改良横腭杆作支抗协助导萌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙10例报告

目的：探讨使用改良的横腭杆正畸临床矫治腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙的疗效。方法：选择2010～2012年在周口市口腔医院正畸科就诊的腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙10例,均经螺旋CT检查确诊为腭侧埋伏,并有较大把握导萌者。所有患者都采用了改良横腭杆的矫治方法。结果：经过平均7.6个月的导萌治疗（最短4.6个月,最长8.4个月）10个病例共12颗埋伏阻生尖牙均导萌成功,埋伏阻生的尖牙均移至理想的位置,咬合关系良好,牙龈附着满意,未见有牙根吸收现象。结论：改良横腭杆协助正畸临床导萌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙是一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙与颈椎骨骼异常的相关性研究

目的:通过头影测量片、曲面平展片、锥形束CT检测腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙与颈椎骨骼异常之间是否存在关联.方法:选取103例腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙患者作为实验组,103例尖牙正常萌出的安氏I类患者作为对照组,头影测量片记录前4个颈椎融合和环椎后弓缺陷的数据.采用SPSS21.0软件包对腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙与颈椎骨骼异常之间的关系进行r检验.结果:实验组的颈椎融合发生率为71.84％(74例),而对照组为15.53％(16例),实验组显著高于对照组(P＜0.001);实验组的环椎后弓缺陷发生率为10.68％(11例),而对照组为4.85％(5例),实验组和对照组之间无显著差异.结论:腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙患者颈椎骨骼异常的发生率明显增加,颈椎骨骼异常可以配合其他诊断参数,确认尖牙埋伏的情况.     

腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙与鞍桥的相关性研究

目的:比较腭侧埋伏阻尖牙生和尖牙正常萌出患者的蝶鞍大小,检测鞍桥和腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙之间是否存在关联。方法:选择腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙患者的头颅侧位片作为实验组,共103例,尖牙正常萌出者作为对照组,共103例。测量蝶鞍的长度、深度、直径,依据蝶鞍的钙化程度将其分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型。结果:除蝶鞍深度外,蝶鞍长度、直径两组间比较差异均有统计学意义。实验组男性的蝶鞍深度大于女性,蝶鞍长度及蝶鞍直径男女无统计学差异。而对照组男性与女性间蝶鞍的大小比较均无统计学差异。实验组鞍桥部分和完全钙化的发生率分别为41.75％和15.53％,但性别间比较差异无统计学意义;对照组鞍桥部分和完全钙化的发生率分别为8.73%和4.85％ 。实验组鞍桥发生率是对照组的8.52倍。结论:腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙患者的蝶鞍长度、直径均较对照组大,其鞍桥的发生率显著增加,但无性别差异。     

上颌埋伏尖牙非手术助萌的正畸治疗

[摘要] 目的 探讨上颌埋伏尖牙非手术助萌正畸治疗的适应证及其临床效果。方法 选取10～15岁上颌埋伏尖牙患者20例,应用螺旋CT三维重建技术对其进行诊断,明确埋伏尖牙颌骨内位置、方向及牙根发育情况,选取适合病例12例通过正畸手段为埋伏尖牙开辟间隙,等待其自行萌出;8例采用外科翻瓣导萌术牵引导萌。结果 12例非手术助萌患者,正畸拓展足够间隙后经3～10个月上颌埋伏尖牙均自行萌出至正常位置,牙周附着健康;8例外科手术导萌患者,上颌埋伏尖牙正畸牵引到位后均有不同程度的牙周附着丧失,影响龈缘美观。结论采用螺旋CT三维重建技术可以立体直观的提供埋伏尖牙的信息,为临床医师明确诊断及制定治疗方案提供依据,减少手术适应证,使用非手术助萌的方法可使上颌埋伏尖牙自行萌出,避免手术创伤痛苦,萌出后牙周附着好。     

上尖牙腭侧近中倾斜阻生的导萌技巧

埋伏阻生尖牙的冠易压迫侧切牙根并引起其吸收[1-2],矫治过程较为复杂.本文介绍矫治腭侧近中倾斜阻生尖牙(单侧或双侧)的导萌技巧.     

上颌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙 CBCT 导引下的牵引治疗

目的:探讨锥形束CT(CBCT)三维(3D)重建在上颌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙牵引治疗中的指导作用。方法:对22例上颌尖牙(共26颗)腭侧埋伏阻生的青少年患者行CBCT检查。CBCT三维重建观察尖牙形态、腭侧埋伏状况,测量分析与邻近组织的位置关系及相邻切牙牙根吸收情况。结果:CBCT能够真实再现颌骨内埋伏的上颌尖牙。埋伏尖牙均近中倾斜,与平面平均成角61.1°±18.1°,近中异位分别为Ⅰ类埋伏尖牙8颗、Ⅱ类5颗、Ⅲ类3颗、Ⅳ类10颗。3颗相邻侧切牙及2颗中切牙因严重牙根吸收而拔除;26颗上颌腭侧埋伏尖牙均成功牵引至平面排入牙弓并建立正常咬合。结论:CBCT能立体再现上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生特征及与邻近牙的关系等,对治疗方案的制定、开窗牵引具有指导作用,可提高疗效。     

上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生的锥形束CT定位诊断

目的应用锥形束CT（CBCT）探讨上颌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙的埋伏特征及邻牙牙根吸收情况。方法选取南京医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生的青少年患者22例,获取CBCT三维数据,应用Dolphin imaging 11.0软件,分析腭侧埋伏尖牙的埋伏状况、与邻牙位置关系并分类,观察邻牙牙根的吸收情况。结果上颌腭侧埋伏尖牙大多近中、腭向倾斜阻生,近中异位以Ⅰ类和Ⅳ类较为多见,分别占30.8%和38.5%;近中倾斜角度多在53.8°~68.5°,腭侧异位距正中矢状面多在5.4~8.4 mm。年龄越大,上颌腭侧埋伏尖牙近中腭向异位越远,近中倾斜角度越大。84.6%的相邻侧切牙及19.2%的中切牙牙根与埋伏尖牙接触;50%的相邻侧切牙及15.4%的邻中切牙牙根吸收,相邻侧切牙吸收多位于根尖1/3,而相邻中切牙吸收多位于根中1/3;相邻切牙牙根吸收概率与腭侧埋伏尖牙与切牙间的最小距离呈反比关系。结论CBCT能在三维方向诊断上颌尖牙埋伏状况及与邻近组织的关系,准确判断邻牙根吸收情况,准确测量埋伏尖牙倾斜度及埋伏深度,为上颌腭侧埋伏尖牙的治疗提供指导。     

正畸治疗诱导阻生上颌尖牙的自发萌出

目的 探讨阻生上颌尖牙正畸治疗诱导自发萌出的方法,总结合适的临床处理策略,为阻生尖牙的合理治疗提供依据.方法 选择13例恒牙列患者(男6例,女7例)的17颗阻生上颌尖牙,通过正畸治疗在相应牙弓位置为尖牙预留充足的间隙,待其自发萌出后直接粘结矫正装置排入牙列正常位置.结果 预留间隙2～24个月后阻生尖牙自发萌出,治疗后尖牙及邻牙牙周状况良好.结论 当阻生尖牙错位不严重,扩弓或减数拔牙即能为阻生尖牙提供足够萌出间隙,判断其能自行萌出时,可采取正畸诱导自萌的方法进行治疗.     

上颌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙的研究进展

上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生在临床上很常见,它会影响上颌牙列的功能和美观。为消除上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生对牙颌生长发育的不利影响,应对其进行早期诊断并选择正确的治疗方法。本文就上颌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙的发病率、病因、诊断、临床治疗方法以及预后等作一综述。     

Forced-eruption time for palatally impacted canines treated with and without ostectomy-decortication technique

Objectives:To compare forced-eruption times for palatally impacted canines treated with and without the ostectomy-decortication technique and to assess the influence of palatally impacted canine pretreatment position and angle on forced-eruption time.Materials and Methods:The sample was composed of 118 patient-subjects with 151 palatally impacted canines treated with the ostectomy-decortication technique (n = 72) and without (n = 79). The orthopantomogram radiographs (OPGs) were analyzed for palatally impacted canine angle and horizontal and vertical position. Recovery time was measured from the start of forced eruption until the canine was within ±1 mm of final dental arch position.Results:The time of forced canine eruption with ostectomy-decortication technique was significantly shorter than without (6.6 vs 21.0 months). Pretreatment canine position significantly increased forced-eruption time in the ostectomy-decortication group but not in the control sample.Conclusions:Forced-eruption time of palatally impacted canines using the ostectomy-decortication technique was 3.2 times more rapid than without. Forced-eruption time increased significantly as a function of pretreatment palatally impacted canine position severity in the ostectomy-decortication group but not in the control.     

曲面断层片诊断阻生上颌尖牙造成的切牙牙根吸收的有效性研究

目的：评价全口曲面断层片对上颌阻生尖牙造成的切牙牙根吸收诊断的有效性。方法：选取上颌尖牙阻生病例19例,拍摄全口曲面断层片及螺旋CT扫描,邀请10名口腔正畸学研究生通过曲面断层片判断阻生尖牙造成的切牙牙根吸收的数目和位置,以螺旋CT扫描结果为实际牙根吸收量,计算曲面断层片诊断的灵敏度和特异度。结果：曲面断层片对上颌尖牙阻生造成的切牙牙根吸收诊断的灵敏度为46.3%、特异度为86.5%。阴性诊断有一定的参考价值,阳性诊断因为缺少可靠的牙根吸收定性指标而准确性较低。结论：不能单独依靠曲面断层片做出是否存在切牙牙根吸收的诊断。     

Pre-treatment radiographic features for the periodontal prognosis of treated impacted canines

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic role of the pre-treatment radiographic features on the post-treatment periodontal status of intra-osseous impacted maxillary canines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study population of 168 patients (211 canines) was evaluated at the end of the overall surgical-orthodontic treatment consisting of a combined surgical (flap) and orthodontic (direct traction to the centre of the ridge) approach. The pre-treatment variables on the panoramic radiograph were alpha-angle, d-distance and s-sector while the post-treatment periodontal variables were pocket depth (PD) and keratinized tissue width (KT). Multilevel statistical analysis was used to evaluate the role of the pre-treatment radiographic factors on the post-treatment periodontal variables at patient, tooth and site levels. RESULTS: No significant differences in PD or KT were found at the end of surgical-orthodontic treatment with respect to age, gender, site of impaction or pre-treatment radiographic position of the impacted canine. The only statistically, but not clinically, significant difference (about 0.5 mm) was found for the KT that was greater for the palatally impacted canines than for the buccally impacted ones. CONCLUSIONS: alpha-angle, d-distance and s-sector measured on the pre-treatment panoramic radiographs did not represent prognostic indicators of final periodontal status of orthodontically re-positioned canines.     

Reducing the incidence of palatally impacted maxillary canines by extraction of deciduous canines: a useful preventive/interceptive orthodontic procedure. Case reports

The early detection of palatally impacted permanent maxillary canines is stressed. Appropriate radiographs to determine impactions are suggested and removal of deciduous canines to eliminate impactions in patients who have good dental arches with no space deficiency is recommended. Two case histories are presented to illustrate the method.     

上颌尖牙阻生的诊断和早期干预

上颌尖牙阻生是正畸医生经常碰到的问题之一,其处理方法通常包括外科开窗和较复杂的正畸治疗.上颌尖牙阻生可以通过观测X线片中尖牙近远中向位置的异常进行早期预测,早期的临床干预手段则包括拔除乳尖牙、拔除乳尖牙联合应用口外弓颈牵引、快速上颌扩弓,本文就这2方面内容作一综述.     

Permanent maxillary canines – review of eruption pattern and local etiological factors leading to impaction

The position of the permanent maxillary canine at the angle of the mouth is strategically significant in maintaining the harmony and symmetry of the occlusal relationship. However, the maxillary canine is the second most frequently impacted tooth, with prevalence reported to be between 1% and 2%. Moreover, treatment of this condition is often complex and involves substantial time and financial cost. Hence, it is only prudent to monitor the eruption and identify the etiological factors that lead to impaction of the maxillary canine. Numerous researchers have tried to identify specific and nonspecific etiological factors responsible for displacement of canines. The purpose of this review was to track the development processes of maxillary canines and determine the hindrances that affect the eruption at different ages. Awareness of the eruption process and etiology of noneruption will help to reduce the incidence of impacted canines by allowing for early recognition and interceptive treatment.