Validation study of the Japanese version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale

The Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) is a self-rating questionnaire that measures cognitive and behavioral aspects of craving for alcohol. The OCDS consists of two subscales: the obsessive thoughts of drinking subscale (OS) and the compulsive drinking subscale (CS). This study aims to validate the Japanese version of the OCDS. First, internal consistency and discriminant validity were evaluated. Second, a prospective longitudinal 3-month outcome study of 67 patients with alcohol dependence who participated in a relapse prevention program was designed to assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the OCDS. The OCDS demonstrated high internal consistency. The OS had high discriminant validity, while the CS did not. Twenty-three patients (34.3%) dropped out of treatment. These patients had significantly higher OS scores than those who completed the program. At 3 months, the relapse group had significantly higher OCDS scores than the no relapse group. Also, the OCDS score was higher in subjects who had early-onset alcohol dependence than late-onset dependence. The OCDS is useful for evaluating cognitive aspect of craving and predicts dropout and relapse.     

Reliability and validity of Japanese version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview

The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) is a short, structured diagnostic interview used as a tool to diagnose 16 axis I (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) DSM-IV disorders and one personality disorder. Its original version was developed by Sheehan and Lecrubier. We translated the MINI into Japanese, and investigated the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of MINI. Eighty-two subjects participated in the validation of the MINI versus the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-P). One hundred and sixty-nine subjects participated in the validation of the MINI versus an expert's professional opinion. Seventy-seven subjects were interviewed by two investigators and subsequently readministered by a third interviewer blind to the results of initial evaluation 1-2 days later. In general, kappa values indicated good or excellent agreement between MINI and SCID-P diagnoses. Kappa values indicated poor agreement between MINI and expert's diagnoses for most diagnoses. Interrater and test-retest reliabilities were good or excellent. The mean durations of the interview were 18.8 min for MINI and 45.4 min for corresponding sections of SCID-P. Overall, the results suggest that the MINI Japanese version succeeds in reliably and validly eliciting symptom criteria used in making DSM-III-R diagnoses, and can be performed in less than half the time required for the SCID-P.     

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview

Abstract  Despite a rapid increase in disabled elderly in Japan, the burden of the caregiver has not been properly assessed due to a lack of objective measurements. Our study was aimed at adapting and validating the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) in Japan, which is one of the most widely used measurements for caregivers' burden in the United States. Sixty-six caregivers answered the self-administered questionnaire, involving the Japanese version of the ZBI and questions regarding their caregiving situation. Our study demonstrated that the Japanese version of the ZBI had equally as high reliability and validity as the original version. The Japanese ZBI had a high test—retest reliability (r = 0.76) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). The total score of the ZBI was highly correlated with the caregivers' score of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score (r = 0.50), as well as a single global rating of burden (r = 0.71). It was also shown that demographic distribution of the score of the Japanese version had a similar trend to that of the original version. Caregivers who looked after patients with behavioral disturbances were found to have a significantly higher ZBI score than those who looked alter patients without behavioral disturbances, which is consistent with previous findings. It is concluded that the Japanese version of the ZBI can be used to measure feelings of burden of caregivers in the Japanese population and can be used for cross-cultural comparison.     

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the child abuse potential inventory abuse scale

Introduction: The present study examined the reliability, validity, and cutoff scores of the Japanese version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) abuse scale, which screens for parents at risk of child abuse. Methods: Samples consisted of 1,809 parents, 109 students, and 33 child abusers in Japan. The CAPI was administered to all participants, and twice to the student sample at a 2‐week interval. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's α, and construct validity by principal factor analysis with the parent sample. Test‐retest reliability was assessed with Pearson's r with the student sample. With regard to predictive validity, the cutoff scores and classification rates were calculated through discriminant analysis between abusers and matched non‐abusers. Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.88), test‐retest reliability (Pearson's r=0.93; two‐tailed P<0.001), and predictive validity (overall diagnostic power=90%) were all highly satisfactory. Regarding construct validity, the six‐factor structure of the original version was not replicated; only three factors were obtained. The discriminant analysis showed the basic cutoff score as 159. The conservative cutoff score for the upper 5% of the parent sample was 218. Discussion: The Japanese version of the CAPI abuse scale showed highly satisfactory internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and predictive validity. The construct correspondence with the original version was more compromised. This version of the CAPI identified parents with scores of 159 or greater as being at risk of abusing a child.     

Reliability, validity and clinical utility of a Japanese version of the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale as calibrated using the Beck Depression Inventory

Aim: The Social Adaptation Self‐evaluation Scale (SASS) was developed to assess the social impairment caused by depression. The purposes of this study were to develop a Japanese version of the SASS (SASS‐J) and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: The SASS‐J and the 21‐item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to 322 participants (95 working patients who were working while under treatment for depression, 99 non‐working patients who were absent from their work due to depression, and 128 healthy controls). The healthy controls underwent both questionnaires twice, at baseline and 2 weeks later, in order to assess test–retest reliability. Results: Cronbach's alpha was 0.81. Significance correlations were found between SASS‐J scores at baseline and 2 weeks later in healthy controls (R = 0.845, P < 0.001). There were negative correlations between the SASS‐J and BDI scores (ρ = –0.683, P < 0.001). Mean SASS‐J scores differed significantly among the three groups (working patients: 33.7 ± 7.9; non‐working patients: 25.2 ± 7.8; healthy controls: 36.1 ± 6.0 [mean ± SD]). The best compromise between the true positive and the false negative rate in this study was at a cut‐off point of 25/26. Conclusion: SASS‐J showed sufficient reliability and validity, and could be considered a suitable instrument to evaluate social functioning in depressive patients.     

记忆改变测试量表中文版的信效度

目的 初步探讨记忆改变测试量表(M@T)中文版在我国老年人群中应用的信度、效度和可行性.方法 以横断面调查测试的形式测查220名某社区老年人,其中明确诊断为轻度认知功能损害(MCI)患者39例、阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者20例,认知正常者161名,用内部一致性、内容效度、标准效度、主成分和因子分析、影响因素等对测试结果进行评价.结果 M@T筛查量表克朗巴赫α系数(Cronbach α)为0.818.各项目得分与总分相关系数为0.5～0.9;MMSE与M@T相关系数为0.933.因子分析提取5个公因子,能解释总方差的69.449%,且各项目在相应因子上有较满意的因子载荷量(≥0.4).不同认知水平组M@T得分[认知正常组(39.0±3.7)分、MCI组(29.0±3.7)分、AD组(16.9±3.7)分]差异有统计学意义(F=498.419,P<0.05).不同性别、年龄、职业、文化程度人群的M@T得分差异无统计学意义.结论 中文版M@T具有较好的信效度和可行性,基本不受性别、年龄、职业、文化程度等因素的影响.

Abstract：

Objectives To study the reliability,validity and feasibility of the Chinese version of memory alteration test(M@T).Methods Cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample was employed to interview 220 elderly people over 60 years old,39 patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),20 with Alzheimer's disease(AD),and 161 normal cognitive elderly.The survey was,then evaluated with internal consistency,content validity,criterion validity,principal component/factor analysis and influencing factors.Results A Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.818 was obtained in M@T. The correlation coefficients which were the score of the subtest and the total were 0.5-0.9.The correlation coefficient of the scores of the Mini.mental State Examination(MMSE)and the M@T Was 0.933.The 5 factors were extracted with the factor analysis,which could explain the total variance of 69.449%,and the corresponding factors of the proieets have a satisfied amount of factor loading(≥0.4).There were significant diffeFences in the score of M@T among the different cognitive level groups with good discriminant validity(cognitive normal group:39.0±3.7,MCI group:29.0±3.7,AD group:16.9±3.7;F=498.419,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the score of M@T among the different gender,age,occupation and education level groups.Conclusions The Chinese version of M@T has good reliability and validity and feasibility.The score of the M@T is not affected by gender,age,occupation,education level and other factors.     

强迫症症状分类量表(修订版)中文版的信效度研究

目的:评价中文版强迫症症状分类量表(修订版)(OCI-R)在正常人群和强迫症患者中的信、效度。方法:采用中文版耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表(Y-BOCS)对299例在校大学生及90例强迫症患者进行评定,同时要求每位被试者自行完成OCI-R中文版的评估。其中44名强迫症患者于4周后进行再次测试。结果:OCI-R中文版Cronbach’salpha=0.88,重测信度r=0.690(P<0.05)。OCI-R验证性因素分析结果:χ2=403.07,ν=120,n=299;拟合优度指数(GFI)=0.87;近似误差均方根(RMSEA)=0.086;比较拟合指数(CFI)=0.96;非标准拟合参数(NNFI)=0.95。OCI-R各条目在总量表中的负荷值r=0.450～0.660(P<0.01),各维度在总量中的负荷值r=0.662～0.782(P<0.01)。强迫症患者中OCI-R总分与Y-BOCS总分之间相关系数r=0.422(P<0.01)。结论:OCI-R(修订版)中文译本具有良好的信效度,符合心理测试要求,可适用于中国人群强迫症状的测量。     

Japanese version of the Quality of Relationship Inventory: its reliability and validity among women with recurrent spontaneous abortion

Until now most of the research on social support has concentrated on general support in relationship to the whole group of people around each individual. In contrast, only a few studies have dealt with individual-specific support (i.e. social support from a particular individual relationship). The Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) is a recently developed questionnaire to measure individual-specific social support. We developed the Japanese version by means of back translation and ascertained its reliability and validity among the Japanese women who had had two recurrent spontaneous abortions without known organic etiologies. Factor analysis revealed that the Japanese QRI had a two-factor structure, representing supportive and conflictual aspects of a particular relationship (named Factor-S and Factor-C, respectively). Each factor showed satisfactory reliability with Cronbach's alphas of 0.95 and 0.89. When the QRI scores were compared with the scales from the Social Support Questionnaire, a measure of general social support, the Factor-C of the former with respect to the mother correlated negatively with the Social Support Satisfaction of the latter (r = - 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.64 to - 0.09). Childhood experiences with parents also showed expected correlations with the QRI: care received from the parent before age 16 years strongly predicted Factor-S with that parent (r = 0.50, 95% CI 0.21-0.71 in the case of the mother; r = 0.54, 95% CI 0.27-0.73 in the case of the father). Although we still need to examine the Japanese QRI with different populations, it appears to be a promising measure of individual-specific relationship for the Japanese population.     

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment, as part of a psychosocial study among family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: Participants were derived from the Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang, China. The research established the internal consistent reliability, test–retest reliability and construct validity. Results: The research comprised 400 family caregivers. The Chinese version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment showed adequate internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability and appropriate construct validity. After adjusting items 4, 8, 15 and 18, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five new factors of the Chinese version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment had goodness of fit. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the Chinese version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring specific aspects of the caregiving experience in the Chinese population.     

Reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Cambridge depersonalization scale as a screening instrument for depersonalization disorder

Aims:  The Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS) is an instrument that has obtained reliability and validity in some countries for use in detecting depersonalization disorder under clinical conditions, but not yet in Japan under non-psychiatric conditions. The purposes of this study were to develop a Japanese version of the CDS (J-CDS) and to examine its reliability and validity as an instrument for screening depersonalization disorder under non-clinical conditions.
Methods:  The CDS was translated from English into Japanese and then back-translated into English by a native English-speaking American. After making the J-CDS, we examined its reliability and validity. Questionnaires that were composed of J-CDS, the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), the Zung self-rating scale and the Maudsley Obsessional–Compulsive Inventory were administrated to 59 participants (12 patients with depersonalization disorder, 11 individuals who had recovered from depersonalization and 36 healthy controls).
Results:  Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. The J-CDS score in the depersonalization group was significantly higher than in the healthy control group. The J-CDS score was significantly correlated with scores of total DES, and DES-depersonalization. The best compromise between the true positive and false negative rate was at a cut-off point of 60, yielding a sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 0.96.
Conclusions:  In this study, J-CDS showed good reliability and validity. The best cut-off point, when we use this for distinguishing individuals with depersonalization disorder from individuals without psychiatric disorders, is 60 points.     

自我护理能力实施量表中文版在精神分裂症患者中的信效度

目的:评价自我护理能力实施量表(ESCA)中文版在精神分裂症患者中的信度和效度。方法:抽取150例精神分裂症患者进行ESCA初测,进行初步的项目分析;正式施测阶段抽取300例精神分裂症患者,7 d后对其中30例进行重测,计算克朗巴赫α系数、重测信度评价量表内部一致性;采用探索性因子分析方法考评量表结构效度;相关分析来评价量表的效标效度。结果:条目一总分相关法及决断值法对条目的区分度进行分析后,组成35个条目的新量表,经最大方差旋转法旋转后提取4个因子,4个因子累计解释的方差为42.38%;ESCA与日常生活能力评定量表、护士用住院病人观察量表相关系数分别为0.59,0.63;Cranach'sα系数为0.88,重测信度为0.65。结论:ESCA中文版具有较好的信度和效度,用于精神分裂症患者自我护理能力的研究需要反复修订。     

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the adolescent dissociative experiences scale

The Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) is designed to measure dissociation in adolescents. The present study aimed to assess the reliability, validity, and psychometric characteristics of the Turkish version of the A-DES. The Turkish version of the A-DES was administered to 20 patients with a dissociative disorder, 24 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 31 patients with anxiety disorder, 31 patients with mood disorder, 24 patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 201 non-clinical participants. The internal consistency and the test-retest correlation of the A-DES were excellent. The mean total score of A-DES was 6.2 in dissociative disorder, 3.9 in PTSD, 2.1 in anxiety disorder, 2.4 in mood disorder, 2.5 in ADHD groups and 2.4 in non-clinical participants. There was a statistically significant difference between dissociative patients and other diagnostic groups on the A-DES total score. The good psychometric characteristics of the A-DES among Turkish participants support its cross-cultural validity.     

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale

Abstract The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (JY-BOCS) were determined by 20 raters for 12 Japanese patients with obsessive compulsive disorder at four institutions. Interrater reliability for the total JY-BOCS score was excellent, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC = 0.960). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's α= 0.889). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the JY-BOCS was examined by comparing the scores on the JY-BOCS with those on the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and scales for depression and anxiety. A slight correlation was found between scores on the JY-BOCS and MOCI, but no significant correlations were found between scores on the JY-BOCS and those on scales for depression or anxiety.     

The Japanese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version (BIS-11): its reliability and validity

No instrument for assessing impulsiveness has been developed in Japan. After translating the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11th version (BIS-11) into Japanese, we investigated reliability and validity in student (n = 34) and worker (n = 416) samples. To assess test-retest reliability, the intraclass coefficient between test and retest was calculated in the student sample. Internal consistency was examined by calculating Cronbach's alpha in the worker sample. To see factor validity, we examined by confirmatory factor analysis whether the three-factor model, proposed by a previous report, fit the data. The results showed that the Japanese version of the BIS-11 had excellent test-retest reliability and acceptable internal consistency reliability. In addition, the Japanese version was judged to have similar factor structure to the original one. The Japanese version of the BIS-11 is a reliable and valid measure and has possible utility for assessing impulsiveness.     

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index

This preliminary study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). Its test-retest reliability and internal consistency were found acceptable. Factor analysis of the ASI yielded 4 anxiety-related factors: factor I is heart/lung failure concern; factor II, psychological concern; factor III, physical concern; and factor IV, social concern. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that the ASI score significantly correlated only with the neuroticism-related category of the NEO-Personality Inventory Revised. The ASI mean scores of those with 5 or more according to the General Health Questionnaire (unhealthy) and those with 16 or more according to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depressive Scale (depression) were significantly higher than in the healthy and nondepressive groups. Although further research is necessary to confirm the construct validity by factor analysis of the ASI, the Japanese version of the ASI is applicable for use in the Japanese population.     

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index in the context of detecting depression in diabetic patients

The present study had two aims. The first was to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Japanese version of the World Health Organization (WHO)-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5-J) as a brief well-being scale. The second was to examine the discriminatory validity of this test as a screening tool for current depressive episodes in diabetic patients. A sample of 129 diabetic patients completed the WHO-5-J. Of these, 65 were also interviewed by psychiatrists to assess whether they had any current depressive episodes according to DSM-IV. The internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, the Loevinger coefficient of homogeneity, and factor analysis. The external concurrent validity was evaluated by correlations with the external scales potentially related to subjective well-being. Discriminatory validity was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Cronbach's alpha and the Loevinger coefficient were estimated to be 0.89 and 0.65, respectively. A factor analysis identified only one factor. The WHO-5-J was significantly correlated with a number of major diabetic complications, depression, anxiety, and subjective quality of life. ROC analysis showed that the WHO-5-J can be used to detect a current depressive episode (area under curve: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.85-0.98). A cut-off of <13 yielded the best sensitivity/specificity trade-off: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 78%. The WHO-5-J was thus found to have a sufficient reliability and validity, indicating that it is a useful instrument for detecting current depressive episodes in diabetic patients.     

公众对癫痫患者态度测评量表中文版信度及效度分析

目的 中文翻译公众对癫痫患者态度测评(PATE)量表并在中国内地进行信度及效度分析.方法 采用国际通行的量表翻译程序,将PATE量表翻译为中文版.利用便利抽样的方法在湖南省长沙市选取210个具有经济文化代表性的汉族成人,分析中文版量表的信度及效度.结果 总计得到199份有效问卷,有效率为94.7％,问卷平均应答时间为7 min;199位有效问卷答卷者平均年龄为33.75岁,有一定的经济文化代表性;量表各条目与各自所属领域相关性显著,与总体量表及其他领域相关较弱;探索性因子分析及验证性因子分析表明中文版量表与原量表的内在构造基本一致;各领域及量表整体的Cronbach's Alpha系数处于0.853 ～0.909之间.结论 中文版的PATE量表的信度和效度良好,可以应用于中国公众对癫痫病人态度的评测.