梗阻性黄疸手术应用单纯全麻与全麻复合硬膜外阻滞疗效比较

目的比较单纯全麻和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在梗阻性黄疸手术中对患者血液动力学变化及术后苏醒的影响。方法选择40例梗阻性黄疸患者,随机分成单纯全麻组(全麻组)、全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(复合组),每组20例。两组全麻方法相同,复合组在全麻基础上是复合低浓度小剂量硬膜外阻滞。记录入室后、插管时、术中、拔管时的HR、MAP,两组病人麻醉维持用药量及清醒拔管时间,术后躁动情况。结果复合组在插管拔管过程中HR、MAP均较全麻组低且平稳(P<0.05),全麻组拔管反应剧烈,在插管、拔管时各项指标与诱导前比较均显著升高(P<0.05)。全麻组全麻用药芬太尼、异氟醚、维库溴铵等用药量均显著多于复合组(P<0.05)。复合组较全麻组清醒快,拔管时间明显早于全麻组(P<0.05)。复合组发生躁动1例,显著低于全麻组的11例,P<0.05)。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞更加适合于梗阻性黄疸病人的麻醉。     

Urodynamic studies in the rabbit under the immobility reflex

We studied some urodynamic (UD) parameters in normal rabbits under immobility reflex (IR), without anesthesia. These parameters were compared after induction of anesthesia. We found that anesthesia had a depressing effect on these UD parameters. IR is a good method for studying rabbits without the effect of anesthesia.     

Narcotrend监测下硬膜外阻滞复合全麻在老年病人腹部手术中的应用

目的比较Narcotrend监测下硬膜外阻滞复合全麻和单纯全麻用于老年病人腹部手术的临床效果,探讨老年腹部手术病人更安全合理的麻醉方式。方法 40例ASAⅡ～Ⅲ择期行腹部手术的老年病人,随机分为硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组(EGA)和单纯全麻组(GA),每组20例。两组全麻诱导用药为舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg、顺苯磺阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg、依托咪酯0.2 mg/kg,气管插管后微泵持续输注丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼及间断静注顺苯磺阿曲库铵维持麻醉,术中行Narcotrend监测并使Narcotrend分级(NTS)维持在D0～D2之间。EGA组全麻诱导前先行硬膜外穿刺置管,注入试验剂量1.3%利多卡因3 ml,气管插管后硬膜外追加1.3%利多卡因6～8 ml,再以0.375%罗哌卡因5～8 ml/次维持硬膜外阻滞。术中监测血流动力学变化,术毕记录两组病人全麻维持用药量和病人睁眼时间、拔管时间及定位功能恢复时间等。结果 EGA组术中收缩压低于GA组(P<0.05);术中麻醉用药比较,EGA组丙泊酚及顺苯磺阿曲库铵用量少于GA组(P<0.05),EGA组瑞芬太尼用量明显少于GA组(P<0.01);恢复时间比较,EGA组病人睁眼时间、拔管时间、定位功能恢复时间均明显短于GA组(P<0.01);两组病人均无术中知晓发生。结论硬膜外阻滞复合全麻用于老年病人腹部手术血流动力学稳定,全麻药用量减少,病人恢复较快,是一种安全可行的麻醉方法,同时进行麻醉深度监测,有利于预防术中知晓。     

全麻联合针刺在老年腹部手术中的应用

目的：观察全麻联合针刺对老年腹部手术中血流动力学、应激反应及全麻药用量的影响。方法：80例择期行腹部手术老年患者随机分为全麻组（A组）和全麻联合针刺组（B组）,B组全麻诱导前先行针刺诱导,连续监测血流动力学变化,检测麻醉前、切皮后和术毕血清皮质醇（Cor）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、肾上腺素（E）和血糖（Glu）浓度。结果：A组气管插管后1min、切皮时、拔管毕的HR、MAP显著高于B组（P〈0．05）,切皮后及术毕B组血清Cor、NE、E及Glu浓度明显降低（P〈0．05）,B组术中丙泊酚、芬太尼用量减少,睁眼时间、完成指令时间、定位功能恢复时间缩短,术后躁动发生率低（P〈0．05）。结论：全麻联合针刺应用于老年患者腹部手术可使血流动力学稳定、应激反应降低、全麻药用量及术后躁动例数减少。     

胆道手术全麻-硬膜外复合麻醉围拔管期心血管反应的临床观察

目的 探讨全麻-硬膜外复合麻醉对胆道手术病人围拔管期心血管反应的影响。方法 ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期胆道手术患者40例,随机分成两组：Ⅰ组20例,采用单纯全麻;Ⅱ组采用全麻复合硬膜外麻。观察并记录两组术前、拔管前5 m in、拔管、拔管后5 m in的SBP、DBP、HR。结果Ⅰ组在围拔管期各时点、Ⅱ组在拔管时SBP、DBP、HR较术前显著升高（P〈0.01）;组间比较,Ⅱ组围拔管期各时点SBP、DBP、HR均低于与Ⅰ组（P〈0.01）,全麻用药量也少于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）。结论 全麻-硬膜外复合麻醉有利于维持胆道手术病人围拔管期血流动力学的相对稳定。     

The Effect of Local Anesthetic on Quality of Recovery Characteristics Following Dental Rehabilitation Under General Anesthesia in Children

This study is a randomized, prospective, double-blind study to evaluate the effects of the combination of local anesthetics and an intravenous nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) vs NSAID alone on quality of recovery following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA). Twenty-seven healthy children aged 3–5.5 years underwent dental rehabilitation under GA. Fifteen children in the experimental group received oral infiltration of local anesthetic in addition to intravenous ketorolac tromethamine, while 12 children in the control group received intravenous ketorolac tromethamine alone for postoperative pain management. Pain behaviors were evaluated immediately postoperatively using a FLACC scale and 4 hours postoperatively by self-report using various scales. Parents reported perception of child pain and comfort and any occurrences of postoperative cheek biting. The use of intraoral infiltration local anesthesia for complete dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia for children aged 3–5.5 years did not result in improved pain behaviors in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), nor did it result in improved pain behaviors 4–6 hours postoperatively as measured by the FLACC scale, FACES scale, and subjective reports of parents or a PACU nurse. Those children receiving local anesthesia had a higher incidence of negative symptoms related to local anesthetic administration, including a higher incidence of lip and cheek biting, which was of clinical importance, but not statistically significant. Infiltration of local anesthetic for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia did not improve quality of recovery in children aged 3–5.5 years.     

腰俞穴麻醉复合异丙酚静脉全麻用于PPH的临床观察

为观察腰俞穴麻醉复合异丙酚静脉全麻用于吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）的麻醉效果,回顾性分析腰俞穴麻醉（A组）、硬膜外麻醉（B组）与腰俞穴麻醉复合异丙酚静脉全麻（C组）用于PPH各30例的临床资料。结果显示,腰俞穴麻醉复合异丙酚静脉全麻用于PPH具有接台时间短、术中患者舒适、并发症少及安全等优点。结果表明,腰俞穴麻醉复合异丙酚静脉全麻适用于PPH。     

硬膜外阻滞联合全麻对老年腹部手术应激反应的影响

目的：探讨高容量0.125%罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞联合全麻对老年胃癌根治术患者术中抑制应激反应及稳定血液动力学的作用。方法：45例患者随机A组、B组和C组,3组患者经T8-9椎间隙穿刺硬膜外腔置管,然后分别注入0.125%罗哌卡因、0.375%罗哌卡因和0.9%氯化钠0.085mL/cm身高,A、B组要求阻滞范围上至T4～T5、,下至T12～L1,全麻后机械通气。手术开始后以微量注射泵持续行硬膜外腔注射,每小时为首剂量1/3,定时检测血浆肾上腺素、皮质醇与血糖等浓度。结果：与C组相比,A组和B组血浆肾上腺素、皮质醇和血糖浓度在T4和T5时点明显降低（P〈0.05）,A组与B组之间血浆肾上腺素和血糖浓度在各时点均无明显差异（P〉0.05）。C组芬太尼用量与其余两组比较明显增加（P〈0.05）;B组输液量比其余两组明显增加（P〈0.05）。结论：全麻联合高容量0.125%罗哌卡因行硬膜外阻滞能有效抑制全麻下老年患者行胃癌根治术时的应激反应,且血流动力学平稳。     

Balloon Dilatation of the External Urethral Sphincter: A Case Study

ABSTRACT

A new and simple endoscopic treatment procedure of external urethral sphincters is described. The external urethral sphincter was dilated with a balloon catheter 25mm in diameter in a multiple sclerosis patient; the sphincter spasticity made intermittent catheterization impossible. Post dilatation, the resistance to catheterization competely disappeared and the urethral pressure profile showed a dramatic fall in sphincteric pressure. This fall in sphincteric pressure has remained at a normal post dilatation level at the time of submission of this article (7 months). (J Am Paraplegia Soc 1990; 13: 13–14)     

The Security Assessment of General Anesthesia in Children with Mild to Moderate Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Objectives： To evaluate the security of general anesthesia for different class of elective surgery in children merger with mild to moderate tipper respiratory infection （URI）. Methods： 207 cases of children who undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery, were divided into three groups, non-URl group （unURl group, n=140）, mild URI group （miURl group, n=50L moderate URI group （moURl group, n=17）, according to the preoperative sylnptoms and signs of the upper respiratory tract infection. Monitoring and recording the respiratory-related complications of children through pcrioperativc and postoperative period. The article compares the differences in the incidence of various complications between groups, according to hierarchical classification of surgery. Results： （1） Compared with unURl group and miURl group, the incidence of secretions and cough in moURl group were increased （P 〈0.05）, during perioperative and postoperative period in surgical Ill-IV class children. The incidence of respiratory complications between the three groups showed no significant difference in surgical Ill-IV class children during perioperative and postoperative period （P〉0.05）. （2） The incidence of laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath holding （Time≥30s） and SpO2〈90% showed no significant difference between the three groups （P〉0.05）. （3） Compared with the perioperative period the incidence of complications in postoperative period overall downward, but no statistically significant difference between the groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusions： It is relatively safe to implemented tracheal intubation general anesthesia for the children merger with mild URI or moderate URI in Ill-IV surgical class. But surgical IN-IV class children with moderate URI need a comprehensive assessment between the risks and benefit relationship before general anesthesia.     

右美托咪啶与硬膜外阻滞在全麻下老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中的应用研究

目的:探讨全麻复合右美托咪啶与全麻联合硬膜外阻滞对老年腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术患者应激反应及术后恢复情况的影响。方法:选择择期行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术老年患者60例,年龄≥65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,全麻复合右美托咪啶组(D组)和全麻联合硬膜外阻滞组(E组),每组30例:D组在麻醉诱导前10 min静脉泵注右美托咪啶0.8μg/kg,气管插管后以0.5μg/(kg·h)的速度静脉泵注右美托咪啶,术毕前30 min停药;E组给予硬膜外阻滞,将平面固定在T4行全麻插管,术中间断硬膜外给药。记录两组患者术中全麻药物的用量;分别于诱导前(T0)、气管插管后即刻(T1)、气腹后5 min(T2)、气腹后30 min(T3)、拔管后即刻(T4)抽取静脉血,测定血清肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)浓度以及血糖的浓度;记录两组患者术后1、6、12、24、48 h的VAS评分,以及排气时间、进食时间和住院时间。结果:T2、T3时D组的心率明显慢于E组(P0.05);T2、T3时D组的心率与T0相比明显减慢(P0.05)。在T1、T2时间点,D组E、NE、Cor浓度低于E组(P0.05);在T0、T3、T4时间点,D组与E组的E、NE、Cor浓度差异无统计学意义(P0.05);D组患者术后VAS评分、术后排气时间、进食时间和住院时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:全麻复合右美托咪啶可以有效减轻老年腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者围术期的应激反应,其效果优于联合硬膜外阻滞。     

腹部手术全身麻醉期间机体氧耗的临床研究

目的：无创 监测腹部手术麻醉期间病人机体氧耗的变化，并探讨其临床意义。方法：择期腹部手术病人４０例，常规快速诱导插管，行机械呼吸。术中吸入笑气／氧气（５０：５０）混合气体和１．５％左右安氟醚维持麻醉。记录手术开始前５ｍｉｎ和手术开始后３０、６０、９０、１２０、１５０、１８０、２１０、２４０ｍｉｎ时ＦＩＯ２、ＦＥＴＯ２、ＰＥＴＣＯ２、ＭＶ等参数。结果：随着手术时间的延长，ＶＯ２逐渐升高，术毕时的ＶＯ     

婴儿非胃肠道手术全麻前最佳禁饮食时间研究

目的探讨婴儿非胃肠道择期手术全麻前最佳的禁饮食时间.方法将240例婴儿随机分为A、B、C、D四组,分别禁奶6、5、4、3 h,禁水4、3、2、1 h;观察各组婴儿术前哭闹时间、血糖值、体温、胃内潴留液量及脱水情况.结果四组婴儿术前哭闹时间、血糖值、体温、胃内潴留液量比较,差异均有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).哭闹时间A组显著长于其他三组(均P＜0.01),C、D组显著短于A、B组(均P＜0.01);血糖值均在正常范围;体温A、B组差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),显著高于C、D组(均P＜0.01),C、D组差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);胃内潴留液量D组显著多于其他三组(均P＜0.01);脱水A、B组分别发生18、15例,两组比较,差异无显著性意义,C、D组未发生脱水.结论C组所采用的非胃肠道术前禁饮食时间(禁奶4 h,禁水2 h),既能保证术前胃排空,又可避免因禁饮食时间过长对机体造成不必要的生理代谢紊乱.     

预充输液在腰-硬联合阻滞麻醉剖宫产手术中的应用

目的观察预充输液对腰 硬联合阻滞麻醉剖宫产手术中血流动力学的影响。方法将剖宫产手术病人 72例随机分为C、H、R 3组 (各 2 4例 ) ,C组为对照组 ,于腰麻给药前输入复方林格乳酸钠 12 0～ 16 0 (12 3± 2 3)ml;H组为预充贺斯组 ,腰麻给药前输入贺斯 5 0 0ml,4 0min输完 (12 5ml/min) ;R组为预充复方林格乳酸钠组 ,腰麻给药前输入复方林格乳酸钠 80 0ml,4 0min输完 (2 0ml/min)。腰麻给药后 3、5、10min记录血流动力学变化。结果给药后 3min血压出现下降趋势 ,其中C组 2例、R组 1例SBP(收缩压 )下降 (<90mmHg) ,5min血压明显下降 ,10min血压回升 ,与应用血管活性药物有关。三组因血压明显下降血管活性药物的应用率比较 ,H组 相似文献   

全麻手术患者留置导尿方法与时机探讨

目的探讨全麻手术患者留置导尿适宜时机与方法。方法将90例全麻腹部手术患者随机分成3组各30例。Ⅰ组于全麻前15min行常规留置导尿;Ⅱ组于全麻前15min经尿道口注入2%利多卡因3ml、液体石蜡2ml后留置导尿;Ⅲ组于全麻后15min行导尿术。结果Ⅰ组导尿毕即刻、Ⅲ组清醒后心率、血压分别较导尿前显著提高(均P<0.05),Ⅱ组各时段心率、血压无明显波动(均P>0.05)。一次插导尿管成功率,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组(均P<0.05)。清醒后躁动发生率Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论Ⅱ组导尿方法与时机可提高导尿成功率,减轻患者痛苦。     

透明质酸钠及丝裂霉素C治疗慢性泪囊炎的护理配合

目的探讨全麻手术患者留置导尿适宜时机与方法。方法将90例全麻腹部手术患者随机分成3组各30例。Ⅰ组于全麻前15min行常规留置导尿；Ⅱ组于全麻前15min经尿道口注入2％利多卡因3ml、液体石蜡2ml后留置导尿；Ⅲ组于全麻后15min行导尿术。结果Ⅰ组导尿毕即刻、Ⅲ组清醒后心率、血压分别较导尿前显著提高（均P〈0.05），Ⅱ组各时段心率、血压无明显波动（均P〉0.05）。一次插导尿管成功率，Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组（均P〈0.05）。清醒后躁动发生率Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组（P〈0.01，P〈0.05）。结论Ⅱ组导尿方法与时机可提高导尿成功率，减轻患者痛苦。     

胸椎旁阻滞复合全身麻醉对开胸单肺通气手术镇痛效果分析

目的:探讨胸椎旁阻滞与硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉对开胸单肺通气手术麻醉及镇痛效果分析。方法:选择我院2016年1月—2018年8月收治的75例行开胸单肺通气手术的肺癌患者,根据随机数字表法,患者分为A组(38例)及B组(37例),A组给予硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉,比较两组的麻醉效果、穿刺并发症、术后一周的胸部并发症、术后一周的肺部并发症。结果:A组术后一周肺部并发症发生率、麻醉起效时间、平均麻醉阻滞节段数明显高于B组,P0.05。两组的丙泊酚及芬太尼用量对比无统计学意义,P0.05;两组术后6、12、24、48 h静息状态下及术后6 h咳嗽状态下VAS评分对比无统计学意义,P0.05;B组术后12、24、48 h咳嗽状态下VAS评分明显低于A组,P0.05。T0-T5点,两组PaO_2及PvO_2对比无统计学意义,P0.05;T6点时,A组的PaO_2及PvO_2明显高于B组,T7点时,A组的PaO_2明显高于B组,P0.05。结论:胸椎旁阻滞复合全身麻醉与硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉的麻醉效果相同,术后运动性镇痛效果及术后氧合优于硬膜外阻滞,且术后胸部并发症较少。     

神经阻滞联合全麻在老年髋关节置换术中的麻醉效果及对患者应激反应的影响

目的:分析神经阻滞联合全麻在老年髋关节置换术中的麻醉效果及对患者应激反应的影响。方法:选取德州市人民医院2017 年6 月—2019 年6 月收治的130 例老年髋关节置换术患者,随机分为两组,对照组65 例术中予以全麻,观察组65 例予以腰丛- 坐骨神经阻滞联合全麻,对比两组患者的麻醉效果、手术指标、镇痛效果及应激反应。结果:观察组的麻醉优良率是98.46%,高于对照组的89.23%,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);观察组的下床活动时间、拔管时间及出院时间均比对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);术后2 h、8 h、12 h、24 h 及48 h 时,观察组的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)均比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);手术30 min、术毕时、术后1 h、术后1 d、术后2 d 时,观察组的皮质醇及C 反应蛋白水平比对照组低,且手术30 min 时,观察组的去甲肾上腺素水平比对照组高,术毕时、术后1 h、术后1 d、术后2 d,观察组去甲肾上腺素水平比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05)。结论:神经阻滞联合全麻有助于提升老年髋关节置换术患者的麻醉效果,改善其手术指标,提高镇痛效果,并降低应激反应。     

General anesthesia without intravenous access in children--a survey of current practice among members of the APAGBI and UK regional representatives of the APAGBI and the AAGBI

Background: The establishment of intravenous (IV) access should be considered for all adults and children undergoing general anesthesia. Inhalational induction prior to the establishment of IV access remains a popular technique in pediatric practice, and most practitioners will subsequently obtain IV access at the earliest opportunity. Previous surveys have indicated that some anesthetists may elect to omit IV access for the duration of anesthesia and surgery; however, the extent of this practice is unclear. A survey of pediatric anesthetists (members of the APAGBI and regional representatives of both the APAGBI and the AAGBI) was conducted to determine the prevalence of anesthesia without IV access in children, together with the circumstances in which this would be considered by practitioners. Method: A web‐based survey was distributed via email to members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (APAGBI) and regional representatives of both the APAGBI and the Association of Anesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI). In total, 1419 invitations to complete the survey were sent. Results: Seven hundred and twenty seven completed surveys were returned, indicating a response rate of 51%. Twenty‐eight respondents reported that they did not anesthetize children age <16 years. Of the remaining 699 respondents, 295 (42%) described circumstances where intravenous access was omitted during general anesthesia. The vast majority (84.7%) indicated that this was a rare occurrence. Only 44 (6.3%) respondents indicated they would always or usually undertake procedures under general anesthesia in children without IV access. Respondents suggested that short procedures, including dental extractions and myringotomy, were circumstances in which this practice was acceptable. Conclusion: The majority of respondents to this survey reported that they would usually establish IV access in children undergoing general anesthesia except in specific circumstances.     

小剂量氯胺酮用于瑞芬太尼全麻患者苏醒期清醒无痛拔管

目的探讨小剂量氯胺酮用于瑞芬太尼全麻患者苏醒期清醒、无痛拔管的效果。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级行腹腔镜检和宫腹腔镜检手术患者60例,随机分为两组(n=30):Ⅰ组,手术近结束缝合皮肤时静脉注射氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg,术毕停用瑞芬太尼;Ⅱ组,术毕停用瑞芬太尼。比较两组苏醒期有无呛咳、躁动,呼唤睁眼时间、拔管时间,术前(T0)、术毕(T1)、拔管即刻(T2)、拔管后5 m in(T3)血压、心率以及T2、T3时VRS评分。结果①Ⅰ组患者呛咳、躁动发生率均明显低于Ⅱ组(P<0.01);②Ⅰ组呼唤睁眼时间和拔管时间均比Ⅱ组稍延长,但无统计学差异(P>0.05);③Ⅰ组T2、T3时BP和HR均低于Ⅱ组(P<0.01),VRS评分亦低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论手术近结束时应用小剂量氯胺酮有利于瑞芬太尼全麻患者在苏醒期清醒、无痛、安全地拔管。