血清PCT、hs-CRP在成人脑膜炎诊断中的应用价值

目的检测成人化脓性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜炎及结核性脑膜炎患者血清降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,探讨其在脑膜炎鉴别诊断中的价值。方法收集该院神经内科脑膜炎患者141例(病脑组53例,结脑组51例,化脑组37例)为观察组,其他患者37例为对照组,比较各组血清PCT、hs-CRP水平及诊断价值。结果化脑组患者血清PCT、hs-CRP含量均明显高于病脑组、结脑组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);病脑组、结脑组与对照组患者血清PCT含量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。病脑组患者血清hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。经受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析,血清PCT诊断化脓性脑膜炎的临床价值高于hs-CRP,两者联合诊断成人化脓性脑膜炎时灵敏度可达93.4%。结论血清PCT、hs-CRP作为化脓性脑膜炎与其他类型脑膜炎早期鉴别诊断的指标,有较好的应用价值。     

PCT和hs-CRP水平联合检测在新生儿细菌性脑膜炎中的诊断价值

目的探究血清降钙素原(PCT)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平联合检测在新生儿细菌性脑膜炎诊断中的价值。方法选取经临床确诊的细菌性脑膜炎新生儿60例为观察组,选择同期临床确诊的病毒性脑膜炎新生儿56例为对照组。对照组行常规抗病毒治疗,观察组行常规抗感染治疗。比较两组治疗前后血清PCT和hs-CRP水平变化情况,两指标单独检测及联合检测对新生儿细菌性脑膜炎的诊断价值。结果治疗前,观察组血清PCT和hs-CRP水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,观察组血清PCT和hs-CRP水平均明显低于治疗前(P0.05);治疗后两组血清PCT和hs-CRP水平比较无明显差异(P0.05)。血清PCT和hs-CRP水平联合检测的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为96.67%、94.64%和95.69%,均明显高于单独检测任一项指标(P0.05)。结论血清PCT和hs-CRP检测在新生儿细菌性脑膜炎诊断中具有重要的价值,两者联合检测可提高诊断灵敏度、特异度和准确度。     

WBC、超敏CRP和PCT在儿童呼吸道感染中的诊断价值和应用

分析呼吸道感染疾病患儿白细胞计数(WBC)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及降钙素原(PCT)的变化及其临床意义。根据病原菌检测结果将接受治疗的128例呼吸道感染患儿划分为A组(细菌感染,41例)、B组(病毒感染,54例)及C组(支原体感染,33例),并选择46例同期健康体检儿童作为对照组,分别检测4组儿童的血WBC,hs-CRP和PCT水平,探究上述指标对呼吸道感染性疾病的诊断价值。A组WBC、hs-CRP及PCT水平均显著高于其他三组(P0.05),C组WBC、hs-CRP及PCT水平显著高于B组与对照组(P0.05),B组除hs-CRP水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)外,其他指标与对照组比较,无明显差异(P0.05);A组血WBC、hs-CRP、PCT单独及联合检测阳性率均显著高于B组与C组,C组WBC及联合检测阳性率显著高于B组,但B、C组hs-CRP、PCT单独检测阳性率比较无明显差异(P0.05)。血WBC、hs-CRP和PCT联合检测可提高儿童呼吸道感染的诊断阳性率,对于指导临床治疗及评估预后有显著作用,值得应用。     

脑脊液C反应蛋白和腺苷脱氨酶检测在小儿脑膜炎中的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨小儿脑脊液C反应蛋白和腺苷脱氨酶在结核性脑膜炎、化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎早期诊断中的临床意义。方法分别检测315例小儿脑膜炎患儿(包括结核性脑膜炎102例、化脓性脑膜炎108例、病毒性脑膜炎105例)及96例非脑膜炎外科手术患儿(对照组)脑脊液C反应蛋白和腺苷脱氨酶含量,并做比较。结果结核性脑膜炎组及化脓性脑膜炎组脑脊液C反应蛋白、腺苷脱氨酶含量明显高于对照组及病毒性脑膜炎组(P0.05),而病毒性脑膜炎组与对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。化脓性脑膜炎组脑脊液C反应蛋白含量明显高于结核性脑膜炎组(P0.05),而腺苷脱氨酶含量则低于结核性脑膜炎组(P0.05)。化脓性脑膜炎组脑脊液C反应蛋白均为阳性,阳性率为100%;结核性脑膜炎组有63例阳性,阳性率为61.76%;病毒性脑膜炎组均为阴性。结论脑脊液C反应蛋白和腺苷脱氨酶对细菌性脑膜炎(化脓性脑膜炎和结核性脑膜炎)与病毒性脑膜炎的鉴别诊断有重要的参考价值。腺苷脱氨酶可能是诊断结核性脑膜炎的良好指标。     

脑脊液及血清PCT、CD64、CRP在脑膜炎患儿中的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨脑脊液及血清降钙素原(PCT)、CD64、C反应蛋白(CRP)在脑膜炎患儿中的鉴别诊断价值。方法以该院收治的120例急性脑膜炎患儿为研究对象,患儿在入院24 h及治疗7 d后,均接受腰椎穿刺检查。比较细菌性脑膜炎患儿和病毒性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液和血清中PCT、CD64、CRP水平。结果依据脑脊液、血清检测结果,120例患儿中细菌性脑膜炎55例(细菌性脑膜炎组),病毒性脑膜炎65例(病毒性脑膜炎组);入院后24 h内,细菌性脑膜炎组患儿脑脊液、血清PCT、CD64及CRP水平均明显高于病毒性脑膜炎组(P<0.05);治疗7 d后,两组患儿PCT、CD64及CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脑脊液及血清PCT、CD64及CRP能够鉴别细菌性脑膜炎及病毒性脑膜炎,有助于指导临床合理用药及预后判断。     

降钙素原及CD64在小儿化脓性脑膜炎测定中的应用

目的分析脑脊液及血清降钙素原(PCT)、中性粒细胞CD64、C反应蛋白(CRP)在小儿不同病原体感染脑膜炎中的鉴别价值,并探讨3种检测方法对患儿治疗及预后监测的可行性。方法选择123例脑膜炎患儿,并根据鉴别诊断分为化脓性脑膜炎(化脑组)65例、病毒性脑膜炎(病脑组)58例,同时选取非中枢神经系统感染性患儿60例作为对照(对照组)。在患儿入院24h内及治疗一段时间后,抽取其静脉血及脑脊液进行血清PCT、CRP、中性粒细胞CD64测定,分析各组患儿对3项指标在急性期和恢复期的变化及阳性率。结果 3项检测结果在发病初期对化脑组及病脑组的比较均有明显的鉴别意义,各组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在各组急性期与恢复期的鉴别检测中,CRP在化脑组及病脑组鉴别差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而CD64对于检测化脑组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但对病脑组的表达水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;两组脑膜炎患儿的阳性率比较,PCT检测差异有统计学意义,而CRP则无显著差异。结论 PCT在治疗前观察及预后检测均有效,对鉴别小儿化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎有重要的参考价值,优于CRP的检测结果。CD64对小儿化脓性脑膜炎的检测有重要意义,可作为有效指标在临床中推广使用。     

血小板参数在成人重度原发免疫性血小板减少症诊断和疗效判断中的意义

目的 探讨血小板参数的检测在成人重度原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)诊断和疗效判断的临床意义。方法选取本院收治的34例原发重度ITP患者为观察组,另选取30例本院同期健康体检者为对照组。记录2组治疗前和观察组治疗3、7 d后血小板参数值。结果 治疗前,观察组血小板计数(PLT)、血小板比积(PCT)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),平均血小板体积(MPV)明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而血小板分布宽度(PDW)无明显差异(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,观察组治疗3 d后PLT、PCT、MPV均明显增加(P<0.05),治疗7 d后PLT、PCT、PDW均有显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 血小板参数对判断重度原发ITP患者病情进展和疗效均有重要临床意义。     

降钙素原检测在小儿中枢感染性疾病的应用价值

对2011年10月~2014年10月于我院住院的56例中枢感染患儿进行研究,采用免疫色谱法测定血清中的降钙素原,并与超敏C反应蛋白值进行对比。结果化脓性脑膜炎组PCT阳性31例(96.88%),病毒性脑炎组PCT阳性4例(16.67%),两者比较有显著差异(χ2=37.64,P<0.01),化脑组与对照组比较有显著差异(χ2=54.25,P<0.01),而病毒脑组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.57,P>0.05)。在化脑组PCT与hs-CRP阳性率无显著差异(χ2=1.50,P>0.05),而在病毒脑组hs-CRP阳性率高于PCT阳性率,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.75,P<0.01)。治疗后化脑组PCT、hs-CRP均显著下降,与治疗前比较有显著差异(t=37.96,21.79,P均<0.01),病毒脑组治疗前后PCT、CRP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。降钙素原对鉴别小儿化脓性脑膜炎及病毒性脑炎有重要价值,降钙素原的动态监测对于中枢感染性疾病的治疗及预后评估有很好的指导意义。     

血清降钙素原检测在儿童脑膜炎诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)在儿童脑膜炎鉴别诊断中的临床价值.方法 采用化学发光免疫分析法检测68例急性脑膜炎患儿血清PCT,对照组为健康体检儿童.根据临床表现和脑脊液检查结果 把脑膜炎患儿分为化脓性脑膜炎组(化脑组) 和病毒性脑膜炎组(毒脑组).结果 化脑组血清PCT为(10.71±16.89)μg/L,毒脑组血清PCT为(0.63±0.35)μg/L,对照组PCT为(0.33±0.11)μg/L.与毒脑组和对照组比较,化脑组PCT均有显著性差异(P<0.05);与对照组比较,毒脑组PCT无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 PCT可作为鉴别诊断儿童化脑与毒脑的一项重要参考指标.     

小儿中枢神经系统感染中C反应蛋白检测的临床价值体会

目的 研究小儿中枢神经系统感染诊断中C反应蛋白检测的价值。方法 选取2021年6月—2023年6月单县中心医院期间收治的50例中枢神经系统感染患儿为观察组,将同时间段50例体检健康儿童为对照组;观察组儿童根据不同疾病类型分为化脓性脑膜炎组（29例）和病毒性脑膜炎组（21例）,对3组儿童分别检测C反应蛋白,对比组间检验值的差异。结果 观察组血清C反应蛋白为（38.57±6.84）mg/L,脑脊液C反应蛋白为（26.44±4.54）mg/L,均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=36.150、34.858,P<0.05）。在急性期与恢复期,化脓性脑膜炎患儿C反应蛋白均高于病毒性脑膜炎组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 中枢神经系统感染患儿的C反应蛋白水平将明显升高,化脓性脑膜炎患儿的C反应蛋白在急性期和恢复期均高于病毒性脑膜炎患儿,可将C反应蛋白检测作为中枢神经系统感染患儿的首选筛查诊断方法。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.