丙型肝炎病毒感染的献血者12年追踪观察

目的动态追踪观察HCV感染的献血者健康状况、疾病进程和转归。方法选择刚发生HCV感染的献血者,12年中定期抽血检测,观察其HCV RNA、抗-HCV和ALT的动态变化,并按HCV RNA出现的阳性频率和转阴趋势分为两组(第1组阳性率低且趋转阴,第2组则相反),调查这些感染者的健康状况,并进行肝脾B超检查和肝组织病理检查。结果①第1组中的7名受试者血清(血浆)HCV-RNA呈间隙性阳性,阳性率为41.6%(47/113),其血清ALT异常率为14.4%(16/111),其中4名作肝活检后均诊断为轻度慢性肝炎,病理改变程度是:G1、S0和G1、S1各2例;②第2组中的19名受试者血清(血浆)HCV RNA呈持续性阳性,阳性率为88.2%(276/313),其血清ALT异常率为50.3%(159/316),其中6名肝活检也诊断为轻度慢性肝炎,但病理改变明显,G2、S2有2例,G2、S1有4例;③26名受试者一般健康状况尚佳,除部分肝脾B超呈现实质回声增强外,无其他特殊情况发现。结论26名HCV感染的献血者12年间均已发展为轻度慢性丙型肝炎;其中7名受试者病情在恢复,19名受试者病情可能有发展。     

丙型肝炎病毒感染的献血者肝组织病理改变及血清学指标变化的分析

本文报道献血者发生丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染8年后,肝组织病理改变及某些血清学指标的变化.结果表明,11例HCV感染者肝活检情况均为轻度慢性肝炎;按组织病理学分级(G)和分期(S),均为G1-G2级和S0-S3期.这11例感染者中10例HCV抗体长期阳性和HCV RNA长期阳性,但HCV RNA检测时有间隙性阴转.血清ALT水平波动较大,近两年(感染后7～8年)这11例感染者的22次测定,有7次ALT值轻度至中度升高(32%).以上结果表明,一旦发生HCV感染,大多将向慢性肝炎发展.     

丙型肝炎病毒感染的献血者肝组织病理改变及血清学指标变化的分析

本文报道献血者发生丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染8年后，肝组织病理改变及某些血清学指标的变化。结果表明，11例HCV感染者肝活检情况均为轻度慢性肝炎；按组织病理学分级（G）和分期（S），均为G1-G2级和S0-S3期。这11例感染者中10例HCV抗体长期阳性和HCV RNA长期阳性，但HCV RNA检测时有间隙性阴转，血清ALT水平波动较大，近两年（感染后7-8年）这11例感染者的22次测定，有7次ALT值轻度至中度升高（32%），以上结果表明，一旦发生HCV感染，大多将向慢性肝炎发展。     

天津地区无偿献血者HCVRNA与抗-HCV、ALT检测结果相关性分析

目的探讨本中心无偿献血者丙型肝炎病毒RNA(HCV RNA),与丙型肝炎抗体(抗-HCV)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)检测结果之间的相关性。方法经ELISA检测抗-HCV阳性标本313例,采用转录介导的扩增(TMA)-化学发光法定性检测HCV RNA,速率法检测ALT水平。结果 313例抗-HCV阳性血清中HCV RNA阳性者141例(阳性率45.05%);抗-HCV S/CO值1-3.79实验组,HCV RNA阳性率为5%,抗-HCV S/CO值为3.80-4.99的实验组,HCV RNA阳性率为76.74%,S/CO值≥5时,HCV RNA阳性率为56.25%。各组之间差异具统计学意义(P<0.05);抗-HCV(+)/HCV RNA(-)组与抗-HCV(+)/HCV RNA(+)组的ALT检测异常率,分别为17.44%和17.73%,2组之间差异无统计学意义。结论 HCV RNA阳性率与抗-HCV的S/CO值有一定相关性;在抗-HCV异常的无偿献血者人群中,ALT异常率与HCV RNA检测结果无相关性。     

广州地区首次参加无偿献血人群HCV感染的流行病学调查

目的了解广州地区首次参加无偿献血人群HCV的感染状况。方法抗-HCV检测采用酶联免疫吸附实验(使用2种不同厂家的试剂盒),HCV RNA检测采用荧光定量PCR法,ALT检测采用速率法。结果2004—2007年在广州血液中心首次参加无偿献血的559890名献血者中,1617名经双试剂检测抗-HCV阳性,阳性率为0.289%。随机选取435名双试剂检测抗-HCV阳性血液标本进行RNA检测,266名阳性,占61.15%,男女(P<0.01)HCV RNA阳性率有统计学意义(P<0.01)。266名抗-HCV检测阳性献血者中,ALT升高(>40U)的为18名(其中男性17名),不合率为6.77%,男女ALT的不合格比有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论随着无偿献血的开展,献血人群中HCV的阳性率不断下降;不同性别的个体清除HCV的能力不同,女性高于男性。     

肝组织病毒学检测对血清HCVRNA阴性慢性HCV感染者诊治价值探讨

目的探讨肝组织病毒学检测对血清丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸(HCV RNA)阴性慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染患者的诊治价值。方法我院收治的血清HCV RNA阴性(连续3次监测)慢性HCV感染患者46例,均行经皮穿刺肝组织活检,测定肝组织HCV RNA定量结果,明确是否存在慢性HCV感染,对肝组织HCV RNA阳性者给予抗病毒治疗,评定肝组织病理炎症坏死及纤维化改善情况,并测定血清及肝组织HCV RNA定量。结果 46例患者肝组织HCV RNA阳性率为71.74%,抗-HCV阳性率为89.13%;抗-HCV阳性患者肝组织HCV RNA阳性率为75.61%,抗-HCV阴性患者肝组织HCV RNA阳性率为40.00%;33例肝组织HCV RNA阳性患者中HCV基因型为1型者18例(54.55%),非1型15例(45.45%),非1型慢性HCV感染患者末次随访肝组织HCV RNA阴转率高于1型慢性HCV感染患者(P0.05)。末次随访时,患者肝组织Knodell HAI评分、Ishak评分均低于治疗前(P0.05)。结论血清HCV RNA阴性慢性HCV感染者肝组织病毒学检查阳性率较高,对血清HCV RNA阴性、抗-HCV阴性且原因不明反复肝功能异常患者,建议行经皮穿刺肝组织活检,可提高HCV感染检出率,并为患者临床抗病毒治疗提供有效指导。     

沈阳地区无偿献血者戊型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

目的调查沈阳地区无偿献血者戊型肝炎病毒感染情况。方法随机抽取2250例无偿献血者标本,采用ELISA方法检测HEV-Ag、抗-HEV IgG和抗-HEV IgM。结果 2 250名无偿献血者标本HEV-Ag阳性率为0;抗-HEV IgG阳性率为28.76%(647/2 250);抗-HEV IgM阳性率为2.58%(58/2 250)。ALT异常的抗-HEV IgG和抗-HEV IgM阳性率高于正常样品。结论献血者存在感染HEV情况,可能与ALT异常相关,为保证用血安全,有必要对输血感染风险进行评估。     

无偿献血人群中HCV/OBI共感染者的分子流行病学特征

目的了解无偿献血人群丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染者中隐匿性乙肝感染(OBI)率,为进一步阐明HCV/OBI的作用机制提供科学依据。方法采用盖立复PROCLEIX TIGRIS、罗氏cobas s 201和罗氏E601等仪器对2011年1月—2015年7月广州无偿献血者中的933(人)份HCV感染者标本做HBV DNA和抗-HBc检测,比较HCV单纯感染者和HCV/OBI共感染者之间性别、年龄、民族和转氨酶的差异;巢式PCR扩增HCV/OBI共感染者HCV C区和S区,并构建进化树和基因分型,荧光定量PCR检测HCV和HBV的病毒载量;另外,随机选取同期本地HCV 6a基因型的44名单纯HCV感染者和16名HCV/HBV共感染者最为对照组,通过巢式PCR扩增各组HCV C区,并对3组对象的HCV核心蛋白氨基酸序列做比对分析。结果本组HCV感染的献血者标本中,有6(人)份HBV DNA和抗-HBc阳性,亦即OBI感染率为6.43‰(6/933);该6份HCV/OBI共感染标本的HCV基因型中6a占83.3%(5/6)、1b占16.7%(1/6),HCV病毒载量(log_(10)IU/mL)为3.8—5.7(5.0±0.69)。HCV单纯感染者和HCV/OBI共感染者的性别、年龄、民族、籍贯和ALT均无明显差异(P>0.05)。HCV单纯感染者、HCV/HBV共感染者和HCV/OBI共感染者HCV核心蛋白序列氨基酸变异数分别为0.8±1.3 vs 0.7±1.5 vs 0.4±0.5(P>0.05),没有在HCV/OBI共感染者中发现一致性的结构或突变规律。结论广州地区无偿献血人群HCV感染者中的OBI阳性率较高。     

抗-HCV阳性献血者血清HCV RNA水平与ALT活性的关系

目的 分析抗-HCV阳性献血者血清HCV RNA含量与ALT活性的关系。方法 采用ELISA法检测抗-HCV，阳性标本用荧光PCR试剂盒测定HCV RNA，分析标本ALT活性与HCV RNA水平的关系。结果 60份抗-HCV阳性标本经PCR检测后有27份标本含有HCV RNA，HCV RNA拷贝量与ALT活性呈正相关，且标本的HCV RNA含量越多，ALT活性也越高(P＜0．01)。结论 献血者中筛查ALT并结合PCR技术，能减少HCV经血传播的危险。     

深圳献血者中HCV感染自然清除与病毒血症特征分析

目的测定我国深圳地区献血者中的丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染者自然清除和病毒血症,即自然康复与慢性感染者比率及其人群特征,为丙型肝炎防治研究提供数据。方法对深圳献血者中抗-HCV初筛阳性的血清标本采用2种EIA方法进行抗体再测定,以定量PCR方法测定病毒载量,并采用巢式PCR对核酸进行确认,进而将标本分为3种HCV感染状态,即病毒自然清除(RNA-/Ab+)、病毒血症(RNA+/Ab+)和假阳性(RNA-/Ab-),通过统计学方法分析3种感染状态献血者在临床信息(性别、年龄)、ALT、抗-HCV的差异。HCV RNA阳性标本通过分析5'-NCR序列进行基因分型。结果 152份初筛抗-HCV阳性的标本中,病毒自然清除标本45份、病毒血症51份、假阳性56份。50份HCV定量PCR阳性标本病毒载量范围从[(12.6～2.43)×106]IU/ml(中位值2.54×104IU/ml)。36份进行基因分型的标本包括47.2%基因1型、5.6%基因2型、19.4%基因3型和27.8%基因6型。慢性感染组标本的年龄及抗-HCV水平(S/CO值)显著高于病毒自然清除和假阳性组(χ2=7.812,P0.05;χ2=90.865,P0.01)。结论深圳地区献血者HCV感染病毒自然清除率约为46.9%。HCV基因型中1型为主要,6型也占有较高比例。年龄小、女性献血者更易于自然清除病毒。病毒血症即慢性感染者HCV抗体水平显著升高,其在HCV自然康复过程中的作用还有待进一步研究。     

对丙型肝炎病毒感染的10名献血者的追踪研究

目的：了解感染丙型肝炎病毒（ Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ）献血者的预后。方法：选择刚发生 Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ 感染的３０ 名献血者,进行定期多项指标的动态追踪观察,对其中１０ 名自愿者作了肝组织病理检查。结果：１０ 名 Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ 感染者４ 年的１０３ 份系列血清检测及肝组织检查获得以下结果：①血清各种 Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ 抗体大多持续存在,１０ 人中无 Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ 抗体完全转阴者;②１０ 名感染者中 ９ 名血清 Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 持续阳性或间断阳性,仅 １ 名在感染后１ 年转阴;③血清 Ａ Ｌ Ｔ 水平常有波动,１０ 名感染者１０３ 份血清 Ａ Ｌ Ｔ水平异常者占 ３０％ ;④１０ 名 Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ 感染者肝活检均表现为轻度慢性肝炎,７ 人的肝组织中有６ 人查到 Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ。结论：发生 Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ 感染的献血者大多有向慢性肝炎发展的趋势,因此对 Ｈ Ｃ Ｖ 感染的献血者应当积极采取适当治疗措施,以控制其向慢性肝炎发展。     

Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in paraffin embedded tissue sections of human liver of non-A, non-B hepatitis patients by in situ hybridization.

Localization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was investigated by non-radioactive in situ hybridization in human liver specimens of chronic non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis patients who were seropositive for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV). For in situ hybridization, T-T dimerized synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probes were used and DNAs hybridized in situ were detected immunohistochemically using specific antibodies against T-T dimer. The data demonstrates that HCV-RNA was localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in human liver biopsies obtained from the patients with chronic NANB hepatitis seropositive for anti-HCV.     

Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Scottish blood donors

SUMMARY. All blood donors in Scotland who were found to be infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the first 6 months of routine testing of all donations for anti-HCV were contacted. Those who attended were counselled, a history of exposure to risk was sought, and blood was taken for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level as a measure of liver function. The epidemiological features were then correlated with the virological findings and ALT.
In the period under study between September 1991 and February 1992, 180658 blood donors attended. The prevalence of HCV infection was 0.088%. Of the 151 donors who attended for counselling, 101 (68%) were male. Intravenous drug use was the most common risk activity (39%), followed by previous blood transfusion (15.2%), other parenteral exposure (11.2%) and heterosexual contact with a parenterally infected partner (8.6%); 29.1% of donors gave no history of possible exposure.
Elevated ALT levels were found in 59%. ALT levels were higher in donors with HCV types 1 and 3 than in HCV type 2 or non-viraemic donors.
The prevalence of HCV in Scottish blood donors is thus relatively low. This may relate to the effectiveness of donor selection procedures, but donors with risk activities which should debar them continue to donate. The combination of ALT and PCR appears to be useful in counselling and assessing infected donors.     

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among blood donors: a hospital-based study.

Insofar as chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in many individuals is asymptomatic, and as the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among blood donors in Lebanon is scarce, this study addressed the prevalence of anti-HCV in 5,115 blood donors. Data obtained were compared to other world regions. Of the blood donors screened, 57 were initially tested positive or doubtful for anti-HCV Ab. Subsequent testing by two-third generation enzyme immunoassays confirmed that, of the 57 initially tested positive/doubtful, only 18 were positive for anti-HCV giving a prevalence rate of 0.4%. While there was no difference in HCV prevalence with respect to age or gender, a higher rate was seen in non-Lebanese compared to Lebanese subjects (3.4% vs 0.3%, P < 0.001). These results demonstrate a low prevalence of HCV infection among Lebanese blood donors, which was comparable to those established for western countries.     

Infective, chronic carriers of Hepatitis C virus among blood donors with no history of clinical hepatitis

Summary. We investigated the infectivity of three hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) positive blood donors with either hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) (Nos 1 and 2) or raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (No. 3). The 57 recipients of blood products from these donors during the period 1971–1990 were identified and the living 23 were tested for anti-HCV. Among these, 11 out of 14 (78%) recipients from Nos 1 and 2, and 1 out of 9 (11 %) recipients from No. 3 were anti-HCV positive. The former donors had high titres of anti-C 100-3 and high rating scores in the HCV recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). They were evidently infective, chronic carriers of HCV but had no clinical signs or medical history of hepatitis. The latter donor had low titres of anti-C100-3 and a low RIBA rating score. She had clinical signs of chronic hepatitis and persistently elevated ALT, but only one of her recipients was anti-HCV positive.     

Hepatitis C in blood transfusion recipients identified at the Oxford Blood Centre in the national HCV look-back programme

After the introduction in September 1991 of donor screening for hepatitis C, 95 potentially infectious blood donors who had given blood before this date were identified at the Oxford blood centre. Three hundred and ninety-nine blood components issued previously from these donors were identified in the course of the national HCV look-back programme. Of 399 questionnaires sent to hospital blood banks 392 were returned, identifying 290 recipients of whom 177 (61%) had died, and 113 (39%) were still alive 4–13 years after transfusion. One hundred and four recipients were traced and tested. Forty-nine recipients were not HCV infected. Forty-four of 58 (76%) recipients who received blood from donors found to be HCV RNA positive after September 1991 gave positive test results for HCV RNA. Eleven of 58 showed only antibody (anti-HCV), and 3/58 who had apparently received infectious blood showed no sign of past infection. The 11 who showed anti-HCV only, together with the three who showed no sign of past infection despite strong evidence of receiving HCV RNA-positive blood, had a mean age at transfusion of 27 years, compared with mean age at transfusion of 46 years in the 44 recipients with persistent HCV infection. Virus genotyping in 33/44 HCV RNA-positive recipients revealed five different genotypes. These did not seem to influence the outcome. Virus genotypes in 31 donor–recipient pairs showed complete concordance. Liver biopsies in 23/44 RNA-positive recipients showed minimal inflammation in four, mild in eight and moderate in 11. Liver fibrosis, Ishak grades 1–3, was present in 16/23 recipients. One other male recipient, not subjected to a liver biopsy, developed a hepatocellular carcinoma which caused his death at the age of 71, 8 years after transfusion.