Adverse drug reaction monitoring in Mississippi home health care agencies

A statewide survey of home health care agency directors in Mississippi was conducted to determine the extent of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) monitoring and reporting by health care professionals. A 24-item questionnaire was sent to agency directors eliciting responses on agency characteristics, rate of occurrence of ADRs, and attitudes toward responsibility for monitoring ADRs. A total of 77 questionnaires were returned yielding a response rate of 48%. The average program enrolled 104 patients with 3.5 ADRs reported by health care professionals per year (range 0-65). Agency directors reported that physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and members of the pharmacy and therapeutics committee should monitor ADRs. Results indicated a need for all health-care professional involved in home health care to increase their ADR monitoring and reporting activities.     

Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring in Mississippi Home Mealth Care Agencies

A statewide survey of home health care agency directors in Mississippi was conducted to determine the extent of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) monitoring and reporting by health care professionals. A 24-item questionnaire was sent to agency directors eliciting responses on agency characteristics, rate of occurrence of ADRs, and attitudes toward responsibility for monitoring ADRs. A total of 77 questionnaires were returned yielding a response rate of 48%. The average program enrolled 104 patients with 3.5 ADRs reported by health care professionals per year (range 0-65). Agency directors reported that physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and members of the pharmacy and therapeutics committee should monitor ADRs. Results indicated a need for all health-care professional involved in home health care to increase their ADR monitoring and reporting activities.     

Involvement of pharmacy faculty in the development of policies for pharmaceutical sales representatives.

BACKGROUND. Few studies evaluating the impact of the pharmaceutical industry on postgraduate medical education have been done. Recently, position statements and professional guidelines have emerged to ensure the integrity of physician-industry relationships in the areas of clinical judgement, research, and medical education. METHODS. The present study surveyed directors of family practice residency programs in the United States to define the level of pharmacotherapy curriculum development and the existence of policies for pharmaceutical sales representatives. RESULTS. Of the 383 directors, 325 (85%) responded to a mailed survey. Nearly one third (32%) of the responding programs had pharmacist faculty, the majority of whom held a doctor of pharmacy degree. Approximately 30% of programs reported that they had printed guidelines for pharmaceutical sales representatives. CONCLUSIONS. Programs with pharmacist faculty are more likely to have a well-developed pharmacotherapy curriculum and printed guidelines for pharmaceutical sales representatives.     

浅析三级综合性医院药剂科的工作现状

目的了解我国三级综合性医院药剂科目前的工作模式和现状,并且客观分析和改进。方法采取现场谈话以及问卷调查的方式,分析和总结我国66所医院药剂科工作现状,并且运用统计法描述出结果,并进行比较。结果目前药剂科的工作模式在不同地区间还是有一定的不同的,由于药剂科属于一种综合性较强的科别,因而不同地区的经济状况不同必然会导致其药剂科发展现状各不相同。结论药剂科必须加强竞争意识,努力实现工作模式正从传统的供应保障模式转化为具有临床概念的临床医学转变。     

Influence of question structure on the recall of self-reported drug use

Epidemiological studies often rely on self-reported information as a source of drug exposure. Several studies have evaluated the accuracy of self-reported information on drug use. The influence of question structure on the accuracy of recall, however, has not been studied extensively in these studies. In this study we examined the recall accuracy of questionnaire information on drug use in a ongoing public health survey with special attention to the influence of question structure on sensitivity of recall. A sample of 372 hypertensive subjects for whom questionnaire information and pharmacy records were available was examined. Self-reported information on drug use was obtained through questions about medications used for a specific condition and one final open-ended question. This information was compared with the pharmacy medication history. About 71% of all drugs that were currently in use according to the pharmacy records were recalled through the self-administered questionnaire, and 94% of all drugs mentioned in the questionnaire could be traced in the pharmacy records. Recall sensitivity was higher for questions about medications used for a specific indication (88%) than for the open-ended question (41%). The type of drug that was used might have caused part of this difference in recall. We conclude that questionnaire structure might be of influence on the accuracy of recall of self-reported drug use, and more attention should be paid to the structure of questions on drug use.     

Low agreement was found between pharmacy data and physician reported use of hospital-administered antenatal corticosteroids

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate physicians' recall accuracy on starting year of routine use of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) to women facing imminent preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Starting year of routine treatment with ACS was evaluated by a questionnaire mailed to all 52 Swedish maternity wards. The information was compared with that obtained from a telephone interview with physicians involved in the introduction of routine ACS and with pharmacy data. From pharmacy data, routine use of ACS was defined as >or=20 mg betamethasone or dexamethasone purchased per maternity ward, year, and preterm delivery. RESULTS: 24 hospitals with >or=10 preterm deliveries/year, having started ACS 1976-1997 and with information from questionnaire, interview, and pharmacy data were included in the analyses. There was fair agreement (kappa=0.38, P<0.001) on starting year between questionnaires and telephone interviews with physicians and slight agreement (kappa=0.06, P=0.098) between questionnaires and pharmacy data. Three hospitals had complete agreement on starting year according to questionnaire, telephone interview, and pharmacy data. CONCLUSION: Agreement between information obtained from questionnaires, telephone interviews with physicians, and pharmacy data on use of ACS was low. Physician reported past drug use needs to be validated and pharmacy data can be useful for such purpose.     

Priorities and benchmarks for new faculty in physical therapist education programs: perceptions of program directors

The purpose of this study was to establish development priorities, ideal workload and performance levels, and preferred faculty development activities for new faculty in professional-level physical therapist education programs. A preliminary questionnaire was sent to 183 directors of these programs to identify new faculty and their program directors. Eighty-five new faculty and 79 of their program directors were identified and sent comparable surveys with questions that pertained to the current and ideal teaching, scholarship, and service activities of the new faculty. Results indicated that both new faculty and program directors agreed on ideal workload levels and that workloads for new faculty should shift from teaching to scholarship. New faculty set performance levels that are significantly higher than those identified by their program directors. Development priorities for the new faculty varied from knowledge and skills in instruction as expressed by program directors to scholarship as expressed by new faculty. Individual consultations were the highest preferred faculty development activity reported by both groups. These findings provide direction for the content and delivery method for faculty development activities for new faculty in these and similar education programs.     

山东省医院财务主管胜任力及影响因素研究

目的:了解医院财务主管的岗位胜任力要求,同时,对影响医院财务主管各类胜任力的因素进行探讨.方法:以山东省二、三级医院410位医院财务主管为样本进行问卷调查,采用多元线性逐步回归分析影响财务主管胜任力的各类因素.结果:确认了5类共14个医院财务主管的重要岗位胜任力,明确“在岗时间”和“职称”是影响医院财务主管岗位胜任力的重要因素,而具体细化到不同类别的胜任力,其影响因素也会有所差别.     

北京大学药学院研究生职业生涯规划现状调查及思考

为了开展北京大学药学研究生的职业生涯规划教育,以促进研究生就业,采用问卷调查的研究方法对北京大学药学院研究生职业生涯规划现状进行调查。得出了北京大学药学院研究生的职业生涯规划现状和对职业生涯规划辅导的需求情况,为进一步在药学院开展研究生职业生涯规划教育提出了建议。     

Selection criteria for approved preprofessional practice programs: are they different from those for dietetic internships?

Using a mailed questionnaire, we surveyed the directors of 41 approved preprofessional practice programs (AP4) listed in the Directory of Dietetic Programs 1990 and nine programs approved by The American Dietetic Association's Council on Education in December 1989 to determine the relative importance of admission criteria used to select students for AP4s. We compared the results of this study with those of an earlier survey of dietetic internship directors. The AP4 and dietetic internship directors gave significantly different importance ratings to elective courses in professional sciences and courses in the biological/physical sciences. Unlike dietetic internship directors, AP4 directors rated Graduate Record Examination (GRE) score highest (1.4 +/- 1.7 on a 10-point scale). AP4 directors' rating of grade point average (1.8 +/- 1.3) and professional courses (1.9 +/- 1.2) was similar to the internship directors' rating of these criteria (1.7 +/- 0.9 and 1.7 +/- 1.0, respectively). Results indicate that AP4 and internship directors seek similar qualities in students, but that GRE score is more important to AP4 directors. The AP4 directors' emphasis on GRE score may be explained, in part, by the fact that 76% (38 of 50) of these programs are affiliated with a university program, and of those 38 programs, 29 (88%) require graduate credit as a component of the AP4. These data are important to Plan IV/V faculty advisers because students may have misconceptions about differences in AP4 and internship selection criteria.     

Pharmacy student training in United States hospices.

Hospice is a quickly growing field in health care in the United States. As the pharmacist's role in providing patient care to persons at the end of life increases, considerations should be given for training pharmacy students in this area. The objectives of this study were to examine the frequency of pharmacy student education and training among United States hospice organizations as well as to describe factors of hospice organizations that are associated with pharmacy student training. This is the first study of which we are aware to address the availability of experiential rotations for pharmacy students in hospice programs. A one-page questionnaire was mailed to 3,762 hospice organizations with addresses obtained from the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO). Following two mailings, eight weeks apart, 907 responses were obtained. Ninety-four (10 percent) hospices trained pharmacy students, 246 (27 percent) trained medical students, 357 (39 percent) trained social work students, and 623 (69 percent) trained nursing students. These results indicate that the experiential training needs of United States pharmacy students are being addressed. However, further study is warranted to describe the various experiences of pharmacy students within the hospice setting.     

河南省县级综合医院药剂科发展现状及对策研究

目的调查河南省县级综合医院药剂科现状,针对目前状况提出对策与建议。方法发放调查问卷,统计河南省县级综合医院药剂科人员状况、工作室分区布局、设备配置、学术与科研、继续教育、药物咨询窗口与病房口服药物单剂量摆药等内容。结果设备配置合理,但药剂科人员职称与学历较低,制剂室处于萎缩状态,临床药师队伍匮乏,药学继续教育和科研需要加强。结论药剂科工作需要领导高度重视,工作要从传统的药品供应型、经营型模式向知识信息型、医药结合型转变,服务临床,加强学习,提高素质,使药学人员成为指导病人安全、有效、合理、经济用药的专家。     

基于SEM的门诊药学服务质量满意度影响因素分析*

目的以陕西省某医院为例,调查患者门诊药学服务满意度,探讨门诊药学服务质量的影响因素。方法采用自制的调查问卷对接受过门诊药学服务的患者发放问卷进行调查,采用结构方程模型进行影响因素分析。结果在对门诊药学服务质量满意度有影响的因子中,药学人员自身服务能力的影响权重为0.56,药学人员提供的人性化服务影响权重为0.42。结论患者对门诊药学服务质量总体满意度一般,提高患者对门诊药学服务质量的满意度应从提高药学人员自身能力入手,加强培训,提高对患者需求的及时响应能力。     

Factors affecting the establishment of occupational therapy services in retail pharmacy: The pharmacist's perspective

The establishment of occupational therapy services in retail pharmacy is a relatively new development in New South Wales (NSW). Hence there is a lack of literature addressing this innovative area of occupational therapy practice. The aims of this study were to determine if retail pharmacists identify a role for occupational therapy services in retail pharmacy, to ascertain what occupational therapy services retail pharmacists identify as being appropriate for establishment in retail pharmacy, and to find out what factors retail pharmacists identify as affecting the establishment of those services. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 207 retail pharmacists in NSW. The response rate was 32% ( n = 67). The findings indicated that 59% of respondents identified a role for occupational therapy services, the most common role being the provision of home health-care services. Factors that support or limit the establishment of occupational therapy services in retail pharmacy were also identified. The importance of the results for occupational therapy practice are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.     

University education of medicinal chemists: comparison of eight countries

Medicinal chemists are mainly taught in faculties or schools of pharmacy and are available for employment. Yet major pharmaceutical research companies seek organic chemists, rather than medicinal chemists, for new drug discovery. This apparent contradiction led the Medicinal Chemistry Section of IUPAC to send a questionnaire regarding postgraduate academic education for medicinal chemists to the faculties or schools of pharmacy in eight countries, namely, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, UK and USA. The questionnaire aimed to elicit information about postgraduate medicinal chemistry students, their courses and training, and the occupations taken up after graduation. The replies representing 109 medicinal chemistry departments or sections have been analysed and the results are presented to provide a data base on modern medicinal chemistry curricula for comparative purposes. The information should help guide discussion of the optimum paths to be followed by students in preparation for their careers. The evidence suggests that academic training of medicinal chemists equips them to enter a wide range of occupations, many of which are in industry.     

医院院长职业化和专业化建设现状及推进策略

本文采用自填式问卷调查和典型调查相结合的方式对17个公立医院改革国家级联系试点城市的全部二、三级公立医院（其中北京市和上海市为市级公立医院）正副院长、正副书记进行了问卷调查。研究得出医院院长职业化和专业化建设的现状和问题是：院长多为医学专业背景;多数人不愿放弃临床专业;“医而优则仕”的选拔方式;管理者职能与所有者权力混淆;对院长的绩效考核和激励刚起步;院长职业化培训有提高的空间;院长职业化人才市场尚未形成。通过对现状和问题的分析,得出院长职业化建设推进策略为：促进院长的管理专业化建设;改革干部人事制度,建立院长的公开选拔机制;完善院长的绩效考核体系和激励约束机制;制定院长职业化的相关法律法规。     

Salary discrepancies between male and female foodservice directors in JCAHO-accredited hospitals.

This study profiles foodservice directors employed in US hospitals accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) and examines the effect of gender and work-related characteristics on salary. A 37-item questionnaire was sent to 1,002 randomly selected directors of foodservice programs at JCAHO-accredited hospitals in the United States and Puerto Rico. Usable data were received from 663 directors, a response rate of 66%. Foodservice directors answered questions on background information, work-related information, academic and professional certification, and salary range. Findings indicate that foodservice directors are predominantly white, female, college graduates, and more than half are registered dietitians. On the average, foodservice directors had 16 years of experience in foodservice, had spent 9 years with their current employer and 6 years in their present position, and worked a mean of 48 hours each week; more than two thirds earned greater than $30,000. Salaries, however, were significantly higher for men than for women. When controlling for experience (employment in foodservice, years with present employer and in present position), size of hospital, academic preparation, and professional certification, salaries remained consistently higher for men. Although the dietetics profession is predominantly female, gender appears to be the major factor accounting for inequalities in salaries. These findings may alert hospital administrators of the need to review hiring practices and establish standards that promote equitable salary opportunities for persons most qualified for positions, regardless of gender.