IL-1β和IL-8在分泌性中耳炎中耳积液中的表达及意义

目的探讨IL-1β和IL-8在分泌性中耳炎发生和转归中的作用。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测38例分泌性中耳炎患者40耳中耳积液中IL-1β和IL-8的含量。结果IL-1β和IL-8在分泌性中耳炎中耳积液中的表达率分别为80%和92.5%,早期积液中IL-1β和IL-8的含量高于晚期(P均<0.001),浆液性积液中二者的含量亦较高(P<0.002,P<0.05),IL-8与IL-1β的含量呈正相关(r=0.83,р<0.01)。结论IL-1β和IL-8是分泌性中耳炎中耳积液形成众多细胞因子中的两种,均存在于早期中耳积液中,并促进浆液性中耳积液的产生,前者对后者的产生有促进作用。     

细胞因子及白细胞介素-1β与内毒素在分泌性中耳炎中耳积液中的表达及意义

目的 :探讨分泌性中耳炎 (SOM )中耳积液中内毒素 (ET)、白细胞介素 1β(IL 1β)、正常T细胞表达和分泌、活化时调节的趋化因子 (RANTES)的表达以及它们在SOM发病中的作用。方法 :对 5 3例 72耳SOM患者行鼓膜穿刺 ,获得的中耳积液标本行细菌培养 ,然后采用鲎试验动态浊度法、放射免疫法以及双夹心抗体酶联免疫吸附法检测中耳积液中ET、IL 1β和RANTES的浓度。 结果 :①中耳积液中ET、IL 1β和RANTES阳性率分别为 80 .9%、77.8%和 70 .8% ,平均浓度为 (35 .2± 5 1.6 )EU/ml,(1.10± 0 .84 ) μg/L ,(0 .5 2± 0 .4 3) μg/L。②三者在黏液性积液中的含量高于浆液组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;病程长者 ,ET、RANTES浓度也较高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;细菌培养阳性中耳积液中三者的浓度亦明显高于细菌培养为阴性的积液 (P <0 .0 1)。③积液中ET含量与IL 1β呈显著正相关性 (r =0 .74 ,P <0 .0 1) ,IL 1β与RANTES之间也呈显著正相关 (r =0 .4 8,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :ET、IL 1β与RANTES参与了SOM发病的免疫机制 ,与鼓室内炎症反应的迁延 ,促使积液类型转化有关     

一氧化氮及两种细胞因子在分泌性中耳炎中耳积液中的表 …

目的 探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）和白细胞介素－８（ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－８,ＩＬ－８）肿瘤坏死因子－α（ｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒ－α,ＴＮＦ－α）在分泌性中耳炎发生和转归中的作用。方法 检测５８例（８０耳）分泌性中耳炎患者血浆和中耳积液中ＮＯ,ＩＬ－８及ＴＮＦ－α,并用２３例健康人血浆作对照,结果 ＮＯ,ＩＬ－８及ＴＮＦ－α在中耳积液中阳性表达率分别为１００％,８２．２％和７１．４％,患     

白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子-α在分泌性中耳炎渗出液中表达及意义

为探讨细胞因子在分泌性中耳炎发生和转归中的作用，采用酶联免疫吸附试验法，对行鼓膜穿刺术的分泌性中耳炎患者中耳渗出液进行白细胞介素６（ＩＬ－６）和肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）检测。结果示２２份中耳渗出液中ＩＬ－６阳性者为１９份（８６．３６％）；２７份中耳渗出液中ＴＮＦ－α阳性者为１９份（７０．３７％），平均浓度（ｘ±ｓ）分别为５０７．６８±８１３．１１ｎｇ／Ｌ和１８６．８６±１６６．９３ｎｇ／Ｌ。病程短者，ＩＬ－６浓度高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；病程长者，ＴＮＦ－α浓度高（Ｐ＜０．０５），提示ＩＬ－６在疾病早期参与了机体的防御反应；ＴＮＦ－α主要与疾病的持续状态相关，可引起过度炎症反应，导致损害效应。推测在分泌性中耳炎的发病过程中免疫机制可起重要作用。     

白三烯D4、白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α在成人分泌性中耳炎中耳积液中的表达及意义CSCD

目的探讨白三烯D4(leukotrieneD4,LTD4)、白细胞介素6(interleukin 6,IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子α(tumour necrosis factorα,TNF-α)在成人分泌性中耳炎(secretory otitis media,SOM)患者中耳积液中的表达水平。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定32例(40耳)成人SOM患者中耳积液,其中28例患者(4例拒测)的外周血浆及20例健康人外周血浆中的LTD4、IL-6及TNF-α表达水平。结果 (1)LTD4、IL-6和TNF-α在所有标本中的检出率均为100%;(2)LTD4、IL-6在实验组表达显著高于对照组(t=2.436、2.596,P<0.05),TNF-α浓度表达与对照组比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 LTD4和IL-6作为重要免疫介质,参与SOM的发生发展。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α在分泌性中耳炎动物模型中的表达

目的检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumornecrosisfactor-α,TNF-α)在大鼠分泌性中耳炎(otitismediawitheffusion,OME)动物模型中的表达,探讨其在OME发病机制中的作用。方法50只健康的Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为内毒素(endotoxin,ET)组30只及生理盐水(NS)组20只。均以右耳为实验耳,左耳作正常对照。分别经听泡注入来源于绿脓杆菌的ET35μl和等量的生理盐水。两组分别于术后6小时、1天、3天、7天及14天各处死6只、4只大鼠采集中耳渗液及血清,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测其中TNF-α水平。光镜下观察中耳黏膜各时间段的病理变化。结果组织学:ET组术后6小时出现炎症反应,3天时达高峰,14天时基本恢复正常;NS组未见明显异常改变。TNF-α检测:两组动物血清中均无表达。ET组及NS组中耳渗液中TNF-α的表达水平在术后6小时、1天、3天、7天分别为56.75±6.39、122.62±9.26,254.24±12.34、35.10±3.19,26.24±4.36、22.08±3.25,10.35±2.33、0.0pgml,14天均无表达,ET组高于NS组,有显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论TNF-α是OME发病过程中重要的致炎因子之一,其在中耳渗液中的表达水平反映OME炎症反应的过程。     

转化生长因子β在分泌性中耳炎患者中耳积液和血清中的表达及意义

分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的发病机制还不十分清楚.一般认为咽鼓管阻塞、中耳负压导致血管内液体渗漏形成中耳积液.后来有学者发现咽鼓管阻塞并非是引起SOM的必要条件,而中耳积液中炎症递质和炎性细胞的发现,证实SOM是一炎症反应和渗出的结果.     

超氧化物歧化酶及白细胞因子在分泌性中耳炎中的表达

目的 :探讨超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )、白细胞介素 - 8(IL - 8)、肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF-α)在分泌性中耳炎发生和转归中的作用。方法 :检测 74例 (90耳 )分泌性中耳炎患者 (中耳炎组 )血浆和中耳积液中 SOD、IL- 6、IL- 8及 TNF- α,并以 30例健康人血浆作对照。结果 :中耳炎组 SOD、IL- 6、IL- 8及 TNF- α在中耳积液中阳性表达率分别为 88.9%、86 .8%、81.5 %和 74 .6 % ;其血浆含量均较对照组高 (P <0 .0 5 )。中耳炎组中耳积液的含量均较血浆中高 (P <0 .0 1)。病程短者 IL- 6和 IL- 8含量较病程长者高 (P <0 .0 1、 P <0 .0 5 ) ;病程长者 SOD及 TNF- α含量较病程短者高 (P <0 .0 1、 P <0 .0 5 )。浆液性积液者 IL- 6和 IL- 8含量较粘液性积液者高 (P <0 .0 1、 P <0 .0 5 ) ;粘液性积液者 SOD及 TNF-α含量较浆液性积液者高 (P <0 .0 1、 P <0 .0 5 )。 SOD含量与 TNF-α含量正相关 (r =0 .5 87,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :IL - 6和 IL - 8在分泌性中耳炎发病早期参与机体的防御反应 ,促进浆液性中耳积液产生 ;SOD和 TNF-α与疾病的持续状态相关 ,并参与中耳积液中粘蛋白的分泌     

放射性分泌性中耳炎

近年来放射治疗鼻咽癌的疗效得到肯定,但放疗所带来的并发症也不少,常见的有分泌性中耳炎,多为顽固性耳漏,患者需多次返院治疗,且疗效欠佳,大大降低了其生活质量。因此临床医生非常重视放疗后的耳副反应,本文将阐述放射性分泌性中耳炎的发病机制、预防及治疗等。     

细胞因子、IgE及一氧化氮在小儿分泌性中耳炎中耳积液的表达

目的 :探讨细胞因子、IgE及一氧化氮 (NO)在小儿分泌性中耳炎的发生及转归中的作用。 方法 :检测 70例 (1 2 9耳 )分泌性中耳炎患儿 (患儿组 )血浆及中耳积液中细胞因子、IgE及NO含量 ,并以 30例健康儿童作对照。结果 :患儿组白细胞介素 (IL 2、4、6、8、1 0 )、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、IgE及NO在中耳积液中含量较血浆中高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;患儿组的血浆含量较对照组高 (P <0 .0 5 )。病程短者中耳积液中IL 2、IL 4的含量较病程长者高 ;而病程长者IL 6、IL 8、IL 1 0、TNF α、IgE及NO的表达较病程短者增加 (均P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :在儿童分泌性中耳炎的血浆及中耳积液中细胞因子、IgE及NO表达增强 ,细胞因子参与介导中耳局部的炎性反应 ,调节局部的免疫反应 ,在分泌性中耳炎的发生及转归中产生重要作用     

Glucocorticoids reduce nitric oxide concentration in middle ear effusion from lipopolysaccharide induced otitis media

Objective

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common childhood disease that is characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. Chronic OME can also lead to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory mediator (IM) of OME, is a free radical known to regulate cell proliferation, cell death, and angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide may cause SNHL through outer hair cell (OHC) cytotoxicity. This experiment was designed to determine whether glucocorticoids, dexamethasone, fluticasone propionate, or rimexolone, can reduce the concentration of NO in middle ear effusion (MEE).

Methods

Fifty-three chinchillas were divided into 7 groups, vehicle vs. each glucocorticoid at 0.1% and 1.0% concentrations. Due to anesthesia complications, N ranged from 6 to 9 per group. Two hundred microlitres of each test article was injected into the bullae of each animal. Two hours later, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.3 mg in solution) was added. Test articles were re-administered at 24 and 48 h post-LPS induction. After 96 h, animals were euthanized and the MEE was collected.

Results

All three glucocorticoids numerically reduced NO concentration in the middle ear when administered at 0.1%, but only FP showed a significant reduction. At 1.0% concentrations, all 3 steroids significantly reduced NO concentration.

Conclusion

This study suggests that glucocorticoid treatment reduces NO concentration in the MEE and may protect the ear from the SNHL caused by NO.     

分泌性中耳炎患者吸鼻试验检测结果分析

目的 观察分析分泌性中耳炎(otitis media with effusion,OME)患者吸鼻试验结果,探讨咽鼓管闭合功能在OME发病中的作用.方法 选择56例成人OME患者、16例儿童OME患者、66例健康成年人和20例健康儿童做为研究对象,对4组人群采用问卷调查及使用咽鼓管功能综合检查仪进行吸鼻试验检测,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 以外耳道压低于基线10 dapa(含10 dapa)定为吸鼻试验阳性.成人OME组吸鼻试验阳性率为64.86％(对照组为9.09％),儿童OME组吸鼻试验阳性率为70.83％(对照组为38.24％),均明显高于对照组(P值均＜0.05),而成人与儿童OME患者吸鼻试验阳性率差异无统计学意义(X2=0.289,P＞0.05).结论 OME患者吸鼻试验阳性率明显高于健康对照组,提示咽鼓管闭合功能不全参与了OME的发病.     

Histopathology of otitis media with effusion

Summary Ultrastructural studies of the middle ear mucosa appear to be of significant value in better understanding the pathology of otitis media with effusion (OME). Our present study was undertaken in order to take advantage of the use of electron microscopy in investigating all areas of the middle ear mucosa. Tissues studied were obtained from the fresh postmortem temporal bones of three patients with OME and terminal head and neck malignancies. In the mucoid type of effusion (cases 1 and 2), goblet cells were seen to proliferate and secretory activity was greatly enhanced. In contrast, there was no evidence of secretory cell proliferation in the serous type of effusion. It was noteworthy that accumulated fluid was not homogeneous in the same ear, as exemplified by case 1, in which both mucoid and serous effusions were present. This occurrence was possibly the result of topographic diversity involving the secretory activity of the middle ear.Presented at the Extraordinary International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media with Effusion, Kyoto, Japan, 12–15 January 1985     

Cytokines in children with otitis media with effusion

We assayed 38 middle ear effusions from 23 children aged 4–13 years (mean 7) undergoing tympanostomy tube placements. All fluid was assayed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-8, and IL-10. Cytokine concentrations were measured by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Detectable levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 were found in all of the effusions. TNF-α was detected in 18 of the middle ear effusions (47.4%). The mean concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 was, respectively, 0.423 ± 1.39, 30.58 ± 68.7, 7001.9 ± 6743, and 56 ± 58.7 pg/ml. There was a strong, statistically significant correlation between the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β (r = 0.87, P = 0.001) and between IL-1β and IL-8 (r = 0.53, P = 0.001). There was no correlation between the concentrations of IL-10 and other cytokines examined or between tympanic membrane pathology and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, or IL-10. The presence of IL-10 in middle ear effusions may be one of the causes of a lack of clinical features of acute inflammation and may lead to a chronic inflammatory state. Received: 25 August 1999 / Accepted: 5 January 2000     

儿童与成人分泌性中耳炎的临床分析

目的：探讨儿童与成人分泌性中耳炎（SOM）在病因、病程、临床特征和听力学等方面的异同。方法：对42例（74耳）儿童和34例（43耳）成人SOM患者术前临床资料及听力学检查资料进行对比分析。结果：儿童SOM平均病程较成人短,以腺样体肥大多见,成人以中耳乳突炎多见。C型鼓室导抗图的成人患者鼓室负压大于儿童（P〈0．05）。儿童与成人SOM各频率气导听阈均提高,并且都可出现骨导听阈提高,以高频2、4kHz为主,且成人高频4kHz骨导听阈提高较儿童明显（P〈0．05）。结论：儿童病程一般较成人短,以腺样体肥大多见,易引起中耳积液。儿童SOM与成人一样都可以引起感音神经性聋,以高频损害为主,但高频下降没有成人明显,但由于可造成儿童学语与认知方面的不良后果,应及时干预和诊治。     

儿童分泌性中耳炎危险因素分析

目的 探讨武汉市部分幼儿园儿童分泌性中耳炎的危险因素,并与相关文献分析比较.方法 调查武汉市部分幼儿园3～6岁的儿童,对其进行常规耳鼻咽喉科体检,电耳镜检查鼓膜结合声导抗测试,并问卷调查母亲牛育年龄、生产情况、喂养情况,家庭吸烟史,耳科病史,鼻漏,喷嚏,鼻塞,睡眠打鼾,扁桃体炎发作情况等.结果 144例分泌性中耳炎患儿和288例对照者进行危险因素统计学分析,发现鼻塞(OR=2.60,P=0.002),鼻涕(OR=1.442,P=0.003),硬腭高拱(OR=4.411,P＜0.0001),急性中耳炎病史(OR=1.77,P=0.025)是患病的危险因素.进行多因素同归分析后发现喂养情况(OR=0.746,P=0.047),鼻塞(OR=2.56,P=0.003),硬腭高拱(OR=4.35,P＜0.001),鼻炎(OR=1.397,P=0.098),急性中耳炎病史(OR=1.735,P=0.032)为分泌性中耳炎的影响因素.结论 中耳炎病史是分泌性中耳炎的危险因素.但急性扁桃体炎并不是分泌性中耳炎的危险因素,另外发现母乳喂养是分泌性中耳炎的保护因素.有急性中耳炎病史且经常鼻塞的儿童应定期进行耳鼻咽喉科体检.     

儿童分泌性中耳炎的外科手术干预

目的探讨儿童分泌性中耳炎的手术干预方式,为儿童听力筛查中分泌性中耳炎患儿的干预措施选择提供临床资料。方法总结2004-2008年我院90例儿童分泌性中耳炎接受手术治疗且资料完整者45例（82耳）的年龄特点、听力下降时间、手术方式、手术前后听力状况比较。结果术前平均纯音听阈FrrA（pure-tone threshold average,500Hz,1000Hz,2000Hz,4000Hz听阈均值）从8dBHL-61dBHL,平均（34.8&#177;12.09）dBHL。术后PTA从0dB HL-38dB HL,平均（15.9&#177;7.88）dB HL,3耳术后听闯提高,4耳无改善,75耳听阈降低,占91.5％,平均听阈降低18.9dBHL。手术方式：鼓膜置管术9例,腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术29例,腺样体切除＋扁桃体切除＋鼓膜置管术7例。结论腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术是我们治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的基本术式;扁桃体切除术不作为治疗分泌性中耳炎常规选择;对儿童分泌性中耳炎的术式选择应该个体化。     

Relation between adenoid size and otitis media with effusion

AimsThis study compares the efficacy of adenoidectomy on otitis media with effusion (OME) in patients with different size of adenoids and the connection between differently sized adenoids and middle ear effusion.Material and methodsChildren with a history of at least 3 months’ OME underwent adenoidectomy and myringotomy without the insertion of a tympanostomy tube. Treatment assignment was stratified by adenoids’ size causing choanal obstruction (grade I-III) and according to Eustachian tube ostium obstruction (grade A–C). The subjects were followed for 12 months.ResultsAdenoidectomy was significantly more effective in children with adenoids in contact with torus tubarius (grade B, C) compared to those with small adenoids without contact (P < 0.001). The volume of the adenoids was irrelevant (P = 0.146). The size of adenoids did not affect the viscosity of the middle ear secretion. The distribution of mucous and serous secretion was not dependent on the size of adenoids; the efficacy of adenoidectomy was 82% in mucous as well as serous secretion.ConclusionThe relation between adenoids and torus tubarius is more important than the volume of the adenoids. The viscosity of middle ear fluids (serous or mucous) did not influence the rate of treatment efficacy.