :IR组血清IL 6在R1 和R2 时持续升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,TNF α在I1 时显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,TNF α和IL 6水平同F组和C组差别有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;心肌组织中IL 6和TNF α含量明显增加 ,同F组和C组比差异有高度显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。F组血清IL 6在R2 时升高 ,为I0 的 1.33倍 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,TNF α在I1 及R1 时升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,R2 时降低 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;心肌组织IL 6、TNF α虽较C组有升高 ,但明显低于IR组 (P <0 .0 1)。光镜下F组心肌水肿较轻 ,白细胞浸润较少 ;IR组水肿严重 ,白细胞明显浸润。结论 :芬太尼抑制缺血再灌注心肌组织和血清IL 6?     

脐血细胞因子水平与新生儿败血症的早期诊断

目的 :研究脐血白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)水平与新生儿宫内或产时感染所致败血症之间的关系。方法 :应用ELISA双抗夹心法检测了 72例脐血清 ,其中正常脐血清 5 2例 ,败血症 2 0例。结果 :正常脐血组IL 6 :中位数 0 .0 2 4ng/ml(范围 0 .0 2 2 1～ 0 .0 5 31ng/ml)、TNF α中位数 1.12ng/ml(范围 0 .10～ 3.85ng/ml) ;败血症组IL 6 :中位数 0 .173ng/ml(范围 0 .0 2 6 6～ 1.2 5 89ng/ml)、TNF α中位数 5 .6 1ng/ml(范围 0 .6 5～ 12 .6 0ng/ml) ;经秩和检验 ,正常脐血组IL 6、TNF α与败血症组有明显差异 (P<0 .0 1) 。结论 :脐血IL 6、TNF α可作为新生儿败血症的早期诊断指标 ,且IL 6比TNF α有更高的灵敏度和特异性。     

不育症患者精浆中细胞因子测定的临床研究

目的　 探讨精浆中白细胞介素 1β(IL 1β)、白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )、白细胞介素 4 (IL 4 )、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、白细胞介素 10 (IL 10 )、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)等细胞因子浓度与不育症患者之间以及精子的各项功能指标之间的相互关系。方法　 应用放射免疫分析(RIA)技术对 12 6例不育男性精浆中IL 1β、IL 2、IL 4、IL 6、IL 8、IL 10、TNF α水平进行了检测。结果　 不育症组精浆IL 1β、IL 2、IL 6、IL 8、TNF α含量均高于生育组 ,两组间均存在显著性差异(P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;精浆IL 4、IL 10含量均低于生育组 ,两组间均存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。不育症组精浆中IL 1β、IL 2、IL 4、IL 6、IL 8、IL 10、TNF α含量在WBC精液组与非WBC精液组、血清AsAb阳性组与血清AsAb阴性组之间均存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;精浆中IL 4、TNF α含量在精子活动力、活动率、精子穿透力、顶体完整率、尾部肿胀率正常组与不正常组之间均存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。 结论　 精浆中IL 1β、IL 2、IL 4、IL 6、IL 8、IL 10、TNF α含量与男性不育症患者之间存在密切关系 ,检测精浆中IL 1β、IL 2、IL 4、IL 6、IL 8、IL 10、TNF α的含量可以反映男性     

癫痫患者T淋巴细胞亚群、TNF-α和IL-2的测定

目的 :探讨癫痫患者的细胞免疫状态。方法 :选择全面性强直阵挛发作癫痫患者 6 0例 ,复杂部分性发作癫痫患者 6 2例。测定外周血中CD3、CD4、CD8数量及血清TNF α和IL 2含量 ,并与 6 0例健康人对照。结果 :与对照组比较 ,癫痫组外周血清中CD3、CD4数量、CD4 /CD8比值降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,TNF α及IL 2含量增高 ;TNF α、IL 2含量增高与癫痫发作次数呈正相关 (P <0 .0 0 1 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :癫痫患者存在着细胞免疫功能低下 ,细胞因子TNF α、IL 2是影响癫痫病情的重要介质     

肝素对急性肺损伤治疗保护作用的实验研究

①目的　探讨肝素对急性肺损伤 (ALI)的治疗保护作用。②方法　选取Wistar大鼠 6 0只 ,随机分为生理盐水对照组 (A组 )、内毒素 (LPS)注射组 (B组 )、大剂量肝素治疗组 (C组 )、中等剂量肝素治疗组 (D组 )和小剂量肝素治疗组 (E组 )。除A、B组向大鼠腹腔内分别注射生理盐水和内毒素外 ,其他组向大鼠腹腔内注射LPS后 4h ,再注射不同剂量肝素 ,12h后处死大鼠。每组随机选取 7只大鼠取肺组织测肺含水量并进行病理检查。各组余5只大鼠断颈后取外周血并行支气管肺泡灌洗 ,应用ELISA法检测血及支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)中的肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、白细胞介素 1β(IL 1β)、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)浓度 ;取其沉淀物 ,经Wright染色 ,计数 10 0个细胞中多形核白细胞 (PMN)所占百分比并计数白细胞。③结果　B、C、D、E组TNF α、IL 1β、IL 8浓度明显高于A组 (F=7.71～ 2 1.2 0 ,q =5 .2 2～ 7.80 ,P <0 .0 1) ;其中灌洗液中的浓度高于血浆中的浓度 (t=4 .32～ 10 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;C、D、E组浓度较B组明显下降 (q =3.6 4～ 5 .70 ,P <0 .0 5 )。B、C、D、E组BALF中WBC计数及PMN所占百分比与A组比较 ,差异均有显著性 (F =5 8.0 0、32 .34,q =6 .76～ 2 0 .83,P <0 .0 5 ) ;C、D、E组与B组比较差异均有显著性 (q =6     

骨感染病人TNF-α、IL-6和C反应蛋白的检测及临床意义

①目的　探讨骨感染病人肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )和C反应蛋白 (CRP)水平的变化及意义。②方法　采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定 30例骨感染病人及 2 5例正常人的血清TNF α、IL 6水平 ,采用散射比浊法测定CRP水平。③结果　骨感染病人血清中TNF α、IL 6及CRP含量均处于高水平状态 ,与健康人比较 ,差异有显著性 (t=2 .2 6～ 10 .6 7,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1)。④结论　TNF α、IL 6及CRP是预测骨感染病人病情危重的重要指标之一 ,对临床有一定指导意义     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.