A dual-centre, cohort comparison of open, laparoscopic and robotic-assisted radical cystectomy

Introduction: The role of minimally invasive radical cystectomy as opposed to open surgery for bladder cancer is not yet established. We present comparative outcomes of open, laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted radical cystectomy Material and Methods: Prospective cohort comparison of 158 patients from 2003–2008 undergoing open radical cystectomy (ORC) (n = 52), laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) (n = 58) or robotic‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) (n = 48) performed by a team of three surgeons at two hospitals. Peri‐operative data, complication rates, length of hospital stay, oncological outcome (including lymph node status) and survival were recorded. Statistical analyses were adjusted to account for potential confounding factors such as ASA grade, gender, age, diversion type and final histology. Results: RARC took longer than LRC and ORC. Patients were about 30 times more likely to have a transfusion if they had ORC than if they had RARC (p < 0.0001) and about eight times more likely to have a transfusion if they had LRC compared with RARC (p < 0.006). Patients were four times more likely to have a transfusion if they had ORC as compared with LRC (p < 0.007). Patients were four times more likely to have complications if they had ORC than RARC (p = 0.006) and about three times more likely to have complications with LRC than with RARC (p = 0.02). Hospital stay was mean 19 days after ORC, 16 days after LRC and 10 days after RARC. Conclusions: Despite study limitations, RARC had the lowest transfusion and complication rates and the shortest length of stay, although taking the longest to perform.     

手助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术（附31例报告）

目的探讨手助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的临床应用价值。方法采用手助腹腔镜行根治性膀胱切除术31例,其中利用手助操作通道的切口行回肠膀胱术24例,原位回肠新膀胱术7例;并观察围手术期的恢复情况及近期疗效。结果31例手助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除均获成功,手术时间245-530min,平均365．7min出血量100-500ml,平均250．9ml。其中3例需输血,输血率为9．7％。术后进食时间为2～15d,平均4．3d。住院时间平均19．7d（9～83d）。术后6例发生围手术期并发症,占19．4％。31例患者均获随访,平均18个月（1～38个月）,2例回肠膀胱切口疝,1例输尿管新膀胱吻合口狭窄。肺部转移及局部复发并全身转移各1例,带瘤生存。肿瘤转移死亡1例,猝死1例。其余27例无瘤存活。结论手助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术是安全、可行的,尤其在复杂的根治性膀胱切除术中可以减少手术出血,降低手术难度,有效防止并发症的发生。     

Laparoscopic sphincter‐preserving surgery for low rectal tumor using prolapsing technique

Introduction: With this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopy‐assisted low anterior resection with a prolapsing technique for low rectal tumors. Materials and Methods: We studied surgical techniques, recovery status, complications, oncological clearance and the results of short‐term follow‐up in 15 patients who had received laparoscopy‐assisted low anterior resection with a prolapsing technique for low rectal tumors between October 2005 and January 2008. Results: None of the cases was converted to open surgery. The mean operation time was 185 min (150–232 min), and the mean blood loss was 75 ml (25–105 ml). The mean time for passage of flatus, duration of urinary drainage, and postoperative hospital stay were 3 d (1–4 d), 6 d (5–10 d) and 11 d (7–20 d), respectively. The total amount of lymph nodes harvested was 15 (9–21), and the mean distal margin from the tumor was 2.5 cm (1.0–3.9 cm). No major complications were observed. The mean follow‐up time was 13 months (4–27 months). Neither local recurrence nor metastasis was observed. Acceptable anal function results were obtained in most patients. Discussion: Laparoscopy‐assisted low anterior resection with a prolapsing technique can be successfully performed.     

Long‐term results of laparoscopic treatment of Spigelian hernias with mesh

Introduction: Spigelian hernias are exceptional. They often present with vague signs and symptoms, and the diagnosis can be problematic. Most Spigelian hernias are treated with open surgery and without mesh; little is known of the laparoscopic treatment and the long‐term follow‐up with mesh. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the laparoscopic treatment of Spigelian hernias with mesh at the Texas Endosurgery Institute. Methods: From February 1991 through April 2008, all Spigelian hernias treated laparoscopically with mesh were prospectively followed. The technique was essentially the same for each procedure and involved (1) lysis of adhesions, (2) reduction of hernia contents, (3) closure of the defect, (4) 3–5 cm circumferential mesh coverage beyond the original edges, and (5) transfascial fixation of the mesh. Results: Eighteen patients were analyzed, all of them having Spigelian hernia. The subjects included eight women (44%) and 10 men (56%), with a mean age of 65 years (range, 39–89 years). The mean height of patients was 1.69 cm (range, 1.44–1.98 cm), with a mean weight of 84.6 kg (range, 63–103.5 kg). The mean operative time was 91 min with a range of 75–120 min. The estimated blood loss was 30 ml (range 10–50 ml). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2 d (range from same‐day discharge to 5 d). The overall postoperative complication rate was 16.6%. No conversions to open approach were required. The mean follow up was 84.6 months (range, 13–176 months); no recurrence has been observed. Conclusion: The laparoscopic treatment of Spigelian hernias is safe and effective.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除正位新膀胱术的护理

目的分析应用daVinciS机器人系统完成机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除（RARC）正位新膀胱术的疗效,探讨其围手术期临床护理体会。方法2008年12月至2010年2月,4例男性患者接受RARC＋正位新膀胱术。手术均获成功。术前着重于心理护理、肠道准备,术后进行严密的生命体征监测、引流管护理、新膀胱锻炼等护理的同时,采取积极预防措施预防并发症的发生。结果全体患者术后恢复顺利,无严重并发症发生,疗效满意。结论机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除（RARC）加正位膀胱术创伤小,安全可靠,患者术后康复快,疤痕少,值得推广、应用,但须严格护理过程。     

A new oval multichannel port to facilitate reduced port distal gastrectomy

Background: This report describes the techniques and outcomes of reduced port distal gastrectomy (RPDG) using a new oval multichannel port. Material and methods: We performed reduced port distal gastrectomy through the E·Z Access? oval type device with three trocars in the umbilical incision, plus the use of additional 5 mm and 2 mm ports. All routine procedures performed in conventional laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (CLDG) were achieved in RPDG. Results: We employed this technique without the use of additional trocars or conversion to laparotomy in all 25 patients. The median length of the operation was 340 (range, 220–487) minutes, and the median estimated blood loss was 30 (range, 5–440) ml. Neither major postoperative complications, such as anastomotic leakage and stricture, nor postoperative mortality were observed. The mean length of the hospital stay was 11 days. The umbilical wound was indistinct. The patients were also highly satisfied with the cosmetic outcome. Conclusion: Reduced port surgery using the E·Z Access? oval type device was successfully applied for gastric cancer. This method is technically feasible, produces superior cosmetic results and thus could be an attractive surgical option for gastric cancer patients.     

Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy with cytokine therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinomas compared with open nephrectomy

Introduction: We retrospectively reviewed and compared the operation records and long‐term results of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who underwent laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy and those who underwent open procedure. Methods: A total of 75 patients with mRCC who underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy between 1997 and 2007 were studied: 23 patients in the laparoscopy group (LCN group) and 52 in the open group (OCN group). Most patients received interferon‐based cytokine therapy after surgery. Patients with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava were excluded from this study. Results: Operating time in the LCN group was significantly longer than in the OCN group (320.3 min vs 269.6 min, P=0.049). Blood loss was less in the LCN group (527.8 ml) than in the OCN group (1372.3 ml, P=0.072). Convalescence was shorter in the LCN group (18.1 d) than in the OCN group (32.9 d, P<0.0001). Median follow‐up periods were 15 months (range 2–110 months) and 17 months (range 1–103 months) in the LCN group and OCN group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to disease‐specific patient survival and progression‐free survival. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy is a feasible alternative for patients with mRCC because its benefits include less blood loss and shorter convalescence. In addition, the long‐term oncological results of laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy are comparable to those of the open procedure.     

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy – impact of training and supervision

To define the influence of training and supervision on the quality of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy we compared our perioperative parameters, as well as the postoperative functional and oncological outcomes of four generations of surgeons with significantly different training modalities. The first two generations were trained in open retropubic radical prostatectomy, but the third and fourth generation were trained mostly laparoscopically. Overall the data of more than 1000 performed cases were compared: We could not find any significant difference concerning our complication rates. Also the data of oncological (positive margins) and functional results (data of continence with a follow‐up of more than two years) were comparable within all groups. A learning curve was observed only for the operating time, but proved to be significantly shorter for the third and fourth generations. Therefore we can conclude that the quality of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy does not depend on the individual experience in open surgery but to a considerable extent on the quality of laparoscopic education (e.g. simulation trainer, supervision).     

Long-term outcome of leads and patients following robotic epicardial left ventricular lead placement for cardiac resynchronization therapy

Introduction: In cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), positive clinical response and reverse remodeling have been reported using robotically assisted left ventricular (LV) epicardial lead placement. However, the long‐term performance of epicardial leads and long‐term outcome of patients who undergo CRT via robotic assistance are unknown. In addition, since the LV lead placement is more invasive than a transvenous procedure, it is important to identify patients at higher risk of complications. Methods: We evaluated 78 consecutive patients (70 ± 11 years, 50 male) who underwent robotic epicardial LV lead placement. The short‐ (<12 months) and long‐term (≥12 months) lead performance was determined through device interrogations. Mortality data were determined by contact with the patient's family and referring physicians and confirmed using the Social Security Death Index. Results: All patients had successful lead placement and were discharged in stable condition. When compared to the time of implantation, there was a significant increase in pacing threshold (1.0 ± 0.5 vs 2.14 ± 1.2; P < 0.001) and decrease in lead impedance (1010 ± 240 Ω vs 491 ± 209 Ω; P < 0.001) at short‐term follow‐up. The pacing threshold (2.3 ± 1.2 vs 2.14 ± 1.2; P = 0.30) and lead impedance (451 ± 157 Ω vs 491 ± 209 Ω; P = 0.10) remained stable during long‐term follow‐up when compared to short‐term values. At a follow‐up of 44 ± 21 months, there were 20 deaths (26%). These patients were older (77 ± 7 vs 67 ± 11 years; P = 0.001) and had a lower ejection fraction (EF) (13 ± 7% vs 18 ± 9%; P = 0.02) than surviving patients. Conclusion: Robotically implanted epicardial LV leads for CRT perform well over short‐ and long‐term follow‐up. Older patients with a very low EF are at higher risk of death. The risks and benefits of this procedure should be carefully considered in these patients. (PACE 2011; 34:235–240)     

腹腔镜与开放手术方式根治性膀胱切除术治疗膀胱癌的临床研究

目的通过回顾性分析腹腔镜与开放手术方式根治性膀胱切除术(RC)治疗膀胱癌的临床观察指标,评价腹腔镜技术在RC治疗膀胱癌中的临床价值。方法 2009年10月-2014年8月该院实施RC患者49例,其中腹腔镜组20例(A组)、开放组29例(B组)。收集两组患者的临床资料,采取术中出血量、手术时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院天数和术后并发症等作为观察指标。计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较资料采用t检验,计数资料采用百分率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果平均术中出血量A组低于B组[(416.66±232.73)ml vs(964.16±445.73)ml,P0.05];平均术后住院时间A组低于B组[(14.93±2.72)d vs(19.50±3.16)d,P0.05)];术后并发症A组少于B组(P0.05);平均手术时间、平均术后肠功能恢复时间两组间差异无统计学意义。结论通过分析两组临床观察指标,腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术(LRC)治疗膀胱癌,在手术效果方面与开放手术相似,但其具有创伤小、失血少、恢复快和术后并发症相对较少等优点,是一种安全、有效的手术方法。远期疗效尚需要更多病例术后随访。     

保留前列腺包膜的膀胱全切除-原位回肠新膀胱术

目的探讨保留前列腺包膜的膀胱根治性切除一原位回肠新膀胱术的手术方法及疗效。方法2002年5月至2008年9月,对35例浸润性膀胱癌患者施行了保留前列腺包膜的膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术,其中开放手术22例,腹腔镜手术13例。术中保留患者的前列腺包膜、精囊、输精管、神经血管束。术后对患者进行定期随访,了解患者的生活质量、排尿情况,并检测患者的残余尿量、新膀胱压力及性功能情况等。结果全部患者均顺利完成保留前列腺包膜和勃起神经的膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术。其中开放手术时间为210～330min,平均271min;术中出血200-800ml,平均460ml。腹腔镜手术时间为210-420min,平均343min;术中出血80-800ml,平均377ml。术后3个月IVU及代膀胱造影检查,显示双肾显影良好,无输尿管返流及梗阻,代膀胱充盈良好,容量约250-350ml。术后6个月随访,所有患者均能自行排尿,2例患者有夜间尿失禁。术后71．4％（20／28）的患者保留了阴茎勃起功能。无患者出现尿道残端或前列腺包膜肿瘤复发,有2例发生盆腔淋巴结转移,1例骨转移。结论保留前列腺包膜的膀胱根治性切除术与标准的膀胱前列腺根治性切除术相比,具有操作简单、控尿效果好、可保留勃起神经等特点,适用于对性功能要求较强、肿瘤未累及膀胱颈及前列腺的较年轻的患者。然而,其肿瘤控制效果坏有待于讲一彤观察．     

Current trends of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer in Japan

Laparoscopic gastrectomy with lymph node dissection, such as laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG), is widely accepted for the treatment of early gastric cancer with a risk of lymph node metastasis. In Japan, a nationwide survey conducted by the Japan Society of Endoscopic Surgery has shown that the number of laparoscopic gastrectomies is gradually increasing. So far, the following advantages of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer have been well documented: favorable clinical course after operation, pulmonary function and immune response. A retrospective multicenter study in Japan has shown that the short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy are beneficial and that the long‐term outcomes are the same as those for open surgery. Recently, the Gastric Cancer Surgical Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group conducted a multi‐institutional, phase II trial (JCOG0703) to evaluate the safety of LADG for clinical stage I gastric cancer. In the future, laparoscopic surgeons will need to design and implement education and training systems for standard laparoscopic procedures, evaluate clinical outcomes through multicenter randomized controlled trials and clarify the oncological aspects of laparoscopic surgery in basic studies.     

Comparative outcomes of elderly patients undergoing Altemeier procedure versus laparoscopic rectopexy for rectal prolapse

Introduction: We compared outcomes of elderly patients (>70 years) who underwent the Altemeier procedure versus laparoscopic rectopexy for full‐thickness rectal prolapse. Materials and Methods: We reviewed our data from a prospective database and the medical records of patients treated at a single institution from 2002 to 2008. Patients who underwent surgery for full‐thickness rectal prolapse were evaluated. Results: Sixteen patients underwent laparoscopic rectopexy (median age 82 years; ASA 2.6), and 16 patients underwent the Altemeier procedure (median age 85 years; ASA 2.8). The Altemeier procedure patients had a significantly higher recurrence rate when compared to laparoscopic rectopexy patients (P<0.045). The mean length of follow‐up was longer for the Altemeier group (20 months) compared to the laparoscopic rectopexy group (28.5 months; most recurrence (5/6) occurred <1 year. The median length of specimen removed in the Altmeier group was 9.5 cm (6.5–18.5 cm). The majority of patients in both groups had preoperative fecal incontinence. Significantly more Altemeier patients reported worsening perioperative fecal incontinence at 1–3 months (p<0.046). All laparoscopic rectopexy patients underwent general anesthesia while 44% of the Altemeier patients underwent regional anesthesia (p<0.003). One laparoscopic rectopexy patient required reoperation for an incarcerated trocar site hernia. No other major complications occurred in either group. There was no difference in rates of minor complications. Discussion: Compared to the Altemeier procedure, laparoscopic rectopexy for elderly patients with rectal prolapse resulted in a significantly smaller recurrence rate, better perioperative fecal incontinence and an equivalent morbidity rate.     

后腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜治疗上尿路尿路上皮癌疗效观察

目的 探讨后腹腔镜联合尿道电切手术治疗上尿路尿路上皮癌的临床疗效.方法 2006年1月至2009年7月收治的15例上尿路尿路上皮癌患者,先采用尿道电切镜行患侧输尿管口膀胱黏膜袖套状切除,然后行后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管全切术.结果 15例手术均获成功,手术时间120～180 rmin,平均150 min.术中出血100～400 ml,平均200 ml.肠道功能恢复时间为24～48 h,3～4 d内可拔除引流管.导尿管留置7～10 d,拔尿管时开始行表柔吡星膀胱灌注.随访1～40个月,平均10个月,均生存,1例患者腹膜后淋巴结转移.结论 后腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜手术治疗上尿路尿路上皮癌,安全、有效,且创伤小、患者恢复快.     

Microendoscopic discectomy for recurrent lumbar disc herniation*

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the feasibility of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Methods: Thirty‐six patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation were treated using MED (30 men and six women; mean age: 45.7 years, range: 26–80 years; mean follow‐up: 24.4 months, range: 12–52 months; mean duration between the primary and revision surgery: 65.9 months, range: 1–320 months) (recurrent group). Sex‐ and age‐matched patients with primary lumbar disc herniation treated by MED served as the control group (primary group). The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for low back pain and questionnaires regarding MED. Results: The average Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores before surgery and at the final follow‐up were significantly lower in the recurrent group than in the primary group (10.8 ± 3.4 versus 15.0 ± 4.0 before surgery, P=0.001 and 25.4 ± 2.6 versus 26.8 ± 1.9 at follow‐up, P=0.013), while the average recovery rates were not significantly different between the two groups (80.3 ± 14.1% versus 84.5 ± 14.6, P=0.22). The surgical time was significantly longer for the recurrent group than for the primary group (83.0 ± 41.8 min versus 67.1 ± 18.1 min,P=0.042). Of the 18 questionnaire respondents, 17 answered that postoperative pain was milder after MED than after a standard discectomy. Conclusion: MED is a feasible surgical option for recurrent lumbar disc herniation, yielding surgical outcomes comparable to those obtained in primary lumbar disc herniation.     

Laparoscopic anterior pelvic exenteration for locoregionally advanced rectal cancer directly invading the urinary bladder: A case report of low anterior resection with en bloc cystectomy for sphincter preservation

Laparoscopic multi‐visceral resection in patients with T4 colorectal cancer remains controversial. A 73‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital for rectosigmoid cancer directly invading the urinary bladder trigone without distant metastasis. We successfully performed complete resection by laparoscopic anterior pelvic exenteration while preserving the anus. After laparoscopic mobilization of the rectum, urinary bladder, and prostate, the urethra and urethral catheter were dissected to reveal the lower rectum. By pulling the urethral catheter toward the head, the prostate was excised retrogradely from the lower rectum anterior wall. The lower rectum was resected and anastomosed by the double stapling technique with a safe distal margin from the tumor. Pathological findings of the resected specimen indicated no residual tumor in the surgical margin. There was no evidence of recurrence 34 months after surgery. En bloc, R0, laparoscopic anterior pelvic exenteration for T4 rectal cancer is feasible. However, further studies with long‐term follow‐up are required to resolve oncological outcomes.     

Managing Superior Vena Cava Syndrome as a Complication of Pacemaker Implantation: A Pooled Analysis of Clinical Practice

Background: Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a rare complication of pacemaker implantation. Numerous methods have been employed to treat this condition, ranging from anticoagulation and thrombolysis to surgical interventions and stenting. However, thus far only small case series have been reported and there is no currently accepted standard of care. Methods: Our group preformed a PubMed literature search to identify cases of symptomatic SVCS that developed following implantation of permanent pacemakers or implanatable cardioverter defibrillators and were treated with one of five different modalities: anticoagulation, thrombolysis, venoplasty, stenting, and surgical reconstuction. Duration of follow‐up and incidence of recurrence of symptoms were the main end‐points. Results: One hundred and four eligible cases from 74 different publications were identified, in which SVCS presented at a median of 48 (range 0–396) months after device implantation. We found that over the last 40 years, conservative treatments have been replaced by surgical reconstruction, and most recently by stenting, as the most common therapeutic modality employed. Anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and venoplasty alone were all associated with high recurrence rates. Surgery and stenting were more successful: recurrence rates were 12% and 5% over a median follow‐up of 16 (range: 2–179) and 9.5 (range: 2–60) months, respectively. Conclusions: Currently, transvenous stenting is the most common treatment used for pacemaker‐related SVCS, usually with conservation of the implanted leads. Both surgery and stenting appear to be effective treatments, with low incidences of recurrent SVCS over the first 12 months, but there is unfortunately a paucity of data on long‐term outcomes. (PACE 2010; 420–425)     

Laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy for benign lower ureteric stricture: case study and literature review

The surgical treatment of distal ureteric strictures depends on their length and aetiology. Laparoscopic procedures in this setting are uncommon. We describe a laparoscopic non-refluxing ureteroneocystostomy for a symptomatic distal ureteric stricture performed on a 26-year-old man. The operation was carried out successfully without complication. Blood loss was 100 ml with an operating time of 250 min. He was discharged on the fourth day and returned to work after 11 days. Retrograde ureterography and cystography after 1 month showed no evidence of obstruction or reflux. At 3 months, an intravenous urogram showed excellent drainage and at 6 months the patient remained asymptomatic. We advocate the use of laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy for benign distal ureteric stricture refractory to endoscopic procedures. In symptomatic patients, it is a feasible, safe, minimally invasive procedure with all the added benefits of laparoscopy compared with open repair. A non-refluxing anastomosis is preferable. Reconstructive and intracorporeal suturing skills are needed to carry out this procedure.     

Early endoscopic realignment of traumatic anterior and posterior urethral disruptions under caudal anaesthesia - a 5-year review

Objective: We recently described early rigid retrograde endoscopic realignment of the disrupted urethra under caudal anaesthesia in the outpatient setting. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate our medium‐term results. Patients and methods: A retrospective review of patients who had early rigid retrograde endoscopic realignment of traumatic urethral disruptions in our institution over a 5‐year period was done and the relevant data extracted and analyzed. Results: Fourteen acutely ruptured urethras (10 posterior and four anterior) were endoscopically realigned early in the study period. Nine (90%) of the posterior disruptions occurred at bulbo‐membranous urethra (distal to the external sphincter mechanism). Thirteen of the ruptured urethras (93%) were successfully realigned (nine posterior and four anterior) and postoperative clean intermittent self‐calibration (CIC) was instituted in 10 patients. The mean follow‐up period was 36.6 months (range 18–54 months). The mean operating time and the median hospital stay were 22 min (range 8–68 min) and 3 days (range 1–10 days), respectively, and were shorter in patients with injuries of the anterior urethra than those with posterior urethral tears (p ≤ 0.0001). Post‐realignment, all 13 patients were potent and continent. Two patients required additional procedures (direct vision internal urethrotomy or urethral dilation) and one patient has remained on CIC i.e. a stricture rate of 21%. Conclusion: Early retrograde endoscopic realignment under caudal analgesia is suitable and cost‐effective for patients with acute traumatic urethral disruptions and has good medium‐term results. In addition, an early postoperative regimen of CIC significantly reduced stricture‐formation in our series.     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱全切+原位回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌

目的探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱全切+原位回肠新膀胱术的手术方法和经验。方法回顾分析2011年3月-2014年10月该院14例浸润性膀胱癌患者的临床资料。结果 13例成功施行了腹腔镜根治性膀胱全切+原位回肠新膀胱术,1例因术中膀胱内肿瘤出血增加术野无法显露而中转开放手术。12例在直视下行新膀胱尿道间断吻合,2例在腹腔镜下采用单针连续缝合法行新膀胱尿道吻合。手术平均时间444 min,术中平均出血量490 ml。术后病理提示12例为膀胱尿路上皮癌,其中1例伴部分鳞状细胞癌,2例为膀胱腺癌。2例患者术后出现尿漏,经保守治疗后治愈,1例术后出现尿失禁。术后随访6~56个月,3例死于肿瘤远处转移,1例目前发生肿瘤颅内转移。其余10例目前仍无瘤生存,其中1例术后1年出现尿道内口狭窄,经行尿道狭窄内切开术后治愈。10例患者目前控尿功能恢复良好,新膀胱容量约300 ml。结论腹腔镜根治性膀胱全切+原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌疗效确切、安全、创伤小及术后恢复快,可作为临床浸润性膀胱癌的首选治疗方法。