脑结核瘤的诊断与治疗

本文报告经手术和病理证实的脑结核瘤１１例，其中大脑半球９例，小脑２例。单发１０例，多发１例，行全切除９例，部分切除１例，活检１例，治愈１０例，死亡１例。作者对脑结核瘤的诊断与治疗进行了较详细讨论。     

脑结核瘤28例诊治分析

目的　为了提高对脑结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法　回顾性分析 2 8例脑结核瘤的临床表现、影像、诊断治疗经过和预后。结果　所有病例均确诊为脑结核瘤 ,其中 9例术前误诊为脑肿瘤。手术治疗 2 2例 ,术前、术后均正规抗结核药物治疗 ,并动态监测头部影像 ;预后良好 2 0例、遗留不同程度神经功能障碍 6例、死亡 2例。结论　脑结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像特点、实验室检查、抗结核疗效进行综合分析 ,对于可疑病例 ,可试行强化抗结核治疗后 ,采取手术或活检明确诊断。治疗上首先正规抗结核药物治疗 ,必要时手术     

16例脑内多发结核瘤的临床分析

目的提高脑内多发结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾分析我院收治的16例脑内多发结核瘤患者的临床表现、腰穿脑脊液结果、影像学表现及治疗效果。结果多数患者以发热、头痛起病,意识障碍2例,癫痫发作1例,眼外肌麻痹7例,偏瘫3例,脑膜刺激征6例,合并血行播散型肺结核1例,腰穿压力升高13例,蛋白升高12例,氯化物降低10例,糖降低8例,脑脊液常规白细胞升高9例,细胞学混合细胞反应4例,淋巴-单核细胞反应3例。头部MRI示颅内多发结节灶,增强可见均匀闭环强化,可见典型靶征。16例患者均行四联规范抗结核治疗,治愈15例,死亡1例。结论综合分析患者临床表现、脑脊液结果和影像学表现基本可明确诊断,抗结核治疗有效可进一步确诊。     

脑结核瘤的诊治进展

正结核病是世界上最古老、最严重的传染病之一,为世界第九大致死病因,是单一病种因素导致死亡的首要病因~([1])。2017年《全球结核病报告》中,我国是排名第5的结核高负担国家,结核耐药率排名第6位。结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,M.Tb)进入脑实质引起肉芽肿性变,病灶直径大于5mm者称为脑结核瘤。中枢神经系统感染是结核病最严重形式~([2]),导致近一半以上的病人死亡或遗留严重神经系统损伤。本文就脑结核瘤诊断及治疗方面研究进展做以综述,以期为临床实践提供帮助。     

不伴脑膜炎的脑结核瘤临床诊治分析(附1例报告及文献复习)

目的:为提高对脑结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析1例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床特点、影像学表现及治疗效果。结果:该例患者脑内结核瘤呈粟粒样分布,累及大脑、小脑和脑干。抗结核治疗后病灶缩小、数目明显减少。结论:结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查及抗结核疗效进行综合判定。药物治疗需正规、长疗程。     

脑结核瘤的诊断及治疗(附17例报告)

目的探讨脑结核瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗效果。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2011年6月17例脑结核瘤的临床表现、影像学表现、实验室检查及治疗。结果依据结核病史或身体其他部位结核病灶,颅内压增高、癫痫和/或伴有脑膜刺激征等临床表现,头颅CT或MR呈现"靶征"样表现者,结合脑脊液等检查,12得以明确诊断,5例术前误诊为其他病变术后病理证实为结核瘤。17例患者中手术切除病灶11例,其中6例术前得以明确诊断;另6例采用药物治疗,病灶多可在1～3个月内缩小,3～12个月内消失。所有患者行规律抗结核治疗,无死亡病例,随访3个月至1.5年未见复发。结论脑结核瘤的诊断应根据临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析。手术结合抗痨药物治疗效果良好。     

脑结核瘤的诊断和治疗现状

脑结核瘤是中枢神经系统结核病的表现形式之一 ,一般将直径 >0 .5 cm以上的结核结节称为结核瘤 ,在中枢神经系统结核病中 ,发病仅次于结核性脑膜炎。近年来由于影象学等检查手段的进步和全球结核感染率的回升 ,文献报道有增多趋势。脑结核瘤发病率的地区差异较大 ,在英、美等发     

多发性脑结核瘤的诊断及治疗(附4例报告)

目的探讨多发性脑结核瘤的临床特点及诊疗方案。方法回顾性分析4例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床资料。结果多发性脑结核瘤多以头痛、呕吐等颅内高压症状为主要临床表现,可伴随发热及癫痫发作,常伴有颅外结核。4例患者均给予四联抗结核治疗,其中3例联合鞘内注射,临床疗效显著。结论多发性脑结核瘤的诊断需结合临床表现、影像学检查、脑脊液化验及抗结核疗效等综合分析,对临床疑似病例,应积极试验性正规抗结核治疗,必要时手术摘除病灶,联合鞘内注射异烟肼及地塞米松可能取得更好的疗效。     

单纯性脑结核瘤的临床与CT

单纯性脑结核瘤的临床与ＣＴ赵建华，胡亚梅，冯周琴现将我科１９９０年至１９９３年间收治的１２例单纯性脑结核瘤的临床及ＣＴ资料分析报告如下，以供同道参考。１临床资料１．１一般资料共１２例，男１０例，女２例，年龄１４～６０岁，平均２６岁。１０例以癫痫起病，...     

西藏自治区脑结核瘤手术治疗分析（附16例报道并文献复习）

目的 总结西藏自治区脑结核瘤的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析西藏自治区人民医院2013年9月至2021年9月手术治疗的16例脑结核瘤的临床资料。结果 15例为脑内单发病灶行开颅显微镜下手术切除病灶;1例多发病灶,手术切除小脑蚓部较大病灶以及左侧丘脑较小病灶。术后均给予标准抗结核治疗2个月,停用吡嗪酰胺,其它3联化疗3个月～1年。16例术后病理检查均诊断为脑结核瘤。1例小脑半球较大病灶术后并发严重肺部感染、电解质紊乱,最终死亡;其余15例术后随访1年,改良Rankin量表评分0分,未见复发。结论 西藏地区结核病高发,对颅内占位性病变,需重视与脑结核瘤鉴别。部分具有手术指征的脑结核瘤,积极手术治疗,联合术后规范抗结核治疗,疗效满意。     

隐源性脑脓肿1例报道及文献回顾

目的:了解隐源性脑脓肿的临床特点,总结诊疗经验,提高临床诊断的准确性,降低早期误诊率。方法:回顾分析1例经成功诊断和治疗的隐源性脑脓肿患者的临床表现、影像学特点,并结合文献对诊疗经验进行总结。结果:隐源性脑脓肿临床表现不典型,无明确感染途径,予经验性抗感染治疗,颅内病灶完全吸收,据此该病例临床诊断成立。结论:隐源性脑脓肿因感染源不明,起病隐匿,症状不典型易误诊,链球菌、葡萄球菌和厌氧菌是常见病原体。需与颅内结核瘤、脑寄生虫、脑胶质瘤、脑转移瘤等相鉴别。     

重症脑型恶性疟疾1例和文献复习

目的:分析重症脑型恶性疟疾的临床特点,提高临床诊断准确率及治疗效果。方法:结合文献对1例重症脑型恶性疟疾的临床学特点、影像学表现和治疗效果进行分析。结果:该例重症脑型疟疾患者起病临床表现不典型,进展迅速,多脏器功能衰竭。病原学诊断明确后,及时对症和对因治疗取得了很好的效果。结论:重症脑型恶性疟疾病情严重,需结合流行病学史、临床表现及实验室检查早期诊断,积极治疗,改善预后。     

颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 进一步提高对颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗水平。方法 对7例颅内结核瘤的临床特点、CT和MRI的改变进行回顾性分析。结果 7例中5例全切,2例部分切除,术后给予正规抗结核治疗,全部治愈。结论 对于不能确诊的病例行手术切除或活检可明确诊断,对其治疗应制定正确的方案,避免延误治疗。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤4例临床分析及文献回顾

目的:分析原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的临床特点,提高临床诊断率。方法:结合文献对4例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的临床特点、病理学检查、影像学表现、治疗及预后进行回顾性分析。结果:4例患者以颅内压升高和神经功能缺损为主要临床表现,病理检查结果均为非何杰金淋巴瘤(B细胞型)。4例均行手术切除,术后给予联合放化疗、单纯化疗或放疗,至随访终点,2例患者死亡,平均存活时间为20个月。结论:原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断需结合临床特点和影像学表现来综合判定,确诊必须依赖病理学检查;原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤预后不佳,手术治疗是PCNSL的主要治疗方法,术后应积极放化疗。     

Meckel''s Cave Tuberculoma with Unusual Infratemporal Extension

The authors describe a rare case of intracranial tuberculoma of the Meckel's cave and cavernous sinus with extension into the infratemporal fossa causing widening of the foramen ovale and adjacent bone destruction. The rarity of the lesion and the unusual extension of the lesion are presented with a brief review of literature.     

Biomarkers for the Clinical Differential Diagnosis in Traumatic Brain Injury—A Systematic Review

Rapid triage and decision‐making in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) present challenging dilemma in “resource poor” environments such as the battlefield and developing areas of the world. There is an urgent need for additional tools to guide treatment of TBI. The aim of this review is to establish the possible use of diagnostic TBI biomarkers in (1) identifying diffuse and focal brain injury and (2) assess their potential for determining outcome, intracranial pressure (ICP), and responses to therapy. At present, there is insufficient literature to support a role for diagnostic biomarkers in distinguishing focal and diffuse injury or for accurate determination of raised ICP. Presently, neurofilament (NF), S100β, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase‐L1 (UCH‐L1) seemed to have the best potential as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing focal and diffuse injury, whereas C‐tau, neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), S100β, GFAP, and spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) appear to be candidates for ICP reflective biomarkers. With the combinations of different pathophysiology related to each biomarker, a multibiomarker analysis seems to be effective and would likely increase diagnostic accuracy. There is limited research focusing on the differential diagnostic properties of biomarkers in TBI. This fact warrants the need for greater efforts to innovate sensitive and reliable biomarkers. We advocate awareness and inclusion of the differentiation of injury type and ICP elevation in further studies with brain injury biomarkers.     

Clinical Factors and Perioperative Strategies Associated with Outcome in Preinjury Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation Therapy for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries

Objective

Long-term oral anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy has been used with increasing frequency in the elderly. These patients are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from expansion of intracranial hemorrhage. We conducted a single-center retrospective case control study to evaluate risk factors associated with outcomes and to identify the differences in outcome in traumatic brain injury between preinjury anticoagulation use and without anticoagulation.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients who underwent craniotomy or craniectomy for acute traumatic cerebral hemorrhage, between January 2005 and December 2014 was performed.

Results

A consecutive series of 50 patients were evaluated. The factors significantly differed between the two groups were initial Prothrombin Time-International Normalized Ratio, initial platelet count, initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, and postoperative intracranial bleeding. Mean Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score were similar between the two groups. In the patient with low-energy trauma only, no significant differences in GOS score, postoperative bleeding and many other factors were observed. The contributing factors to postoperative bleeding was preinjury anticoagulation and its adjusted odds ratio was 12 [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 12.242; p=0.0070]. The contributing factors to low GOS scores, which mean unfavorable neurological outcomes, were age (adjusted OR, 1.073; p=0.039) and Rotterdam scale score for CT scans (adjusted OR, 3.123; p=0.0020).

Conclusion

Preinjury anticoagulation therapy contributed significantly to the occurrence of postoperative bleeding. However, preinjury anticoagulation therapy in the patients with low-energy trauma did not contribute to the poor clinical outcomes or total hospital stay. Careful attention should be given to older patients and severity of hemorrhage on initial brain CT.     

毒鼠强中毒致癫癎发作的临床观察

目的:探讨毒鼠强中毒的临床表现,提高诊断率。方法:对12例毒鼠强中毒病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:12例中有6例强直-阵挛发作,4例癫癎持续状态,1例单纯部分性运动性发作,1例无癫癎发作。结论:毒鼠强中毒可表现为各种类型癫癎发作,对于不明原因的癫癎发作应注意排除毒鼠强中毒可能,减少误诊率,增加抢救成功率。     

脑活检超微结构检查的临床意义

目的 :探讨脑活检超微结构检查的临床意义。方法 :对 33例行脑活检超微结构检查的患者进行总结。结果 :33例患者中 31例明确了诊断 ,其中神经元腊样质脂褐质沉积征 (NCL) 1 8例 ,GM2 型神经节苷质沉积征 5例 ,异染性脑白质营养不良 (MDL) 3例 ,Canavan病 3例 ,原浆型星形胶质细胞瘤 1例 ,脱髓鞘性脑病 1例。结论 :脑活检超微结构检查适用于神经科疑难病例的诊断 ,且安全可靠