人工鼻泪管治疗鼻泪管阻塞性疾病的临床研究

目的:探讨人工鼻泪管植入术治疗鼻泪管阻塞的临床效果。方法:对225例261眼鼻泪管阻塞行人工鼻泪管植人术,经逆行扩张鼻泪道后植入人工鼻泪管,均于术前术后行泪道造影对比检查。结果:所选225例患者261眼进行人工鼻泪管植入手术,手术植入成功216例252眼,成功率为96.7%。术后3mo～2a(2008-01/2010-04)进行随访,术后3mo有效率95%,术后1a有效率91%,术后2a有效率75%。结论:人工鼻泪管植入术治疗泪道疾病无瘢痕无创伤,操作简单,有效率高。     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞鼻泪管发育的解剖特征研究

目的：通过鼻泪管CT平扫联合三维重建技术分析先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿鼻泪管发育的解剖特征。

方法：前瞻性病例对照研究。选取2018-09/2020-09就诊于保定市儿童医院眼科的单侧先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿84例84眼,行鼻泪管CT平扫联合三维重建,测量双侧鼻泪管起始段、中段、末段骨性鼻泪管的横径、前后径,观察分析鼻泪管发育的解剖特征。

结果：鼻泪管CT平扫联合三维重建技术可清晰显示儿童先天性鼻泪管阻塞鼻泪管发育的解剖特征。纳入患儿患侧起始段骨性鼻泪管横径4.63±0.92mm,前后径6.03±1.08mm,中段骨性鼻泪管横径4.02±0.88mm,前后径5.42±1.10mm,末段骨性鼻泪管横径4.26±0.93mm,前后径5.66±1.02mm,健侧起始段骨性鼻泪管横径4.12±0.78mm,前后径5.60±1.02mm,中段骨性鼻泪管横径3.92±0.86mm,前后径5.24±1.04mm,末段骨性鼻泪管横径4.30±0.98mm,前后径5.52±1.04mm,骨性鼻泪管起始段患侧较健侧横径、前后径均扩大(P<0.01),骨性鼻泪管中段和末段患侧较健侧均无明显变化(P>0.05)。

结论：先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿患侧骨性鼻泪管发育较健侧存在差异,患侧起始段扩张较为明显。     

泪道激光联合鼻泪管支架植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的 观察泪道激光成形联合鼻泪管支架植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞的效果.方法 鼻泪管阻塞85例(88眼).采用泪道激光成形联合鼻泪管支架植入手术治疗,随访6个月.结果 88眼中除2眼因为泪道探通术及泪道扩张失败未植入支架,余均顺利完成手术,1个月、3个月和6个月时总有效率分别为95.45％、85.23％和81.18％.结论 泪道激光成形联合鼻泪管支架植入术可用于治疗慢性鼻泪管阻塞.     

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common disorder in infants, with up to 20% of all newborns suffering from epiphora during the first year of life. This paper reviews the current evidence regarding the incidence, natural history, and management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. It highlights the role of nasendoscopy in improving the understanding of the condition, which has resulted in better overall management.     

Complications following temporary occlusion of the nasolacrimal duct with tissue adhesive (Histoacryl)

This paper presents 4 cases in which the punctum had been temporarily occluded with tissue adhesive, still showing toxic tissue reaction years later. Abscess, dacryocystitis, dacryocystitis with dacryolithiasis, dacryocellulitis and polyposis were found. In the light of these findings and the relevant literature-especially with regard to late injuries-it is not advisable to use tissue adhesive, at least not for the purpose of punctal occlusion.     

在鼻泪管阻塞性疾病中应用CT测量鼻泪道相关解剖参数的研究进展

鼻泪管阻塞性疾病(NLDOD)是临床发病率较高的一种眼科常见病,是由于炎症或其他原因引起的鼻泪管部分或全部阻塞不通,主要表现为溢泪,继发泪囊炎可出现溢脓,继发泪囊囊肿导致泪囊扩大、内眦肿胀等,开通阻塞的鼻泪管则是治疗鼻泪管阻塞性疾病的关键,明确鼻泪道相关解剖参数在鼻泪管阻塞性疾病的诊断和治疗中显得极为重要。而泪道CT是泪道影像学检查常用方法之一,便于对鼻泪道相关解剖参数进行测量。本文综述近年来在鼻泪管阻塞性疾病中应用CT测量鼻泪道相关解剖参数的研究进展,主要包括鼻泪道及泪囊的经线、面积、体积、角度等,分析总结相关解剖参数与鼻泪管阻塞性疾病的相关性,以便更好地指导临床。     

鼻泪道支架植入术治疗鼻泪道阻塞

目的：观察鼻泪道支架植入术治疗鼻泪道阻塞的近期及中期疗效,评价其临床应用价值。方法：对102例（136只眼）鼻泪道阻塞患者行鼻泪道支架植入术,经逆行扩张鼻泪道后植入特制的鼻泪道支架,并于手术前后行数字减影泪道造影检查,分析其疗效。结果：136只眼中,成功植入支架132只眼,手术成功率为97．1％。术后随访3个月,有效率为99．2％;1年随访有效率为91．4％。并发症包括支架植入失败、术中活动性出血及术后支架阻塞等。结论：鼻泪道支架植入术不改变局部解剖结构,是一种简单、安全及有效的治疗鼻泪道阻塞的新方法。     

鼻泪管支架植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞的疗效观察

目的探讨鼻泪管支架留置时间长短与临床疗效的关系。方法鼻泪管阻塞90例（90眼）随机分为两组,A组鼻泪管支架植入术后2个月拔管,B组12个月拔管,分别随访1a观察其复发率。同时观察两组在鼻泪管支架植入时期的临床表现。结果 A组38例（38眼）,拔管后1a内有16眼复发,（42.l0%）。B组52例（52眼）拔管后1a内有8眼复发（15.38%）。两组复发率差异有统计学意义χ^2=4.85,P〈0.05。两组在鼻泪管支架植入时期治愈率92.33%。结论鼻泪管支架植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞效果良好,而在鼻泪管支架植入期间临床治愈率最高。因此鼻泪管支架长期植入是治疗泪道狭窄的有效方法。     

鼻泪管阻塞性疾病患者鼻泪管管径的研究

目的：测量鼻泪管阻塞性疾病患者鼻泪管管径,分析患眼与正常眼之间、不同性别患眼之间、不同年龄段患眼骨性鼻泪管上、中、下口横向直径的差异,探讨鼻泪管横向直径与鼻泪管阻塞疾病的关系。

方法：收集2014-04/2017-01于成都中医药大学附属医院眼科就诊的鼻泪管阻塞性疾病患者152例(患眼179眼,正常眼125眼),其中男25例(患眼28眼,正常眼22眼),女127例(患眼151眼,正常眼103眼),年龄4～87(平均53.44±16.06)岁。所有患者泪道冲洗后灌注30%碘海醇注射液,并立即行泪道计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)检查,三维重建鼻泪管结构图,于斜冠状位上对鼻泪管及其临近组织结构进行观察,测量并分析患眼与正常眼之间、不同性别患眼之间、不同年龄段患眼之间骨性鼻泪管上、中、下口横向直径的差异。

结果：患眼与正常眼之间、不同性别患眼之间、不同年龄段患眼之间骨性鼻泪管上、中、下口横向直径值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患眼和正常眼的鼻泪管上、中、下口横向直径之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中中口横向直径最小。

结论：骨性鼻泪管横向管径不是形成鼻泪管阻塞的主要原因。     

鼻泪管阻塞的治疗

泪囊鼻腔吻合术是治疗鼻泪管阻塞最常用、最经典的方法。近年来,随着内镜技术的发展和对泪液引流机制认识的深入,鼻泪管阻塞的治疗方法由经皮泪囊鼻腔吻合术发展为内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术、泪道激光和置管、泪道内镜疏通术和泪道旁路手术等。内镜、激光和微创技术的应用,使鼻泪管阻塞的治疗手段多样,治疗成功率高、创伤小、复发率低、并发症少、恢复快。     

Tuberculosis of the nasolacrimal duct

Nasolacrimal tuberculosis is rare. The authors present a young Peruvian-born female with subacute onset of right eye epiphora, isolated right inferior turbinate enlargement, and ipsilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Turbinate and neck mass incisional biopsies demonstrated histopathological findings consistent with tuberculosis. QuantiFERON-TB Gold-In-Tube testing was positive. Complete resolution of symptoms occurred after dacryocystorhinostomy and 9 months of standard 4-drug antituberculosis therapy. Tuberculosis of the nasolacrimal duct is highly unusual but should be considered in patients with tuberculosis risk factors who present with nasolacrimal obstruction from an inferior turbinate mass.     

Factors affecting the success of nasolacrimal duct probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

PURPOSE: To ascertain the effect of certain parameters on nasolacrimal duct probing. METHODS: In a retrospective study of 142 infants and children who underwent nasolacrimal duct probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, age at time of probing, gender, symptom severity, presence of mucous discharge, and history of probing were correlated with success of nasolacrimal probing. Success of probing was defined as complete resolution of signs and symptoms of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Chi-square test was used to analyze covariance. RESULTS: Success of nasolacrimal duct probing was negatively correlated with increasing age: 92%, 89%, 80%, 71%, and 42% at age 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months, respectively (P = .001 at each interval). Increasing severity of epiphora was correlated with increased failure of nasolacrimal duct probing (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the success of nasolacrimal duct probing declines with age, probing in older children can remain the first line of treatment. Because increasing frequency of epiphora correlates with failure of nasolacrimal duct probing, children with daily epiphora should undergo early nasolacrimal duct probing.     

Long-term results after probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

The long term results of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction were reviewed using a parental questionnaire issued to both treated and age-matched control groups. On follow up 4-13 years after probing in childhood 30% of patients still had symptoms of epiphora or discharge. Surprisingly, a similar high symptom rate was found in the controls, such that there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of symptoms between the two groups. Probing had therefore apparently reduced the symptom rate to a level close to normal for the age group concerned. All studies on the incidence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction must be interpreted with reference to the known high rate of spontaneous resolution as a clear trend has been demonstrated towards a lower incidence of symptoms the longer the follow up after probing. This finding would support a policy of delay before further intervention in patients with mild residual symptoms after a technically successful probing.     

高频电烧灼术联合鼻泪管支架治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的 观察高频电烧灼术联合鼻泪管支架植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞的效果.方法 鼻泪管阻塞170例（176眼）.采用高频电烧灼术联合鼻泪管支架植入术治疗,随访6 ～ 12个月.结果 176眼中除4眼因为泪道探通术及泪道扩张失败未植入支架,余均顺利完成手术.术后1个月、3个月、6个月和12个月时总有效率分别为95.54％、85.23％、82.57％和81.18％.结论 高频电烧灼术联合鼻泪管支架植入术治疗鼻泪管阻塞,获得了较好的效果.     

Clinical outcomes of initial and repeated nasolacrimal duct office-based probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Purpose

To characterize the outcomes of initial and repeated office-based probing as a primary treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children.

Methods

The medical records of patients who underwent nasolacrimal duct office-based probing for CNLDO between March 2004 and January 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. Nasolacrimal duct probing was performed on 244 eyes from 229 consecutive patients with CNLDO. Patients who were refractory to the first probing underwent a second probing 4 to 8 weeks later.

Results

Based on exclusion criteria, 244 eyes from 229 patients (117 males and 112 females), aged 6 to 71 months (mean, 12.4 ± 8.36) were included. The success rate of the initial probing was 80% (196 of 244) for all patients, 82% (111 of 136) in the 6 to 12 month age group, 79% (64 of 81) in the 13 to 18 months age group, and 78% (21 of 27) among individuals older than 19 months (p = 0.868, Pearson chi-square test). The success rate of the second probing was 61% (25 of 41) for all patients, 74% (17 of 23) in the 6 to 12 months age group, 58% (7 of 12) in the 13 to 18 months age group, and 17% (1 of 6) among individuals older than 19 months (p = 0.043, Fisher''s exact test).

Conclusions

While the success rate of initial nasolacrimal duct probing is not affected by age, the rate of success rate with a second probing was significantly lower in patients older than 19 months. Based on the results, authors recommend further surgical interventions, such as silicone tube intubation or balloon dacryocystoplasty, instead of repeated office probing for patients older than 19 months, if an initial office probing has failed.     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞的治疗进展

先天性鼻泪管阻塞治疗方式的选择与年龄有关.1～3个月者选用挤压按摩泪囊法,3个月～1岁患儿可选用加压冲洗法,若治疗失败可选用泪道探通术.3岁以上患儿和泪道探通失败的病例可选用球囊插管扩张术.Ritleng插管系统行硅胶管植入适用于12个月以上患儿.阶梯治疗方案(依次采用泪道探通术、气囊导管扩张术、硅胶管插管法、鼻腔泪囊吻合术)值得推荐.未来手术方式选择应结合患儿年龄选择成功率高、损伤小、并发症少、低成本的手术.     

Measuring nasolacrimal duct volume using computed tomography images in nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients in Korean

AIM: To investigate nasolacrimal duct (NLD) volume in Korean patients and to examine the correlation between NLD volume and obstruction. METHODS: Of patients who underwent orbital computed tomography from March 2013 to January 2016, patients diagnosed with NLD obstruction were classified into the patient group and patients without obstruction were classified into the control group. The NLD volume was measured using the Image J program, which showed the NLD in axial, coronal, and sagittal images on computed tomography. RESULTS: The average value of men’s NLD volume, 265.33±90.57 mm3, was significantly larger than women’s, 211.87±68.61 mm3 (P=0.009). In the patient group, the NLD volume of the obstructed eyes, 242.49±82.93 mm3, and the non-obstructed eyes, 225.20±73.20 mm3, were significantly higher than the control group, 217.61±82.04 mm3 (P<0.001, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The NLD volume is larger in men than in women in Korean adults. If there is NLD obstruction in women, the NLD volume is larger and it is judged that inflammatory reaction caused a chronic change in the bone around the NLD and affect the measurement of NLD volume.