HPS-1对人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡诱导作用的机制研究

目的 评价HPS-1对人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡蛋白Caspase 3、8、9以及Bax、Bcl-2mRNA表达的影响,探究HPS-1抗肺肿瘤可能机制.方法 人肺腺癌A549细胞经低、中、高剂量HPS-1处理不同时间后,噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测各组细胞的增殖情况,流式细胞术(FCM)法检测各组细胞凋亡率及细胞周期比例,比色法检测各组细胞凋亡蛋白Caspase-3、8、9的表达,RT-PCR法检测各组细胞Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA的表达.结果 MTT结果显示,低、中、高剂量HPS-1对人肺腺癌A549细胞的增殖具有明显抑制作用,且具有时间、剂量依赖性;FCM法检测发现,低、中、高剂量HPS-1对人肺腺癌A549细胞的凋亡具有促进作用,且与剂量呈正相关;比色法检测各组细胞发现,HPS-1促进凋亡蛋白Caspase-3、8、9的上调,且HPS-1高剂量组凋亡蛋白上调更明显.结论 HPS-1具有抑制人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖、诱导其凋亡作用,且该作用可能与HPS-1阻滞细胞周期G1期,上调凋亡蛋白Caspase-3、8、9及Bax mRNA表达,下调Bcl-2 mRNA表达有关.     

白藜芦醇诱导肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡的机制

目的探讨白藜芦醇(Res)诱导肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡的机制。方法用不同浓度Res处理A549细胞24 h后,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学变化,4,6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)细胞核染色后荧光显微镜观察细胞凋亡特征,噻唑蓝(MTT)检测对于A549细胞的抑制生长作用,Western印迹法检测Res作用A549细胞后P53、Bax、Bcl-2、Cleaved-Caspase3蛋白的表达变化。结果 Res处理A549细胞后,细胞间隙变大,细胞核分裂,随着药物浓度的增加上述形态变化明显。25²00μmol/L浓度的Res可明显抑制A549细胞的增殖,具有剂量依赖性,24 h的IC50为100μmol/L,而且细胞内的P53、Bax、Cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达量升高,Bcl-2蛋白被抑制,Bcl-2/Bax比值下降。结论 Res抑制A549细胞增殖,并通过P53途径诱导A549细胞凋亡,Bax、Bcl-2和Cleaved-Caspase3参与了凋亡过程。     

藤黄酸对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax、P53基因表达的影响

目的探讨藤黄酸对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)A549细胞凋亡及B淋巴细胞瘤(Bcl)-2、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、P53基因表达的影响。方法体外常规培养NSCLC A549细胞,取对数生长期的A549细胞加入不同浓度的藤黄酸进行干预,藤黄酸干预24 h后采用流式细胞术检测A549细胞凋亡率,干预24、48、72 h后采用MTT分析A549细胞生长情况;采用Western印迹实验分析藤黄酸干预对Bcl-2、Bax、P53基因表达的影响,同时分析PUMA表达情况。结果干预24 h后,A549细胞凋亡率随着藤黄酸浓度的增加而增加,均高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。不同浓度的藤黄酸对A549的生长均有一定的抑制作用,且存在剂量、时间关系,不同浓度的藤黄酸干预组A549细胞存活率均显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05);随着时间的推移,各干预组A549细胞存活率降低(P<0.05)。干预24 h后,P53、Bax、PUMA的相对表达量随着藤黄酸浓度的增加而增加,且不同浓度藤黄酸组均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05);但Bcl-2的相对表达量显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05)。结论藤黄酸可抑制NSCLC A549细胞生长,促进其凋亡,其机制可能是通过活化促凋亡基因Bax、P53、PUMA表达和抑制抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表达实现。     

藤梨根提取物抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖作用机制研究

目的观察藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物（RAE）对肺癌A549细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法体外培养肺癌A549细胞,分别给予不同浓度的RAE进行干预,流式细胞术检测用药后A549细胞凋亡率变化,免疫组化SP法检侧细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达变化,RT—PCR法检测细胞Bcl-2、Bax mRNA表达,激光共聚焦显微技术测定细胞胞内Ca^2＋浓度变化。结果各治疗组给予RAE作用后细胞凋亡率明显增加,并存在时相性和量效依赖性;用药后A549细胞Bcl-2蛋白和mRNA表达降低,而Bax蛋白和mRNA表达上调,细胞内Ca^2＋浓度明显升高,与对照组比较均有显著统计学差异（P均〈0．01）,亦存在时相性和量效依赖性。结论RAE可明显诱导肺癌A549细胞凋亡,其机制可能与降低其Bcl-2蛋白和mRNA表达、上调Bax蛋白和mRNA表达、升高细胞内Ca^2＋浓度有关。     

苦参碱诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡及其对Bax表达的影响

目的 探讨苦参碱在体外诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的凋亡作用及其机制.方法 用MTT方法检测乳腺癌MCF-7细胞生长抑制率,用流式细胞仪(FCM)分别检测MCF-7细胞凋亡情况,MCF-7细胞线粒体跨膜电位及MCF-7细胞Bax蛋白表达情况.结果 苦参碱对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞生长抑制率测定结果显示,不同浓度的苦参碱对MCF-7细胞生长抑制率与对照组相比存在明显差异(P＜0.05),呈剂量-效应正相关及时间-效应正相关,流式细胞仪检测MCF-7细胞凋亡,与对照组相比均有显著差异(P＜0.05),随着苦参碱浓度的增高,凋亡的发生率也相应提高,呈正相关.线粒体跨膜电位检测,苦参碱处理组MCF-7细胞罗丹明染色阳性数明显低于对照组,存在显著差异(P＜0.05),并随苦参碱浓度的增高而减少,呈负相关.流式细胞仪检测Bax蛋白表达显示,Bax蛋白表达上调,与对照组相比,存在显著差异(P＜0.05),且随作用浓度增高表达增强,呈正相关.结论 中药苦参碱在体外能抑制乳腺癌MCF-7细胞之生长抑制,并能诱导该细胞凋亡.     

眼镜蛇毒细胞毒素13诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡及对Bcl-2家族基因表达的影响

目的 研究眼镜蛇毒细胞毒素13诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡作用及其对Bcl-2家族基因表达的影响.方法 CCK-8法测定细胞毒素13对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖的影响;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法观察细胞凋亡形态学改变;流式细胞术分析DNA倍体及细胞凋亡率;逆转录聚合酶链反应检测Bcl-2、Bax和Bcl-x_L基因表达的变化,Western blotting检测Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的变化.结果 细胞毒素13对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖具有显著的抑制作用,并可诱导其发生凋亡,其抑制作用呈剂量依赖性.细胞毒素13可上调促凋亡蛋白Bax,而对抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Bcl-x_L的表达无明显影响.结论 细胞毒素13可能通过上调Bax表达诱导细胞凋亡,抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖.     

藤梨根提取物抗肺癌作用的体内实验研究

目的研究藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物对肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长抑制及凋亡诱导作用,探讨其可能机制。方法用肺癌A549细胞建立肺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,随机分为对照组、治疗组（高剂量组、低剂量组）。根据瘤体积变化绘制移植瘤生长曲线,根据终末瘤质量比较计算抑制率,移植瘤细胞凋亡指数检测采用TUNEL法,移植瘤细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白、Ki-67抗原表达检测采用免疫组化SP法,RT-PCR检测移植瘤Bcl-2、Bax mRNA表达。结果各治疗组经藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物治疗后移植瘤生长缓慢,治疗结束时治疗组移植瘤质量及瘤体积明显低于对照组（P均〈0.01）,高、低剂量组的瘤质量抑制率分别为69.00%和45.09%。治疗组移植瘤细胞透射电镜下均可见不同阶段典型的凋亡细胞形态学变化。各治疗组移植瘤组织凋亡指数明显高于对照组,而增殖指数明显减低,Bcl-2 mR-NA及蛋白表达较对照组亦明显减少,Bax蛋白及mRNA表达较对照组明显增加,高剂量组尤其明显（P均〈0.01）。结论藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物对肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长有抑制作用,其机制与抑制移植瘤细胞的增殖活性和诱导癌细胞凋亡有关,而降低Bcl-2基因表达、上调Bax基因表达可能是其诱导细胞凋亡机制之一。     

苦参碱对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖及HIF-1α、VEGF表达的影响

目的探讨苦参碱对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖的影响及作用机制。方法将0、5、50、100、250、500μg/mL质量浓度的苦参碱分别作用于体外培养的处于对数生长期的A549细胞,MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,RT-PCR法检测细胞缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)mRNA和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)mRNA表达。结果苦参碱呈时间、剂量依赖性抑制A549细胞生长(P<0.05);呈时间、剂量依赖性降低HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA表达(P<0.05);HIF-1α和VEGF之间表达呈正相关(r=0.994,P<0.01)。结论苦参碱能抑制人肺腺癌A549细胞的增殖,其机制可能为降低HIF-1α和VEGF表达,从而抑制肺癌组织血管生成。     

诺帝对肺腺癌细胞系A549细胞凋亡的诱导作用

目的探讨化学合成物诺帝对人肺腺癌细胞系A549细胞凋亡和凋亡调控基因bcl-2蛋白表达的影响。方法采用自行合成的化合物诺帝（终浓度为100umol／L）处理A549细胞,于处理后12、24、48和72h用细胞培养、流式细胞仪、免疫组化及图像分析等方法检测诺帝对A549细胞凋亡和bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果一定浓度的诺帝处理A549细胞12～48h,均可诱导A549细胞发生凋亡,且随着作用时间的延长,凋亡细胞数增加越明显;诺帝处理A549细胞后,出现细胞bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著降低。结论诺帝诱导了A549细胞的凋亡,其作用可能与其下调了bcl-2蛋白的表达有关。     

硝呋齐特对A549细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响及其作用机制

目的探讨硝呋齐特(nifuroxazide)对A549细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法用不同浓度(2.5、5、10μmol/L)的nifuroxazide处理肺腺癌A549细胞,采用甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)法观察nifuroxazide对细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术观察nifuroxazide对细胞凋亡的影响;采用Transwell小室观察nifuroxazide对细胞迁移及侵袭的影响。实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测nifuroxazide对微小RNA-219-5p(miR-219-5p)表达的影响;观察抑制miR-219-5p表达对细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移及侵袭能力的影响;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关蛋白(Bax)蛋白表达。结果nifuroxazide处理A549细胞后细胞增殖能力受到明显抑制(P<0.05),随浓度增加其抑制作用逐渐增强(P<0.05);nifuroxazide作用于A549细胞后,细胞凋亡率显著增加(P<0.05),迁移与侵袭细胞数显著减少(P<0.05),miR-219-5p与Bax的表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),而Bcl2表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);抑制miR-219-5p的表达可逆转nifuroxazide对A549细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡的作用。结论硝呋齐特可通过上调miR-219-5p的表达诱导A549细胞凋亡,抑制细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.