新的候选抑癌基因NOEY2在胰腺肿瘤中的表达

目的探讨NOEY2基因与胰腺癌的相关性.方法病理确诊的胰腺肿瘤26例(23例胰腺导管腺癌、3例胰岛细胞瘤),12例正常胰腺,8株人胰腺癌细胞株(Pu-Pan-1、MiapacaⅡ、Panc-1、CFpac-1、Aapc-1、BXPC3、HS766T、SW1990).用NOEY2特异性抗体进行免疫组化检测NOEY2基因编码蛋白在胰腺癌组织的表达;用该基因的cDNA探针进行RNA印迹杂交分析上述胰腺癌细胞株有无NOEY2 mRNA表达;用免疫细胞化学的方法检测NOEY2基因编码蛋白在胰腺癌细胞株的表达.结果(1)正常人胰腺导管、腺泡、胰岛细胞胞浆中均可见到NOEY2蛋白的表达;(2)23例胰腺导管腺癌组织中有11例胰腺癌组织无NOEY2蛋白表达,占47.8%,又可分为二种类型,一种为肿瘤组织表达阴性、正常组织表达阳性(2/11),另一种为肿瘤组织、正常组织表达均阴性(9/11);12/23例(52.2%)肿瘤组织癌旁组织表达均阳性.(3)本实验未发现NOEY2蛋白与胰腺癌分化程度之间有相关性;(4)3例胰岛细胞瘤均无NOEY2蛋白表达;(5)RNA印迹杂交分析及免疫细胞化学结果显示8个胰腺癌细胞株均无NOEY2基因在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达.结论NOEY2基因蛋白在正常人胰腺广泛表达,但在胰腺癌组织中蛋白表达有较高比例的缺失,在胰腺癌细胞株中不仅有蛋白表达缺失,同时NOEY2基因mRNA表达也缺失.提示NOEY2基因在胰腺癌的发生中可能起一定作用.     

无嘌呤嘧啶核酸内切酶在胰腺癌组织的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究胰腺癌组织APE的表达及其与临床肿瘤指标的关系。方法 （1）通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测4株胰腺癌细胞株APE mRNA的表达；（2）收集37例手术切除的胰腺癌及12例相应癌旁胰腺组织石蜡标本，应用EnVision免疫组化法分别检测癌组织和癌旁胰腺组织APE的表达情况。结果 4株胰腺癌细胞株均有APE mRNA表达；37例胰腺癌中APE阳性表达33例（89．2％），其中APE胞核阳性表达7例（21．2％），胞质阳性表达5例（15．2％），胞质及胞核均表达21例（63．6％）。12例癌旁胰腺组织导管及腺泡呈阴性表达，胰岛胞质呈阳性表达，胰腺上皮内瘤变呈胞核阳性表达。APE阳性率与肿瘤分化程度，肿瘤大小、淋巴及远处转移无关（P〉0．1）。结论 APE在胰腺癌组织中有较高的阳性表达率，检测其定位的特异性表达可能有助于胰腺癌的早期诊断。     

人胰腺癌中bcl—2基因和蛋白的过度表达

目的：分析胰腺癌中bcl-2基因的mRNA转录和蛋白翻译，探讨其在胰腺癌 发生、发展中的作用。方法：以50例胰腺癌组织、15例胰腺癌转移灶组织和10例慢性胰腺炎为研究对象，采用免疫组织化学（SP法）和原位分子杂交法检测bcl-2的表达。结果：Bcl-2蛋白表达与患年龄、性别、TNM分期无关，与肿瘤分化程度、有无转移病灶有关。在胰腺癌组织中的表达低于胰腺炎组织，但明显高于转移灶。免疫组织化学与原位杂交技术检测胰腺癌组织中的bcl-2基因表达结果一致。结论：Bcl-2蛋白可能作用于胰腺细胞癌变阶段，并与胰腺导管上皮癌变有关；bcl-2基因在mRNA和蛋白水平表达是相对稳定的。     

无嘌呤嘧啶核酸内切酶在胰腺癌组织的表达及其临床意义

目的研究胰腺癌组织APE的表达及其与临床肿瘤指标的关系.方法 (1)通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测4株胰腺癌细胞株APE mRNA的表达;(2)收集37例手术切除的胰腺癌及12例相应癌旁胰腺组织石蜡标本,应用EnVision免疫组化法分别检测癌组织和癌旁胰腺组织APE的表达情况.结果 4株胰腺癌细胞株均有APE mRNA表达;37例胰腺癌中APE阳性表达33例(89.2%),其中APE胞核阳性表达7例(21.2%),胞质阳性表达5例(15.2%),胞质及胞核均表达21例(63.6%).12例癌旁胰腺组织导管及腺泡呈阴性表达,胰岛胞质呈阳性表达,胰腺上皮内瘤变呈胞核阳性表达.APE阳性率与肿瘤分化程度,肿瘤大小、淋巴及远处转移无关(P ＞ 0.1).结论 APE在胰腺癌组织中有较高的阳性表达率,检测其定位的特异性表达可能有助于胰腺癌的早期诊断.     

脑源性神经营养因子在胰腺导管腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）在胰腺导管腺癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测46例胰腺导管腺癌、38例胰腺良性疾病及20例正常胰腺组织中的BDNF表达,应用蛋白质印迹法和RT-PCR法检测BDNF蛋白及mRNA表达量,并分析BDNF表达与胰腺导管腺癌临床病理参数的相关性.结果 胰腺导管腺癌组织中BDNF阳性表达率为52.2％ （24/46）,胰腺良性疾病组织为7.8％ （3/38）,而正常胰腺组织未见BDNF阳性表达.正常胰腺、胰腺良性疾病、胰腺癌组织中BDNF蛋白表达量分别为0.38±0.01、0.56±0.01、0.97±0.01,mRNA表达量分别为0.85±0.14、1.67±0.21、3.45±0.67,胰腺癌和胰腺良性疾病的表达量均显著高于正常胰腺,胰腺癌又显著高于胰腺良性疾病,差异均具有统计学意义（P值均＜0.01）.BDNF阳性表达与胰腺导管腺癌的神经浸润、淋巴结转移存在相关性（P值均＜0.05）,而与患者性别、年龄及肿瘤大小、部位、分化程度等无相关性.结论 BDNF参与胰腺癌的发生、发展,并可能与胰腺癌患者预后有关.     

人胰腺癌细胞株MUC2基因启动子区甲基化状态检测和分析

近年表观遗传学修饰方式之-的DNA甲基化成为肿瘤研究的热点。目前已发现胰腺癌中存在MUC2表达异常。目的：探讨人胰腺癌细胞株MUC2表达与其基因启动子区甲基化的关系，以了解胰腺癌的发生机制。方法：以人胰腺癌细胞株AsPC-1、BxPC-3、CFPAC-1、PANC-1、SW1990和PaTu8988s为研究对象，以逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和免疫细胞化学方法检测去甲基化制剂DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷（5-Aza-CdR）处理前后各胰腺癌细胞株MUC2 mRNA／蛋白表达的变化，以甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）结合测序检测MUC2基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化状态。结果：5-Aza-CdR处理前．胰腺癌细胞株AsPC．1、CFPAC-1和SW1990无MUC2mRNA／蛋白表达或低表达：经5-Aza-CdR处理后，MUC2mRNA／蛋白重新表达。MSP结合测序显示上述胰腺癌细胞株MUC2基因启动子区CpG岛存在高甲基化。结论：人胰腺癌细胞株MUC2表达抑制与其基因启动子区CpG岛高甲基化相关。MUC2基因启动子区CpG岛高甲基化可能在胰腺癌的发生、发展中起-定作用。     

人类真核翻译延长因子1A2在胰腺癌的表达研究

目的 研究人类真核翻译延长因子1A2(EEF1A2)及其表达产物eEF1A2蛋白在人胰腺癌细胞株和组织标本中的表达.方法 收集人胰腺导管腺癌病理标本15例,人正常胰腺组织标本8例.运用RT-PCR、Realtime-PCR、Western blot以及免疫组化等技术检测人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、BxPC3、PaTu8988和胰腺癌组织标本中EEF1A2的表达水平.结果 人胰腺腺癌细胞株PaTu8988、SW1990和BxPC3中,EEF1A2 mRNA和eEF1A2蛋白表达水平与正常胰腺组织相比,均明显上调.8例癌旁正常胰腺组织标本中仅1例胰腺导管细胞内eEF1A2呈弱阳性表达,而15例胰腺导管腺癌病理标本中,胰腺导管腺癌细胞内eEF1A2均呈中至强阳性表达,两者比较有显著差异(P ＜ 0.05).结论 EEF1A2在胰腺癌中呈异常高表达.EEF1A2的致癌机制可能与加速蛋白质翻译速度、抑制凋亡以及改变细胞骨架有关.EEF1A2有可能成为胰腺癌一个有效的诊断标志物和基因治疗靶点.     

人类真核翻译延长因子1A2在胰腺癌的表达研究

目的研究人类真核翻译延长因子1A2(EEF1A2)及其表达产物eEF1A2蛋白在人胰腺癌细胞株和组织标本中的表达。方法收集人胰腺导管腺癌病理标本15例,人正常胰腺组织标本8例。运用RT-PCR、Realtime-PCR、Western blot以及免疫组化等技术检测人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、Bx-PC3、PaTu8988和胰腺癌组织标本中EEF1A2的表达水平。结果人胰腺腺癌细胞株PaTu8988、SW1990和BxPC3中,EEF1A2mRNA和eEF1A2蛋白表达水平与正常胰腺组织相比,均明显上调。8例癌旁正常胰腺组织标本中仅1例胰腺导管细胞内eEF1A2呈弱阳性表达,而15例胰腺导管腺癌病理标本中,胰腺导管腺癌细胞内eEF1A2均呈中至强阳性表达,两者比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论EEF1A2在胰腺癌中呈异常高表达。EEF1A2的致癌机制可能与加速蛋白质翻译速度、抑制凋亡以及改变细胞骨架有关。EEF1A2有可能成为胰腺癌一个有效的诊断标志物和基因治疗靶点。     

Mucin4在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究胰腺癌组织中Mucin 4(MUC4)的表达及其与临床病理参数间的关系。方法(1)采用ABC免疫组织化学方法检测35例胰腺癌、12例胰腺良性肿瘤及5例慢性胰腺炎组织MUC4的表达。(2)通过RT-PCR方法检测12例胰腺癌组织、癌旁胰腺组织以及2株胰腺癌细胞株MUC4 mRNA的表达。结果 (1)35例胰腺癌组织中MUC4蛋白阳性表达24例,12例胰腺良性肿瘤中MUC4蛋白阳性表达2例,5例慢性胰腺炎组织中MUC4蛋白均为阴性。MUC4蛋白胰腺癌组织中阳性表达率显著高于胰腺良性肿瘤及慢性胰腺炎组织(P<0．05)。MUC4在胰腺癌组织中阳性表达率与肿瘤的部位、淋巴结转移、临床分期无关(P>0．05)。(2)12例胰腺癌组织中MUC4 mRNA表达阳性有6例,癌旁组织中无阳性表达,2株胰腺癌细胞株均呈阳性表达。MUC4 mRNA在胰腺癌组织中阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织(P<0．05)。结论 MUC4在胰腺癌中有较高的表达率,检测其表达可能有助于胰腺癌的诊断,并可作为鉴别胰腺癌和慢性胰腺炎一个重要参考指标。     

Mucin4在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究胰腺癌组织中Mucin 4(MUC4)的表达及其与临床病理参数间的关系.方法 (1)采用ABC免疫组织化学方法检测35例胰腺癌、12例胰腺良性肿瘤及5例慢性胰腺炎组织MUC4的表达.(2)通过RT-PCR方法检测12例胰腺癌组织、癌旁胰腺组织以及2株胰腺癌细胞株MUC4 mRNA的表达.结果 (1)35例胰腺癌组织中MUC4蛋白阳性表达24例,12例胰腺良性肿瘤中MUC4蛋白阳性表达2例,5例慢性胰腺炎组织中MUC4蛋白均为阴性.MUC4蛋白胰腺癌组织中阳性表达率显著高于胰腺良性肿瘤及慢性胰腺炎组织(P ＜ 0.05).MUC 4在胰腺癌组织中阳性表达率与肿瘤的部位、淋巴结转移、临床分期无关(P ＞ 0.05).(2)12例胰腺癌组织中MUC4 mRNA表达阳性有6例,癌旁组织中无阳性表达,2株胰腺癌细胞株均呈阳性表达.MUC4 mRNA在胰腺癌组织中阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织(P ＜ 0.05).结论 MUC4在胰腺癌中有较高的表达率,检测其表达可能有助于胰腺癌的诊断,并可作为鉴别胰腺癌和慢性胰腺炎一个重要参考指标.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.