神经介入术后止血方法的临床分析

目的探讨神经介入术后应用动脉压迫器、血管封堵器及血管缝合器的止血效果。方法 890例神经介入治疗术后患者平均随机分为3组:动脉压迫器组、血管封堵器组及血管缝合器止血组,观察股动脉穿刺部位的止血时间、制动时间、创口处理时间及并发症等。结果血管缝合器与动脉压迫器相比止血时间、制动时间、创口处理时间均缩短,动脉压迫器组止血时间(20.96±2.47)min,血管缝合器止血时间(3.63±1.02)min,2组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血管缝合器与血管封堵器相比止血时间、制动时间、创口处理时间均缩短,血管缝合器创口处理时间(4.68±0.67)min,血管封堵器创口处理时间(5.85±0.97)min,2组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血管缝合器用于神经介入诊疗术后并发症较少、止血效果较好、舒适度较高。     

经桡动脉和股动脉路径行全脑血管造影和颈动脉支架置入术患者辐射剂量及照射时间研究

目的对比经桡动脉和股动脉路径行脑数字减影血管造影术(DSA)和颈动脉支架置入术患者辐射剂量及照射时间。方法分析2012年1月至2018年9月在四川大学华西医院和成都市第七人民医院行DSA与DSA+颈动脉支架置入术(CAS)的213例患者,其中行DSA患者147例,DSA+CAS者66例。术前先对患者行Allen‘s试验,桡动脉搏动良好且试验阳性经患者同意行桡动脉穿刺者为观察组,其余行股动脉穿刺者为对照组。行DSA患者中对照组52例,观察组95例。行DSA+CAS患者中对照组24例,观察组42例。对照组行股动脉穿刺,观察组行桡动脉穿刺。分别对比不同介入方式的DSA与DSA+CAS患者累积剂量(CD)、总剂量面积乘积(DAP)、电影(DAP)、透视(DAP)、透视时间及采集帧数、射线照射时间及术后并发症。结果两组DSA患者射线照射时间及假性动脉瘤对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组患者血肿及尿潴留发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组DSA+CAS患者假性动脉瘤发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组射线照射时间、血肿及尿潴留发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组DSA患者CD、总剂量DAP、电影DAP、透视DAP及采集帧数对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),DSA+CAS患者中观察组患者CD、总剂量DAP、电影DAP、透视DAP及采集帧数均明显较对照组小(P0.05)。结论经桡动脉和股动脉路径相比行全脑血管造影对辐射剂量及照射时间均无显著影响,但经桡动脉可明显降低术后并发症发生率。经桡动脉行颈动脉支架置入术较股动脉路径可明显降低辐射剂量,缩短照射时间,降低并发症发生率。     

经皮桡动脉穿刺及股动脉穿刺行全脑血管造影术对比分析

目的评价经皮桡动脉穿刺途径行全脑血管造影术(DSA)的安全性和有效性。方法选取我院100例行DSA住院患者,其中经桡动脉穿刺途径(桡动脉组)48例,男25例,女23例,平均年龄(56.0±8.0)岁;经股动脉穿刺途径(股动脉组)52例,男28例,女24例,平均年龄(57.5±6.5)。比较2组X线曝光时间、手术操作时间、手术成功率、卧床时间、血管并发症发生率。结果经桡动脉组X线曝光时间、手术操作时间与经股动脉组比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经桡动脉组手术成功率、卧床时间、血管并发症发生率明显低于经股动脉组(P<0.05)。结论经皮桡动脉穿刺行全脑血管造影术具有安全、有效、并发症少、恢复快等特点,值得推广应用。     

脑血管造影术后穿刺动脉局部压迫止血方法及护理

目的 探讨经皮股动脉穿刺脑血管造影术后穿刺动脉压迫止血的方法及护理技巧.方法 60例患者脑血管造影术后根据穿刺股动脉局部压迫止血方法的不同分为Smmat-closeTM动脉压迫止血器组(观察组)和人工压迫止血组(对照组),观察两种方法止血的有效性、止血操作时间、制动时间、并发症、舒适度,并分析其护理技巧.结果 两组共60例患者均成功止血.观察组和对照组止血操作时间和制动时间分别为(2.5±0.9)min和(23.6±1.2)min、(9.6±0.3)h和(24.6±0.6)h,两组止血操作时间和制动时间均差异显著(P<0.05).观察组发生血管迷走反应1例,对照组发生皮下血肿1例.观察组出现不适反应5例(16.7%,5/30),其中腰背酸痛3例,排尿困难1例,睡眠差1例;对照组出现不适反应15例(50.0%,15/30),其中腰背酸痛10例,排尿困难2例,排大便困难1例,精神紧张1例,睡眠差1例;两组总不适反应率差异显著(P<0.05).结论 动脉压迫止血器止血和人工压迫止血的有效性和安全性相当;前者止血时间、制动时间短,舒适度高;合理护理可改善患者舒适度,减少并发症.     

不同方法对股动脉穿刺点局部压迫止血效果的评价

目的 比较优力舒、沙袋压迫及绷带加压包扎对股动脉穿刺点的止血效果,为股动脉穿刺点止血选择最好的局部压迫方法。方法 将207例行股动脉穿刺术患者分为3组:优力舒组(105例)、沙袋组(62例)及绷带组(40例)。三种不同方法对血管内治疗后股动脉穿刺点进行局部压迫,分别观察止血效果。结果 优力舒组仅1例发生穿刺点渗血;而沙袋组及绷带组分别有4例及7例发生穿刺点渗血。3组穿刺点渗血发生率相比,沙袋组明显低于绷带组(P<0.01),而优力舒组则明显低于另两组(P<0.01),且优力舒粘贴部位皮肤无过敏现象。结论 使用优力舒压迫股动脉穿刺点具有止血效果好,无明显不良反应,且操作简便,病人易于接受。     

经桡动脉途径血管内支架成形术治疗老年症状性椎动脉狭窄的有效性和安全性评价

目的探讨经桡动脉途径血管内支架成形术治疗老年症状性椎动脉狭窄的有效性和安全性。方法选取2011—2014年我院收治的老年症状性椎动脉狭窄患者74例,随机平均分为2组,分别行经桡动脉与股动脉血管内支架成形术。结果 2组1次手术穿刺成功率及临床预后无显著差异,观察组鞘管置入时间明显延长,置入鞘管至球囊扩张时间及术后卧床时间明显缩短,术后并发症发生率明显减低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05))。结论经桡动脉途径血管内支架成形术治疗老年症状性椎动脉狭窄能够缩短患者恢复时间,减少相关并发症,还能保证临床预后效果,适合临床推广应用。     

脑血管病支架置入后应用YM-GU-1229型动脉压迫止血器和传统加压法的比较

选择2007-01/2008-01解放军沈阳军区总医院神经外科接受经皮股动脉穿刺脑血管病支架置入患者100例，按支架置入后是否应用止血器分为2组，每组50例。观察组：应用YM-GU-1229型动脉压迫止血器止血，对照组：采用传统人工按压沙袋加压的方法止血。比较2组止血操作及制动时间的差异，并观察2组患者舒适度等相关副作用的情况。结果显示观察组止血操作及制动时间明显少于对照组(P < 0.01)；患者舒适度等相关副作用的发生率明显低于对照组(P < 0.05)。提示脑血管病支架置入后应用YM-GU-1229型动脉压迫止血器明显缩短止血操作及制动时间，减轻了操作者的劳动强度，也缓解了患者的身心不适。     

不同成袢技术在桡动脉入路行全脑血管造影中的应用

目的 评估降主动脉成袢技术、主动脉瓣成袢技术和主动脉瓣辅助降主动脉成袢技术在经桡动脉入路行全脑血管造影术中的临床应用。方法 回顾分析492例经桡动脉入路行脑血管造影术患者不同技术的成功率、成袢技术造影时间、曝光时间及并发症情况,除外经桡动脉穿刺未成功者,其余分为：降主动脉组325例（降主动脉成袢技术）,主动脉瓣辅助降主动脉组79例（主动脉瓣辅助降主动脉成袢技术）,主动脉瓣组76例（主动脉瓣成袢技术）。结果 492例入组患者中,手术成功率97.56%。在降主动脉成袢术、主动脉瓣辅助降主动脉成袢术和主动脉瓣成袢术中,造影时间分别为30.0(27.0～34.0)min、45.0(40.0～50.0)min和74.5(65.0～86.0)min;曝光时间分别为11.2(10.5～12.0)min、16.5(15.2～8.1)min和24.9(23.9～26.0)min,3种技术的造影时间和曝光时间依次增长（P<0.05）。手术总并发症发生率约5.42%,各组并发症存在统计学差异（P=0.007）,其中主动脉瓣组并发症13.15%,明显高于降主动脉组3.69%(P=0.003)。结论 降主...     

桡动脉入路全脑血管造影的影响因素研究

目的 探讨分析桡动脉入路全脑血管造影的影响因素。 方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究，连续登记2014年1-12月在首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院神经内 科收治的桡动脉入路全脑血管造影患者293例，收集患者人口学资料、血管危险因素、主动脉弓及变 异、成攀技术方式、手术操作时间及并发症。依据手术操作时间分为手术困难组和对照组，通过两 组间差异及多因素Logistic回归分析影响手术难度的相关因素。 结果 293例患者中，男212例，女81例，平均年龄（63.3±9.8）岁。手术困难组和对照组比较发现，年 龄、糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、吸烟史、Ⅲ型主动脉弓差异有统计学意义。Logi sti c回归分析发现，Ⅲ 型主动脉弓（比值比9.93，95%可信区间6.63～14.86，P＜0.01）是影响桡动脉入路全脑血管造影手术 难度的独立危险因素。 结论 主动脉弓形态是影响经桡动脉全脑血管造影的重要因素，Ⅲ型主动脉弓使造影难度增加、并 发症增多。     

远隔缺血适应治疗的不同剂量对舒适度的影响

目的比较两种远隔缺血适应治疗临床常用剂量的舒适度,以期为远隔缺血适应的临床转化研究提供依据。方法本研究选取2017-06—08在宣武医院神经内科工作或进修的80名健康成人为受试者。按入组顺序采用随机数字法随机分为2组,组1和组2各40名受试者。组1给予双上肢臂带加压200mmHg的压力,持续3min后再放松3min作为一个循环,每次3个循环。组2给予双上肢臂带加压200mmHg,持续5min后再放松5min作为一个循环,每次5个循环。同时观察2组受试者在远隔缺血适应全过程线性视觉模拟评分的差异。结果 2组受试者年龄、性别、BMI、受试前血压等一般资料,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),整个观察周期中组2受试者舒适度明显低于组1受试者(P0.05)。结论 RIC治疗剂量不同其主观舒适度不同,训练时长较短的受试者其舒适度较高,而较高的舒适度将有提高患者行RIC治疗依从性的可能。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.