子宫肌瘤导管栓塞治疗的临床与病理研究

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效、安全性及栓后切除标本的病理改变与意义。方法 44例子宫肌瘤患者行经导管子宫动脉注射碘油平阳霉素乳剂（LPE）加明胶海绵颗粒栓塞治疗,其中7例于栓塞后1－6周行全宫切除或肌瘤剔除术,标本送病理检查。另37例随访1－6个月,主要观察临床症状改变及肌瘤大小与子宫体积变化。同时,通过栓塞后月经观察、卵巢内分泌功能测试、经前诊刮及栓塞后全子宫切除标本病理研究,了解栓塞后卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织的改变。结果 总的症状改善率91．9％（34／37）,其中月经完全恢复正常者占91．4％（32／35）,下腹部、腰腿胀痛消失者占83．3％（25／30）,尿频、尿急等压迫症状消失者占45．57％（5／11）。栓后6个月肌瘤体积平均缩小62．4％,子宫体积平均缩小50．6％。月经观察无闭经病例发生,经前诊刮病理提示子宫内膜呈分泌期改变。卵巢内分泌功能测试栓塞前后变化无明显差异（P＞0．05）。手术标本病理观察,碘油仅分布于肌瘤组织,栓后2周肌瘤出现点状坏死,3周出现大量片状坏死,随着时间延长坏死范围逐渐增大,而正常子宫肌层未见坏死。结论 TUAE是一项治疗子宫肌瘤安全、有效的新技术;IPE作为栓塞剂,对正常子宫肌层不构成损害。     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的副反应与并发症分析

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤的副反应与并发症及其防治措施。方法 182例子宫肌瘤接受TUAE治疗，患者年龄28－51岁，平均39．4.TUAE怀经导管双侧子宫动脉注入超化碘油－平阳毒素乳剂（LPE），然后以明胶海绵颗粒栓塞子宫动脉近端至血流变缓慢。栓塞后住院治疗3－10d，出院的后分别于栓塞后1个月，3个月，6个月，1年，2年回院复查，期间观察副反应与并发症。结果 TUAE的副反应包括不同和程度的栓后综合征（182例，100％），尿频，尿急，尿痛（24例，13．2％）和阴道少量流血（25例，13．7％）。TUA的并发症则包括阴道排泄坏死肌瘤组织（5例，2．8％，尿潴留（10例，5．5％），尿路感染（1例，0．5％），小阴唇溃疡（1例，0．5％），臂部淤血，溃烂（1例，0．5％）和卵巢囊肿继发感染（1例，0．5％）。以上TUAE的副作用经过症或特别处理后均恢复正常，无后遗症发生。结论 TUAE的副反应是可逆的TUAE的并发症均是可以防治的。     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤并发闭经的原因分析

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤并发闭经的原因。方法 搜集1999年4月至2004年5月，接受TUAE治疗的子宫肌瘤患者231例，年龄29～51岁，平均39．5岁。TUAE均采用经导管双侧子宫动脉注射碘油-平阳霉素乳剂的方式，其中碘油用量6～20ml，平阳霉素用量8～16mg，231例中186例加用明胶海绵颗粒果栓塞。结 231例中2例分别于TUAE后3和4个月发生闭经，发生率0．87％。1例考虑为卵巢功能受损引起的闭经，表现为雌二醇（E2）下降，促卵泡成熟激素（FSH）增高，经过1年的雌孕激素序贯治疗，患者月经逐渐恢复正常；另1例经宫腔镜证实为子宫内膜萎缩所致。结论 TUAE后极少数人可发生闭经，其原因与卵巢功能受损及子宫内膜萎缩有关。     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞术(TUAE)治疗子宫肌瘤的方法、疗效及并发症.方法 本组82例,由临床、超声、CT检查确诊为子宫肌瘤,其中黏膜下肌瘤5例,肌壁间肌瘤72例,浆膜下肌瘤5例.单发肌瘤15例,多发肌瘤67例.采用Seldinger技术,经导管双侧子宫动脉注入超液化碘油-平阳霉素乳剂,然后以明胶海绵颗粒栓塞子宫动脉近端.栓塞后3个月、6个月回院复查.结果 插管成功率100%.随访3～6个月,所有病例在治疗后3个月B超示肌瘤体积平均缩小51%,瘤体内血流信号明显减少;6个月肌瘤体积平均缩小43%,其中19例肌瘤消失.所有病例月经恢复正常;贫血病例,血红蛋白升至正常范围.并发症发生率6%(5/82),经处理后均恢复正常.结论 TUAE治疗子宫肌瘤创伤小,疗效显著;TUAE并发症少,是可以防治的.     

超选择子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤疗效及并发症分析

目的：研究超选择子宫动脉栓塞术（UAE）对子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法：我院于1999年8月－2001年6月对405例子宫肌瘤患者进行双侧子宫动脉栓塞并对其进行随访分析疗效。结果：插管的成功率为99．8％，随访3－12个月。B超示术后3个月肌瘤体积平均缩小40％－60％，6个月后子宫肌瘤体积平均缩小50％－70％，其中22个肌瘤消失。96％的患者症状消失或改善，并发症发生率1％。结论：子宫肌瘤的介入治疗是一种创伤小，恢复快，疗效肯定的方法。     

选择性子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用

目的：观察双侧子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果。方法：采用Seldinger’s技术经皮股动脉穿刺插管，超选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗43例子宫肌瘤患者，栓塞剂选用PVA颗粒(直径分别为335～500μm、500～710μm)，完全阻断子宫动脉血流，术后定期随访观察。结果：栓塞后肌瘤的血供可完全阻断。术后1、3、6个月复查，一般术后当月即见月经血量减少，本组有40例在术后3个月后月经均基本恢复正常，余3例也有改善，无1例出现闭经者。术后1个月彩超复查，子宫体积缩小10％以上，肌瘤缩小0．5～1．0cm，3个月复查，子宫体积缩小20％以上，肌瘤缩小15％～40％，6个月复查，子宫体积缩小40％以上，肌瘤缩小20％～60％。结论：子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤是一种安全可靠的微创治疗技术．     

白芨加明胶海绵栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效观察

目的：评价白芨加明胶海绵栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤临床疗效。方法：收集我院2000年5月至2003年5月用白芨加明胶海绵栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤病人50例，采用Seldinger技术，对50例子宫肌瘤患者进行选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗。栓塞后3个月，6个月、12个月、24个月、36个月、48个月行临床与B超随访观察疗效。结果：超选择性插管及栓塞成功率为100％，栓塞后绝大多数患者临床症状消失，随访16—48个月，1例因子宫感染坏死行子宫切除，1例40个月后肌瘤又增大行子宫切除，2例闭经，15例肌瘤消失，31例肌瘤不同程度的缩小。结论：白芨加明胶海绵栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤是一种创伤小、术后并发症发生率低，可以保留子宫及其功能的治疗措施，可使子宫肌瘤患者临床症状减轻或消失、肌瘤实体进行性缩小或消失。     

介入后活血化瘀法治疗子宫肌瘤临床研究

目的研究活血化瘀剂配合子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法活血化瘀剂配合子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤30例，并与对照组30例进行比较，观察两组患者栓塞术后毒性反应、月经改变、子宫和子宫肌瘤体积的变化。结果与对照组比较，治疗组腹痛、发热、胃肠道反应、肢体乏力等症状消失改善早，阴道流血持续时间缩短（P〈0．05）；月经过多、经期延长改善早，经期出血量较对照组减少（P〈0．05），子宫及肌瘤缩小改善早，肌瘤较对照组缩小（P〈0．05）。结论活血化瘀剂能有效缓解子宫动脉栓塞术后毒性反应，促进子宫肌瘤体积进一步缩小，其作用机制和远期疗效有待进一步研究。     

碘油平阳霉素乳剂和聚乙烯醇颗粒栓塞子宫肌瘤的临床研究

目的评价碘油平阳霉素乳剂和聚乙烯醇颗粒（PVA）栓塞子宫肌瘤的疗效及安全性。方法回顾分析73例经碘油平阳霉素乳剂或PVA治疗的子宫肌瘤患者的资料,分成两组进行比较,其中A组（29例）采用碘油平阳霉素乳剂作为栓塞剂,B组（44例）采用PVA（直径300～700μm）作为栓塞剂,观察手术并发症,比较术前及术后6个月的子宫体积、肌瘤体积及性激素变化情况。结果A、B两组插管栓塞成功率100%,术后子宫及肌瘤体积均明显缩小,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05） 两组患者术后症状明显改善,栓塞前后性激素无明显变化,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05） 无严重并发症。结论碘油平阳霉素乳剂与PVA是治疗子宫肌瘤的安全、有效的栓塞材料,但平阳霉素是化疗药物,为避免近、远期的潜在并发症,使用PVA作为栓塞剂更安全。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用研究

分析子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的有效性和安全性。材料和方法：５１例子宫肌瘤行子宫通读动脉栓塞治疗,分别于栓塞后１、３、６、１２个月行Ｂ超随访肿瘤体积变化。结果：现例均无子宫坏死一严重并发症。栓塞后６个月,肿瘤体积缩小大于５０％、２０％￣５０％和小于２０％者分别为４１例（占８０．４％）、９例（１７．６％）和１例（占２％）,其中２例肿瘤全部消失。所有病例临床症状减轻或消失。４例自然受孕。结论：子宫动脉栓     

Uterine artery embolization using gelatin sponge particles alone for symptomatic uterine fibroids: midterm results.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of uterine artery embolization using gelatin sponge particles alone for women with symptomatic uterine fibroids. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During 38 months, 60 patients (age range, 32-52 years; mean age, 42.5 years) with symptomatic uterine fibroids underwent uterine artery embolization. Only gelatin sponge particles, approximately 500-1000 microm in diameter, were used in all patients. The improvement of clinical symptoms was assessed by questionnaire. Reduction of the largest tumor and uterine volume reductions were assessed using MR imaging. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 38 months (mean, 10.6 months). RESULTS: Menorrhagia improved markedly or moderately in 41 (98%) of 42 of patients 4 months after embolization and in 20 (100%) of 20 patients 1 year after embolization. Bulk-related symptoms improved markedly or moderately in 31 (97%) of 32 of patients 4 months after embolization and in 19 (100%) of 19 of patients 1 year after embolization. MR imaging revealed that the mean largest tumor volume reduction rates were 55% at 4 months and 70% at 1 year after embolization, and the mean uterine volume reduction rates were 40% at 4 months and 56% at 1 year after embolization. Follow-up MR imaging showed no new fibroids and no regrowth of existing fibroids. No major complications were observed in any women. CONCLUSION: We suggest that uterine artery embolization with gelatin sponge particles alone is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic fibroids. The outcomes bear comparison with those of uterine artery embolization using polyvinyl alcohol particles, which have been reported in the literature.     

Uterine artery embolization for pedunculated subserosal fibroids

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the outcomes of uterine artery embolization as a treatment for pedunculated subserosal fibroids, which we defined as those in which the diameter of the stalk was 50% narrower than the diameter of the fibroid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 72-month period, 196 consecutive women underwent embolization for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids that were confirmed on baseline sagittal and axial MR images. We identified those women with pedunculated subserosal fibroids treated with embolization and retrospectively assessed complications and out-comes of embolization using a serial questionnaire and MRI. RESULTS: Of the 196 women, 12 (age range, 34-48 years; mean age, 42.3 years) had one or more pedunculated subserosal fibroids. Fifteen pedunculated subserosal fibroids were identified on baseline MR images in the 12 patients. The mean tumor diameter was 8.3 cm (range, 4.0-15.5 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-9.9 cm). The mean stalk diameter was 3.1 cm (range, 2.0-5.5 cm; 95% CI, 2.5-3.7 cm). The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 51 months (mean, 18.1 months). No serious complications such as separation of the tumors from the uterus, torsion of the tumors, or infection occurred after embolization. Enhanced MR images obtained 1 week after embolization showed that complete devascularization of the tumors had been achieved in 73% (11/15) of the tumors. The rates of mean tumor volume reduction were 41% (range, 12-73%) 4 months and 53% (range, 31-85%) 1 year after embolization. The mean stalk diameter was 3.2 cm (range, 1.7-5.4 cm; 95% CI, 2.5-3.9 cm) 4 months and 2.9 cm (range, 1.1-4.2 cm; 95% CI, 1.8-3.9 cm) 1 year after embolization. No significant difference in stalk diameters was noted 4 months (p=0.617) or 1 year (p=0.963) after embolization compared with the diameters before the treatment. The rates of mean uterus volume reduction were 35% (range, 15-47%) 4 months and 47% (range, 35-60%) 1 year after embolization. Marked or moderate improvement in bulk-related symptoms was achieved in 100% (10/10) of the women at 4-month follow-up, 100% (5/5) at 1-year follow-up, and 100% (2/2) at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: We found no serious complications after embolization for pedunculated subserosal fibroids with stalk diameters of 2 cm or larger. Successful outcomes can be obtained in such tumors.     

子宫肌瘤导管栓塞治疗后的病理改变

探讨子宫肌瘤行经导管子宫动脉栓塞(TUAE)治疗后的病理变化及临床意义。研究证实,TUAE后肌瘤组织随时间改变呈现动态病理变化,即先发生充血、水肿,随后发生坏死,最后出现纤维组织增生,这一动态病理变化是TUAE后肌瘤体积不断缩小的病理基础。绝大多数肌瘤呈不完全坏死,因此肌瘤可能复发。影响坏死范围的因素包括肌瘤大小与部位及栓塞后时间长短。TUAE后正常子宫组织可能出现炎症反应,但无坏死改变。周围附件器官末梢血管发现栓塞剂,提示TUAE对卵巢、输卵管功能有潜在的影响。     

Uterine fibroleiomyoma: MR imaging appearances before and after embolization of uterine arteries

PURPOSE: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances of uterine fibroleiomyoma before and after embolization and to determine whether there are preembolization MR imaging characteristics that are predictive of a successful outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging was performed in 18 patients (32 fibroleiomyomas) before and at 2 and 6 months after embolization of the uterine arteries. On each occasion, fibroleiomyoma signal intensity and gadolinium enhancement characteristics were assessed in comparison with those of myometrium on T1-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced images or with those of skeletal muscle on T2-weighted images. Fibroleiomyoma volume was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. RESULTS: The mean fibroleiomyoma volume before embolization was 340 cm3 (range, 15-1,383 cm3). The mean reduction in fibroleiomyoma volume was 43% at 2 months and 59% at 6 months. Before embolization, high signal intensity on T1-weighted images was predictive of a poor response (P = .008), and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images was predictive of a good response (P = .007). The degree of gadolinium enhancement was not correlated with fibroleiomyoma volume reduction (P = .46). CONCLUSION: MR imaging was useful for evaluation of changes in fibroleiomyoma volume after uterine arterial embolization. MR imaging characteristics of fibroleiomyomas before embolization can help predict subsequent response to treatment.     

动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤

目的观察动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果.方法采用Seldinger方法动脉栓塞治疗86例子宫肌瘤患者.经股动脉穿刺,将导管选择性插入双侧子宫动脉,经导管注入PVA和平阳霉素,阻断肌瘤血供.动脉栓塞6个月后对患者的临床症状和超声检查结果进行分析,同时还分析了该方法的并发症和失败原因.结果经血管造影发现,子宫肌瘤血供丰富,均由双侧子宫动脉供血,栓塞双侧子宫动脉后,子宫肌瘤血供可完全阻断,治疗后6个月的随访结果表明月经量及月经周期恢复正常,疼痛明显改善,肌瘤和子宫明显缩小.临床有效率91%.结论动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤是一种创伤小,临床治疗效果好的新方法.     

经导管栓塞子宫动脉治疗子宫肌瘤（附8例报告）

目的 评价经导管栓塞子宫动脉治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法8例肌壁间子宫肌瘤,经右股动脉穿刺,运用seldinger技术,将4-5F cobra导管送至双侧髂内动脉行造影,观察子宫动脉肌瘤供血染色情况。确认子宫动脉后,将导管超选至子宫动脉内,行明胶海绵颗粒栓塞,阻断肌瘤血供。结果8例肌壁问子宫肌瘤,7例双侧子宫动脉供血,1例单侧子宫动脉供血．经100％明胶海绵颗粒栓塞后造影复查,瘤体血供完全阻断,染色消失。8例术后3-4个月月经正常。术后1个月“B超”复查。证实肌瘤似较前缩小。术后3个月“B超”复查,3例肌瘤消失,术后半年“B超”复查,只有一例未完全消失,进一步证实为子宫腺肌症。术后8个月“B超”复查,腺肌症病变仍存在,但范围明显缩小,子宫大小趋于正常,临床症状完全消失。结论经导管栓塞子宫动脉是一种创伤小,治疗效果肯定的新型治疗方法。     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞对卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织的影响

目的：探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）对卵巢功能与正常子宫肌组织的影响及意义。资料与方法：101例子宫肌瘤与25例子宫腺肌病患者行经导管子宫动脉注射碘油平阳霉素乳剂（LPE）加明胶海绵颗粒栓塞治疗。通过栓塞后月经观察、卵巢内分泌功能测试、MR检查、经前诊刮及栓塞后全子宫切除标本病理研究，了解栓塞后卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织的改变。结果：月经观察无闭经发生，经前诊刮病理提示子宫内膜呈分泌期改变。卵巢内分泌功能测试栓塞前后变化无明显差异（P＞0．05）。MR检查正常子宫肌层未见缺血改变，切除标本病理观察正常子宫肌组织亦未见坏死发生。结论：TUAE是一项安全的治疗技术，对卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织无不良影响。     

子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞术后血流,女性激素变化及疗效的近、中期观察

目的　观察子宫肌瘤患者行动脉栓塞术后近、中期肌瘤体积 ,子宫及肌瘤血流的变化 ,临床症状的改善及女性激素水平变化的特点。方法　对 40例子宫肌瘤患者进行一次性双侧子宫动脉栓塞术术前及术后 3月、6月、9月、12月、2 4月、3 6月及 48月定期做超声测定肌瘤体积 ,子宫及肌瘤血流状态 ,定期测定血液中各类女性激素浓度 ,随访患者临床症状的变化。结果　所有患者术后各个时期随访 ,肌瘤内都未见血流信号。统计学数据表明 ,术后各期正常子宫血流与术前比较无显著差异。术后各期月经较术前明显改善 ,肌瘤显著缩小 ,与术前比较有显著差异。其中 ,术后 3～ 9月肌瘤持续缩小 ,且术后 3～ 9月之间各期肌瘤体积有显著差异 ,术后 9～48个月之间各期肌瘤大小测定无显著差异。术后各期HCG ,LH ,E2 ,FSH ,PRL ,P ,T激素水平与术前比较无差异。结论　子宫肌瘤栓塞术是一种有效的治疗手段