声诱发的短潜伏期负反应与前庭诱发的肌源性电位关系初步研究

目的研究声诱发的短潜伏期负反应(acoustically evoked short latency negative response,ASNR)的特点,并初步证实该电位的前庭源性,即与前庭诱发的肌源性电位(vestibular evoked myogenic potentials,VEMP)同源。方法分别检测28例健康成人、16例前庭疾病和1例全聋患者的VEMP和ASNR,比较ASNR与VEMP之间的关系。结果ASNR正常引出率为87.5%,潜伏期正常值为3.50±0.25ms;2倍标准差作为正常值的上、下限,ASNR潜伏期的范围为3~4ms,阈值为80~90dB nHL。16例前庭疾病患者均行双侧检查,在VEMP消失的9耳(9例)中,ASNR均未引出;VEMP低振幅的8例(8耳)中,5例(5耳)未引出ASNR,3例(3耳)ASNR正常引出。5例梅尼埃病患者接受甘油试验,1例(2耳)甘油试验前后VEMP与ASNR均正常,2例(4耳)双侧VEMP与ASNR甘油试验前异常,甘油试验后正常,1例(1耳)患侧VEMP正常,甘油试验前后无变化,ASNR由异常变为正常;1例(2耳)VEMP甘油试验前双侧异常,甘油试验后正常,但ASNR均未引出。1例听力正常的前庭神经炎患者,患侧VEMP未引出,ASNR电位也未引出。1例先天性全聋患者人工耳蜗植入前,VEMP、ASNR正常引出;植入后,术侧VEMP振幅降低,ASNR未引出。结论ASNR与VEMP可能均源于球囊。鉴于目前的结果,在不便进行VEMP检测时可用ASNR替代。     

豚鼠声诱发短潜伏期负电位的来源初探

目的 建立声诱发短潜伏期负电位(acoustically evoked short latency negative response,ASNR)豚鼠模型,即重度感音性聋但球囊功能正常的豚鼠,用短声刺激诱发ASNR,并通过冷热试验及前庭诱发肌源性电位(vestibular evoked myogenic potential,VEMP)来验证豚鼠的前庭功能.方法 将32只健康豚鼠按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组16只(32耳)、药物致聋组16只(32耳).致聋组经给药(硫酸卡那霉素+利尿酸)致聋,7～10 d后对所有动物进行听觉前庭功能检查,包括听性脑干反应(ABR)、VEMP及冷热试验.致聋组豚鼠根据ASNR的引出情况分为ASNR引出组及ASNR未引出组.结果 致聋组有11只动物(22耳)完成测试,其中8耳引出ASNR(36.4%),阈值为120～130 dB SPL,平均(124.4±5.0)dB SPL,潜伏期l.75～2.60 ms,平均(2.15±0.27)ms,阈值平均潜伏期(2.34±0.18)ms.ASNR引出组8耳皆引出VEMP,其阈值及正负峰潜伏期与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);ASNR未引出组中有4耳引出VEMP,其阈值及正负峰潜伏期与对照组比较差异亦无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).ASNR引出组和未引出组VEMP引出率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002).致聋组VEMP、ASNR的引出情况与冷热试验的眼震结果之间均无相关关系(P值均＞0.05).结论 ASNR与反映球囊功能的VEMP具有一致性,而与代表半规管功能的冷热试验眼震结果无关,ASNR与VESP可能同起源于球囊.

Abstract：

Objective To establish a model of acoustically evoked short latency negative response (ASNR) in guinea pigs, a model of profound hearing loss with normal saccular functions, and verify the correlation between ASNR and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). Methods Thirty-two healthy guinea pigs were employed in the experiment, which were randomly divided into control group ( 16subjects) and deafened group (16 subjects). Each animal experienced auditory and vestibular tests including auditory brainstem response ( ABR), VEMP and caloric test. A quick treatment was employed for deafened group consisting of a subcutaneous injection of kanamycin at a dose of 400 mg/kg followed by a jugular vein injection of ethacrynic acid at a dose of 40 mg/kg one hour later. The animals were received ABR, VEMP and caloric test 7 - 10 days following the drug administration. The deafened group was further divided into ASNR group and non-ASNR group, based on the presence of ASNR. Results In deafened group, five subjects died postoperatively, 11 subjects (22 ears) provided full data, ASNR was elicited in eight ears (36.4%), the threshold was 120- 130 dB SPL with mean of (124.4 ±4.96) dB SPL. Its latency range was 1.75 - 2. 60 ms with mean of ( 2. 15 ± 0. 27 ) ms. The mean latency of threshold was (2. 34 ±0. 18) ms. All eight ASNR ears presented with VEMP. The VEMP threshold, positive and negative potential latencies proved no statistical difference (P ＞ 0. 05 ) between ASNR group and control group.Significant difference was detected between the VEMP presence of ASNR group and non-ASNR group ( P =0. 002). There was no statistically significant correlation between VEMP and caloric test neither between ASNR and caloric test in deafened group. Conclusions This study evoked ASNR in an ototoxicity guinea pig model which has profound hearing loss with normal saccular functions. The presence of ASNR correlated with VEMP, however, not correlated with caloric test, suggesting that ASNR and VEMP are both originated from the saccule.     

大前庭水管综合征患者ABR和人工耳蜗术后EABR反应特征分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨大前庭水管综合征(LVAS)患者的听性脑干反应(ABR)及人工耳蜗植入术后电诱发听性脑干反应(EABR)的特点,为LVAS患者人工耳蜗植入围手术期的电生理监测反应特征提供参考。方法选择2013年1月至2016年3月在我院行人工耳蜗植入的14例大前庭水管综合征患者。记录人工耳蜗植入前ABR反应阈值及潜伏期,观察声诱发短潜伏期负反应(ASNR)的表现,并统计该波的出现概率。记录患者术后EABR波形、V波阈值及III、V波潜伏期,计算III、V波引出率及EABR分级。比较ABR的V波和EABR的V波的潜伏期差异。比较ABR出现与不出现ASNR组的EABR反应阈值和V波潜伏期差异。结果 14例患者中有5例术前ABR可引出ASNR,9例无ASNR,V波潜伏期6.6～8.15ms。人工耳蜗植入后有13例引出有意义的EABR波形,平均EABR阈值为190.8CL,平均III波潜伏期为1.80ms,平均V波潜伏期为3.59ms,有1例EABR未引出反应。根据Gibson EABR分级标准,ASNR组与无ASNR组EABR波形分化无明显差异。ASNR组EABR阈值177.5CL,无AS-NR组阈值196.7CL,二者有统计学差异。ASNR组V波潜伏期4.71ms,无ASNR组V波潜伏期4.68ms,二者无统计学差异。EABR的V波潜伏期比ABR的V波潜伏期短,二者有统计学差异。结论 LVAS患者的ABR反应中出现ASNR波是其听力学特征性表现之一,但EABR记录不到相应的短潜伏期负反应。EABR的V波潜伏期较ABR短。植入前存在ASNR的大前庭水管综合征患者具有较低的植入后EABR反应阈。     

自适应滤波提取耳蜗微音器电位初探

为解决表面电极引导耳蜗微音器电位的结果中存在刺激伪迹信号的状况，探讨了用自适应滤波处理抵消刺激伪迹信号提取的方法，结果发现：正常耳的ＣＭ较同侧表面电极引导的波形有一定的滞后时间，２ｋＨｚ以上的神经动作电位波形分化明显；３１耳极重度感音神经性聋和１１耳中度或中重度感音神经性聋耳各频率的ＣＭ消失，９耳极重度感音神经性聋和２９中度和中重度感音神经性聋各频率存在较好的ＣＭ波形。提示：不同程度的感音神经性聋     

人工耳蜗植入对前庭诱发肌源性电位远期影响的初步研究

目的分析人工耳蜗植入术对前庭诱发肌源性电位(Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials,VEMPs)的影响。方法选择2013年2月至2015年10月就诊于我科并接受人工耳蜗植入患者17例(17耳)作为观察对象,对患耳进行颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential,c VEMP)和眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential,o VEMP)检测,将术后VEMPs波形引出率和参数分别与手术前和对侧耳进行对比。结果人工耳蜗植入前术耳c VEMP和o VEMP的引出率分别为59%和53%。术后1-3年术耳c VEMP和o VEMP引出率分别降至24%和12%(开机状态,P<0.05),24%和12%(关机状态,P<0.05),同时在引出VEMPs的患耳部分波形参数显示异常变化。结论人工耳蜗植入术后c VEMP和o VEMP的引出率下降,波形参数异常,提示人工耳蜗植入对术耳前庭耳石器机能有可能造成一定影响。     

短潜伏期负反应诊断前庭水管扩大的意义

目的分析听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response, ABR)测试时出现声诱发短潜伏期负反应(acoustically evoked short latency negative response, ASNR)在诊断前庭水管扩大(enlarged vestibular aqueduct, EVA)的临床意义.方法对2003年5月～2005年6月收集的141例听力障碍患者的听性脑干反应检测结果进行分析,研究对象分为两组,EVA组为70例(140耳)经CT或MRI确诊的患者;对照组为71例(142耳)平均听阈>60 dB HL的感音神经性聋、CT扫描无EVA的患者.听力学检查项目包括听性脑干反应、多频稳态反应测试、游戏测听或纯音测听、声导抗测试等.所有的患者均行颞骨CT扫描或耳蜗水呈像核磁共振检查了解耳蜗及内淋巴囊的发育情况.结果 EVA组140耳(70例)ABR测试结果发现106耳(62例)记录到ASNR,占75.71%.在这106耳中,中度听力下降的17耳、重度听力下降的63耳、极重度听力下降的26耳中均引出负相波,ASNR的潜伏期在3.26±0.57 ms处.所有记录到负相波的EVA患者,均发现其ABR的波I消失或不易识别,而波V的引出情况则各有不同.对照组71例(142耳)均未记录到ASNR.结论 ASNR负相波的出现提示前庭水管扩大.     

大前庭水管综合征患者的听力学及前庭诱发肌源性电位检测的特点

目的:探讨大前庭水管综合征(LVAS)患者的听力学、前庭诱发肌源性电位(VEMP)检测的特点及诊断意义。方法:对30例(60耳)LVAS患者行纯音测听、声导抗、ABR、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、VEMP及冷热实验检测,分析其诊断意义。结果:30例(60耳)LVAS患者均呈进行性、波动性听力下降,16例在听力波动性下降时伴眩晕。纯音测听主要呈感音神经性聋,但47耳(94.0%)在中耳功能正常的情况下于低频250、500Hz分别出现(43±17)dBHL及(33±18)dBHL骨气导差,呈混合性聋。ABR检测18耳(64.3%)于(3.06±0.52)ms引出声诱发短潜伏期负反应。42耳VEMP振幅均值为(147.10±107.55)μV,19耳反应阈为75dBnHL,7耳反应阈为65dBnHL。结论:根据进行性波动性听力减退、感音神经性聋在中耳功能正常的情况下出现低频骨气导差,ABR测试引出声诱发短潜伏期负反应及VEMP呈现高振幅低阈值的特征性提示,有助于临床医生得出LVAS的初步印象,可进一步行影像学检查以确诊。     

声诱发短潜伏期负电位豚鼠的内耳铺片研究

目的 在耳毒性损伤的豚鼠模型上诱发声诱发短潜伏期负电位( acoustically evoked short latency negative response,ASNR),通过内耳铺片观察ASNR豚鼠的基底膜球囊、椭圆囊及半规管壶腹的组织形态学特点,验证豚鼠ASNR的责任终器.方法 将45只健康豚鼠按随机数字表法分为2组,健康对照组15只(30耳),药物致聋组30只(60耳).致聋组给药(硫酸卡那霉素+利尿酸)致聋7～10d后,行听觉脑干反应(ABR)测试,根据ASNR引出情况进一步分为ASNR组和非ASNR组.三组豚鼠断头取颞骨,解剖显微镜下取出基底膜、球囊斑、椭圆囊斑和壶腹嵴,通过显微镜观察毛细胞数目和形态变化.结果 致聋组有27只动物(54耳)完成测试,其中45耳达到重度感音神经性聋,19耳引出ASNR(35.2％),阈值为110～125 dBSPL,平均阈值(121.7±4.5)dBSPL,潜伏期1.80～2.08 ns,平均潜伏期(1.93±0.07)ms.铺片观察显示,基底膜、球囊、随圆囊、壶腹嵴毛细胞密度按正常对照组、ASNR组、非ASNR组依次减低,毛细胞损伤程度依次加重.ASNR组球囊微纹区、周边区毛细胞密度与对照组差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);其他各组的相应比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 豚鼠ASNR的责任终器是球囊,而不依赖于耳蜗、椭圆囊及半规管功能.     

极重度听损大前庭水管综合征婴幼儿患者ABR和ASSR结果分析

目的通过对极重度听力损失的大前庭水管综合征婴幼儿进行听性脑干反应（ABR）和多频稳态反应（ASSR）测试,探讨其ABR检查过程中出现的声诱发短潜伏期负向波（acoustically evoked short latency negative response,ASNR）及其ASSR特点。方法回顾性研究22例（42耳）极重度听力损失的大前庭水管综合征（LVAS）婴幼儿,另选择28例（56耳）极重度听力损失的非LVAS的感音神经性耳聋婴幼儿作为对照组,研究其ABR及ASSR相关性。结果①LVAS婴幼儿组ABR测试中,36耳（85．7％）记录到AsNR,在109．6 dB nHL刺激强度引出的ASNR平均潜伏期在3．04±0．22msT对照组中婴幼儿无一例记录到ASNR。②LVAS婴幼儿组ASSRNI]试在250、500和1000Hz引出率明显高于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论相比于普通的极重度感音神经性耳聋患儿,极重度听损LVAS患儿进行听力学检查时,ABR容易出现ASNR负向波,ASSR测试结果显示较高的中低频的电位反应引出率,此结果可用于临床辅助诊断大前庭水管综合征。     

前庭诱发性肌电位的恢复：两例急性感音神经性聋患者中与其它神经性障碍的关系

351 引起急性感音神经性聋的病变可能影响到前庭和耳蜗两个系统。尽管曾有急性前庭病理恢复的报道,但只有前庭上神经系统疾患被提及,这可能是由于缺乏检测人前庭下神经系统功能的方法。近来已有报告将前庭诱发性肌电位(VEMP)视为检测球囊——前庭下     

An acoustically evoked short latency negative response in profound hearing loss infants

OBJECTIVE: A large negative deflection with a 3-4 ms latency within the auditory brainstem response has been reported in some profound hearing loss ears under intense stimuli in adult subjects. The wave has been termed the N3 potential or acoustically evoked short latency negative response and it is assumed to be a vestibular-evoked potential. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between the vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and the acoustically evoked short latency negative response in infants with a functionless cochlea and normal or impaired semicircular canal. METHODS: Seventeen 3 months old infants with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss had acoustically evoked short latency negative responses and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials recorded and caloric tests performed. RESULTS: No spontaneous symptoms of vestibular dysfunction were found in the examined infants. ASNR with medium latency 3.3 ms and threshold value 80-90 dB normal hearing level was elicited from 10 ears. VEMPs were present in 12 ears. ASNRs and VEMPs were absent in two ears with normal response to caloric stimulation. No response to caloric stimulation was elicited from other two ears with normal saccular function. For the ears with absence of ASNR, four had normal VEMP and the rest were considered to have saccular afunction. Significant correlation was found between the presence of ASNRs and VEMPs. CONCLUSION: Acoustically evoked short latency negative responses could be a valuable tool for assessing vestibular function in infants with profound sensorineural hearing loss.     

An Acoustically Evoked Short Latency Negative Response in Profound Hearing Loss Patients

In our auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests, a peculiar V-shaped negative wave at around 3-4 ms latency was observed. At present, this acoustically evoked short latency negative response (ASNR) is poorly understood. In order to study its appearance and origin, the ABR data of 3104 tests during 1980-98 were reviewed. The ASNR was found only in profound hearing loss ears under intense stimuli (80-120 dB nHL). Out of the total 653 profound hearing loss patients (981 ears), the click-evoked ASNRs were present in 80 patients (12.3%), 117 ears (11.9%). The age range was from 8 months to 70 years. Demographic outcome revealed significant higher appearance rates in young subjects especially in the 20-30 years group. The ASNR was excluded from an artifact by its reproducibility over time, equipment and institutes. Moreover, it became absent after external auditory canal occlusion, which simply blocked the air conduction without any influence upon scalp potentials or equipment. It had neural response characteristics that the latency and amplitude shortened and increased respectively in response to the increase of stimulus intensity. Because the peculiar V-shaped waveform obviously differs from ABR, the ASNR was not interpreted as a potential generated from the conventional auditory pathway. On the other hand, the ASNR individuals were of good vestibular function in sharp contrast with their poor hearing. This suggests the probable relation between the ASNR and the vestibular system. The saccule and vestibular nucleus are hypothesized to be the sense organ and the origin of the response respectively.     

An acoustically evoked short latency negative response in profound hearing loss patients

In our auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests, a peculiar V-shaped negative wave at around 3 4 ms latency was observed. At present, this acoustically evoked short latency negative response (ASNR) is poorly understood. In order to study its appearance and origin, the ABR data of 3104 tests during 1980-98 were reviewed. The ASNR was found only in profound hearing loss ears under intense stimuli (80-120 dB nHL). Out of the total 653 profound hearing loss patients (981 ears), the click-evoked ASNRs were present in 80 patients (12.3%), 117 ears (11.9%). The age range was from 8 months to 70 years. Demographic outcome revealed significant higher appearance rates in young subjects especially in the 20-30 years group. The ASNR was excluded from an artifact by its reproducibility over time, equipment and institutes. Moreover, it became absent after external auditory canal occlusion, which simply blocked the air conduction without any influence upon scalp potentials or equipment. It had neural response characteristics that the latency and amplitude shortened and increased respectively in response to the increase of stimulus intensity. Because the peculiar V-shaped waveform obviously differs from ABR, the ASNR was not interpreted as a potential generated from the conventional auditory pathway. On the other hand, the ASNR individuals were of good vestibular function in sharp contrast with their poor hearing. This suggests the probable relation between the ASNR and the vestibular system. The saccule and vestibular nucleus are hypothesized to be the sense organ and the origin of the response respectively.     

The effect of saccular function on static balance ability of profound hearing-impaired children

Objective

Researches have shown that in clinical practice, balance disorders in children with congenital or early acquired severe to profound hearing loss are probable. The purposes of present study were to specify the percentage of vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and an acoustically evoked, short latency negative response (ASNR) recordings and the relation between their presence and static balance ability and postural control of children with profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Methods

Thirty children with profound SNHL, with an average age of 6.93 years, underwent the VEMP and auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests. Both VEMP and ABR were recorded at the threshold level through air-conduction stimulation via an insert receiver. The static balance performance of the hearing-impaired children was tested with six exercises and compared with that of 30 age- and sex-matched normal-hearing children as controls.

Results

VEMP was recorded in 53.3% of ears and ASNR in 40.0%. VEMP was revealed in all ears with ASNR, and a significant correlation was shown between their presence (p = 0.005) and also between the ASNR wave latency and P1 (p = 0.0001) and N1 (p = 0.004) wave amplitude of VEMP. There was a significant correlation between the presence of VEMP and ASNR with the performance of the children in two static balance skills, namely standing on one leg with eyes open on a line and the same practice on the balance beam (p ≤ 0.008).

Conclusion

There was a close relation between the presence of VEMP and ASNR. Additionally, when ASNR was present, the recording of VEMP could be expected. Successful performance in the static balance exercises with reduced vestibular and somatosensory inputs increased the possibility of the recording of ASNR and VEMP.     

短纯音诱发的听性脑干反应测试中声诱发短潜伏期负反应研究

目的 总结在有听力损失儿童中行短纯音诱发的听性脑干反应(tbABR)测试时记录到的声诱发短潜伏期负反应(acoustically short latency negative response,ASNR)的特点.方法 在有听力损失的0～6岁儿童中应用SmartEP听觉诱发电位仪记录短声和短纯音ABR的反应阈,在记录到ASNR的受试者中分析其反应阈和潜伏期.结果 在所有80受试耳中共7耳(8.75%)在cABR测试中引出ASNR,40耳(50%)在tbABR测试中引出ASNR,其中1 kHz引出率最高(37耳,46.25%),2 kHz次之(25耳,31.25%).引出ASNR者ABR波V反应阈最低65 dB nHL,ASNR反应阈最低80 dB nHL.0.5、1、2和4 kHz短纯音诱发的ASNR潜伏期分别为6～8、5～7、3～5、3～4 ms.随刺激强度的增加,其潜伏期缩短.结论 有听力损失的儿童tbABR测试中可以记录到AS-NR,但不影响以波V反应阈评估听力.     

迟发性膜迷路积水的诊断

目的：探讨迟发性膜迷路积水（DEH）的诊断手段及意义。方法：15例DEH患者,分别行纯音听阈及耳蜗电图检查、前庭双温试验和前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查（VEMP）,用以诊断及判断DEH的侧别和病变累及范围。结果：15例患者均为中～重度以上感音神经性聋。积水与听力下降同侧10例,对侧4例,双侧1例。水平半规管和球囊均有积水5例,水平半规管积水6例,球囊积水2例。VEMP异常者7例,其中1例患侧p13-n23振幅消失,2例p13潜伏期延长,4例患侧p13-n23低振幅。结论：DEH的诊断除了纯音测听外,耳蜗电图检查、前庭双温试验和VEMP检查是重要的实验室检查,应列为诊断常规。     

前庭诱发的肌源性电位临床应用

前庭诱发的肌源性电位（Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials，VEMP）可用于评价球囊功能及其对称性。本文总结VEMP在神经耳科学中的应用情况。首先建立VEMP的临床适用的检查方法，这些方法包括：刺激声的选择、刺激强度及给声方式，建立VEMP在振幅、阈值、潜伏期和耳间潜伏期的正常值。临床上常用于：梅尼埃病和迟发性膜迷路积水、前庭神经炎、听神经瘤、前半规管裂综合征和听神经病的诊断定位。VEMP的振幅变化较大．潜伏期的变化较大，而阈值较稳定。梅尼埃病和迟发性膜迷路积水、前庭神经炎、听神经瘤可以出现振幅的异常或引不出；梅尼埃病、迟发性膜迷路积水和听神经瘤可见振幅和潜伏期异常。听神经瘤还可见耳间潜伏期延长。听神经病主要表现为振幅的异常，振幅减低或引不出。VEMP是一种稳定的肌源性电位，双侧声刺激较为适宜。VEMP的阈值检查主要用于压力或声音敏感性眩晕；耳间潜伏期的异常主要见于桥一小脑角占位病变：振幅和潜伏期的异常一般没有特异性．可见于累及前庭下神经的病变。     

Ten-year longitudinal study of the effect of impulse noise exposure from gunshot on inner ear function

This longitudinal study investigated how chronic gunshot noise exposure affects cochlear and saccular function in police officers who engaged in regular target shooting practice using dual protection (ear plugs plus earmuffs) for >10 years. In 1997, 20 male police officers underwent audiometry before and two weeks after shooting. Twelve of the original subjects were re-examined by audiometry coupled with vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test in 2007. Significant deterioration of mean hearing thresholds at frequencies of 500 Hz through 4000 Hz was noted ten years later, affecting both ears. However, only the frequencies of 4000 and 6000 Hz on the left ear revealed significant difference in mean hearing thresholds compared with healthy controls. Abnormal VEMP responses were evident in nine police officers (75%), including absent VEMPs 7 and delayed VEMPs 2. In conclusion, deterioration to hearing may occur after long term exposure to gunshots, even when double hearing protection is used. Further study is in progress regarding how to preserve both cochlear and saccular function during long term gunshot exposure.