T4期胸段食管鳞癌预后及疗效分析

目的:观察T4期胸段食管鳞癌探查术后的预后及挽救性放化疗的疗效.方法:搜集了2012年2月至2015年12月在我科治疗的31例T4期食管癌患者,12例接受了剖胸探查术(探查组),19例未行探查术(非探查组).非探查组均接受了同步放化疗或序贯放化疗,探查组有5例患者接受单纯放疗,另7例接受同步放化疗或序贯放化疗.放疗方式为调强放疗,照射剂量范围为36 ～ 64Gy,化疗方案以紫杉类联合铂类为主.结果:探查组患者客观缓解率为41.7％,中位生存期为8.0个月,1年生存率为16.7％,仅有1例患者生存时间超过2年,食管瘘发生率为66.7％.而非探查组患者客观缓解率为73.7％,中位生存期为19.0个月,1年生存率为63.2％,2年生存率为36.8％ (P =0.03).结论:胸段食管鳞癌探查术后即使接受挽救性放化疗,其预后仍较差,生存率明显低于单纯根治性放化疗,并且食管瘘发生率明显增加.     

无法手术切除的30例胸腺瘤行放疗或放疗联合化疗的疗效分析

目的:分析放疗或放疗联合化疗治疗无法手术切除胸腺瘤的疗效.方法:30例无法手术切除胸腺瘤患者分别接受单纯放疗、同期放化疗加后续巩固化疗及序贯放化疗3种治疗方案,分析治疗的近期疗效、患者的远期生存率及影响远期生存的因素.结果:治疗后,完全缓解4例(13.3%),部分缓解14例(46.7%),近期有效率为60.0%.全组患者中位生存期19.5个月,其中单纯放疗组为15个月,序贯放化疗组为21个月,同期放化疗加后续巩固化疗组为28个月.全组患者2年和5年生存率分别为59%和31%,其中同期放化疗加后续巩固化疗、序贯放化疗和单纯放疗组的5年生存率分别为88%、65%和19%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.018).结论:同期放化疗加后续巩固化疗是一种安全而有效地治疗无法手术切除胸腺瘤的方法,其近期缓解率和远期生存率均优于单纯放疗或序贯放化疗,可作为无法手术切除胸腺瘤的术前辅助疗法.     

肺类癌12例临床分析

为了探讨肺类癌的临床特点、诊疗方法与预后的影响因素,对12例肺类癌病例进行回顾性研究。12例患者中2例伴有类癌综合征,2例术前经纤支镜确诊。术式包括肺叶切除9例,开胸探查1例,全肺切除2例,无手术期死亡和并发症。全组5年生存率为72.65%,类癌5年生存率为84.23%,不典型类癌为66.68%。初步研究结果提示,肺类癌属低度恶性肿瘤;影像学及纤维支气管镜检查对诊断具有重要价值;光镜HE染色常可诊断,但嗜银染色及电镜确定特征性嗜银性神经内分泌颗粒是确诊的可靠标准;治疗应以保守性外科手术切除为主,尽量保留肺功能为手术原则;手术切除后预后良好,远期疗效明显优于肺癌。     

肺外神经内分泌癌的诊断与治疗(附36例报告)

目的:探讨肺外神经内分泌癌临床病理、诊治及预后.方法:1997年1月-2007年7月间本院收治并随访神经内分泌癌36例,男性26例,女性10例,年龄27岁-81岁,平均为53岁,病例来源于多器官,肺部除外,分为消化系统组及非消化系统组.结果:采用手术、化放疗综合治疗为主,目前存活病人11例,最长为3年半,死亡病人生存1年以内者15例,1年-2年者6例,2年以上者4例,均未超过5年.总体1年、2年生存率分别为44%、25%.结论:神经内分泌癌病理分为典型类癌、不典型类癌及小细胞癌,确诊需行免疫组化或电镜检查,治疗应采用综合治疗为主,不同病理类型预后不同,但发现时已伴有转移,故生存时间较短.     

侵袭性胸腺瘤术后三维适形放疗预后分析

目的 不同临床分期及手术方式对胸腺瘤术后放疗长期生存的影响报道较少.本研究分析不同的Masaoka临床分期(Ⅱ～Ⅳ期)及手术方式(完整切除R0与不完整切除R1、R2)对胸腺瘤患者术后行三维适形放疗长期生存的影响及预后因素.方法 回顾性分析中国人民解放军第三O九医院2008-10-01-2014-05-31收治的52例侵袭性胸腺瘤术后行三维适形放疗患者临床资料,52例患者中36例接受联合化疗,其中同步放化疗14例,序贯放化疗22例.放疗采用三维适形或调强,R0切除患者计划靶区(planning target volume,PTV)剂量50 Gy/25次,R1、R2切除患者PTV剂量60 Gy/30次,对已明确转移者,应先给予全纵隔放疗,后局部瘤床加量.化疗采用CAP方案(顺铂60 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1;30 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d2;吡柔比星70 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1;环磷酰胺800 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1,21d为1个周期).采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并以Log-rank法检验和单因素分析,独立预后因素采用Cox多因素分析进行评估.结果 52例胸腺瘤患者中伴重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)的患者27例.随访时间17～83个月,中位生存时间为56个月,3年生存率为100.0％(52/52).单因素分析结果显示,男性与女性患者的5年生存率分别为67.6％和73.3％,x2=1.208,P=0.272;手术方式完整切除与不完整手术切除的5年生存率分别为86.1％和62.5％,x2=4.628,P=0.031;伴或不伴重症肌无力患者的5年生存率分别为74.1％和72.0％,x2 =3.460,P=0.063;Masaoka临床分期Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ期5年生存率分别为100.0％、81.o％和64.7％,x2=6.986,P=0.030;WHO病理分型AB、B1、B2和B3型5年生存率分别为100.0％、87.5％、82.4％和81.8％,x2=0.615,P=0.433.手术方式和Masaoka临床分期与预后相关.多因素分析结果显示,手术方式和Masaoka临床分期为侵袭性胸腺瘤独立预后因素.结论 完整手术切除是侵袭性胸腺瘤患者术后放射治疗预后的有益因素,Ⅱ期患者生存情况较好,分期越晚预后越差.     

肺类癌12例临床分析

为了探讨肺类癌的临床特点、诊疗方法与预后的影响因素，对12例肺类癌病例进行回顾性研究。12例惠者中2例伴有类癌综合征，2例术前经纤支镜确诊。术式包括肺叶切除9例，开胸探查1例,全肺切除2例，无手术期死亡和并发症。全组5年生存率为72．65％．类癌5年生存率为84．23％，不典型类癌为66．68％。初步研究结果提示，肺类癌属低度恶性肿瘤；影像学及纤维支气管镜检查对诊断具有重要价值；光镜HE染色常可诊断，但嗜银染色及电镜确定特征性嗜银性神经内分泌颗粒是确诊的可靠标准；治疗应以保守性外科手术切除为主，尽量保留肺功能为手术原则；手术切除后预后良好，远期疗效明显优于肺癌。     

胸腺类癌的外科治疗

目的总结胸腺类癌的外科治疗经验,探讨病理特点及与外科治疗的关系.方法近20年来收治的7例患者,男6例,女1例,年龄最大73岁,最小41岁.1例为胸腺类癌广泛转移,未予手术,1例行活检术,余5例均行根治术.2例术后放疗.病理诊断为胸腺类癌.结果未手术及仅行活检术的2例患者分别于术后1年、3年内死亡,余4例患者至今仍存活,最长达4年.随访未见复发.结论胸腺类癌是一罕见的胸腺肿瘤,确诊依赖肿瘤组织的电镜及免疫组化检查,治疗上一经发现,应尽早行根治手术,并在术后行放疗.     

肾上腺皮质癌诊断和治疗的临床观察

目的:探讨肾上腺皮质癌的诊断和治疗,进一步提高肾上腺皮质癌的诊治水平.方法:对7例手术切除并有明确病理诊断的肾上腺皮质癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:7例均为无功能性肿瘤,手术完整切除6例,姑息性切除1例.肿瘤分期:Ⅰ期1例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期3例.随访14～62个月,平均生存48个月;其中1例Ⅰ期患者肿瘤完整切除,随访至5年仍生存.3例Ⅱ期患者肿瘤完整切除生存2～5年.1例Ⅲ期患者于术后1年局部复发而再次手术切除病灶,至今仍然生存.1例Ⅲ期姑息性切除者术后仅生存6个月.结论:肾上腺皮质癌发病率少而恶性程度高;早期诊断、早期彻底手术是目前最有效的治疗方法.对于局部复发的患者,再次彻底的手术切除可以改善预后.     

胆囊癌的临床治疗分析

目的　探讨胆囊癌的临床治疗方法及其预后。方法　回顾性分析 161例胆囊癌的临床资料 ,其中单纯胆囊切除 48例 ,根治性胆囊癌切除 41例 ,胆囊癌扩大切除 2 0例 ,胆囊加胰十二指肠切除 3例 ,单纯探查术 7例 ,介入及放化疗 42例。随访 6个月至 5年。结果　行探查术患者 1年内全部死亡 ,单纯胆囊切除和根治性胆囊癌切除患者的 5年生存率分别为 69%、5 9% ,放疗和介入治疗患者的 5年生存率为 0。结论　胆囊癌早期发现 ,并行根治性切除 ,可显著提高 5年生存率     

联合治疗原发性卵巢小细胞癌的预后分析

目的 探讨原发性卵巢小细胞癌的治疗方法.方法 5例原发性卵巢小细胞癌患者的临床资料.5例患者均采用手术切除、肿瘤细胞减灭术和术后不同的化疗方案治疗.结果 5例预后均很差.4例在2年内死亡,仅有1例生存27个月.结论 原发性卵巢小细胞癌是少见的妇科恶性肿瘤.恶性程度高,进展快,预后差,多在发病后1～2年内死亡.手术、联合化疗和放疗同时应用目前仍是原发性卵巢小细胞癌主要的治疗手段.     

Primary Pleuropulmonary Neoplasms in Childhood: Fourteen Cases from a Single Center

Background: We aimed to review clinical characteristics, treatment results and outcome of pediatric patientswith primary pleuropulmonary neoplasms. Methods: Medical records of 14 cases diagnosed between 1972-2009were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The male/female ratio was 5/9 and the mean age at diagnosis was 9.1years (2-16). All but one were symptomatic, presenting with fever, coughing, dyspnea, or weight loss. One patientpresented with hemoptysis, and another with digital clubbing. One mesothelioma was diagnosed incidentally.Some 8/14 patients were initially diagnosed as having pneumonia (median delay in diagnosis of 2.5 months).Diagnoses included pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB, n=5), inflammatory pseudotumor (n=3), mesothelioma(n=2), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC, n=2), and carcinoid tumor (n=2). Patients with PPB underwent surgeryand received chemotherapy ± radiotherapy. Two carcinoid tumor cases underwent surgery, one further receivedchemotherapy. Patients with mesothelioma were treated with chemotherapy. Inflammatory pseudotumors wereall resected. Two cases with MEC received chemotherapy, one after surgery. 2/5 PPB patients survived withoutrecurrence, 3 died; all carcinoid tumors and inflammatory pseudotumors were alive; 1/2 MEC patients wasalive after 252 months, the other one was lost without disease; 1/2 mesothelioma patients was alive withoutdisease, the other was died. For all cases, median follow-up was 30.5 months (0.6-252). Conclusions: Primarypleuropulmonary tumors are rare but clinical presentation can be varied and delay in diagnosis is common.Children with persistent coughs, recurrent pneumonia or hemoptysis should be considered as indicators forearly diagnosis, very important because the prognosis of these tumors varies with histology and stage.     

10例头颈部髓外浆细胞瘤的临床分析及文献复习

背景与目的:髓外浆细胞瘤(extramedullary plasmacytoma,EMP)为一种罕见肿瘤,主要发生在头颈部,约80%的EMP发生于上呼吸道及上消化道。在临床表现和病理学上,该肿瘤极易与头颈部常见的一些肿瘤相混淆。本研究通过回顾性分析,探讨头颈部髓外浆细胞瘤的临床特点及其诊断及治疗。方法:回顾分析我院1977年1月～2003年12月期间收治的10例头颈部髓外浆细胞瘤患者的资料,全组10例患者中,单纯手术治疗2例、手术加辅助放疗2例、根治性放疗5例(其中1例于放疗后行辅助化疗),1例未治疗。结果:临床表现主要表现为局部肿物及其引起的相应症状。本组患者所有病例均经病理学诊断为浆细胞瘤,3例行免疫组化检测IgG,1例为λ型,2例为κ型。6例检测过尿本周蛋白均为阴性;4例检测过M蛋白,均为阴性;4例骨髓穿刺均未见异常;4例全身骨X线检查均正常。末次随访2004年5月,随访率90%,6例无瘤生存的患者中有5例无瘤生存时间超过1年(其中3例超过15年);死亡3例;失访1例。结论:EMP的诊断主要依靠临床表现和病理;放疗和手术是治疗头颈部髓外浆细胞瘤的主要手段。     

卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤12例临床分析

目的探讨卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤的临床特点、治疗及预后因素。方法对我院１９８３年～１９９７年收治的１２例卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按ＦＩＧＯ分期（１９８５年）,Ⅱ期４例,Ⅲ期６例,Ⅳ期１例,不详１例。组织学分类：同源性８例,异源性４例。１２例均接受肿瘤细胞减灭术。术后辅助化疗１１例,其中３例又追加盆腔放疗。结果全组平均生存２４个月,２,５年生存率分别为３３．３％（４／１２）和８．３％（１／１２）。Ⅱ和Ⅲ期生存２年以上者均为２例,Ⅳ期１例在１年内死亡。同源性８例中,４例生存２年以上,异源性４例均在２年内死亡。综合治疗１１例中,５例在１年内死亡。单纯手术１例在６个月内死亡。结论卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤恶性度高,预后差。其组织学类型、分期及治疗方法与预后有关,应采用手术与化疗和（或）放疗的综合治疗     

子宫颈肉瘤21例临床分析

目的分析子宫颈肉瘤患者的临床特点及不同治疗方式、不同病理类型患者的生存情况。方法回顾性分析21例肉瘤患者的临床资料。结果21例患者中癌肉瘤（恶性中胚叶混合瘤）9例，胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤（葡萄状肉瘤）6例，平滑肌肉瘤5例，内膜间质肉瘤1例。21例患者的中位年龄43岁，其中癌肉瘤患者的中位年龄47岁（19～69岁），平滑肌肉瘤患者的中位年龄43岁（34～47岁），胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤患者的中位年龄21岁（20～37岁）。21例患者均有阴道出血症状及宫颈肿瘤。6例胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤的患者均有质脆的葡萄状肿物填满整个阴道并有肿块脱出。4例患者仅行单纯放疗，17例患者均采用联合治疗。本组有6例患者肿瘤复发，复发率为28．5％（6／21）。中位复发时间为29个月（10～194个月）。6例患者在1年内死亡，2例生存已超过10年。寿命表法计算21例患者的生存概率为：1年70.0％，3年36．9％，5年22．1％。4例单纯放疗患者分别于治疗后3．6、32、36个月死亡；2例放疗加化疗的患者分别于治疗后4、10个月死亡；15例手术联合放疗和／或化疗的患者，4例分别于治疗后2、4、5、24个月死亡，儿例患者随访中，其中8例生存已超过2年，5例已超过3年，3例已超过5年，其中2例长期生存已超过10年。5例平滑肌肉瘤患者，1例治疗后6个月死亡，4例生存已超过32个月，最长1例已生存了318个月；6例胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤患者，2例于治疗后2、4个月死亡，3例生存超过28个月，2例已超过5年，最长生存156个且无肿瘤复发；9例癌肉瘤患者，6例分别于治疗后3、4、5、24、32、36个月死亡，1例生存超过48个月，另2例分别在治疗后18、37个月失访；1例内膜间质肉瘤治疗后6个月死亡。结论子宫颈肉瘤以手术联合化疗和或放疗为宜，胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤患者的预后较好，而癌肉瘤患者的预后差。     

31例原发性肺类癌的诊治及预后分析

  目的   探讨原发性肺类癌的临床病理特征、CT表现、治疗方法及预后。   方法   回顾性分析31例原发性肺类癌患者的诊治过程,并对预后行单因素和多因素分析。   结果   临床表现:咳嗽、咳痰17例,咯血或痰中带血7例,胸痛、胸闷气短8例,无症状6例。CT表现:圆形或类圆形结节影,界限多清楚,增强可见轻度均匀强化。免疫组织化学检测提示:Syn、CgA、NSE阳性表达率分别为90.3%（28/31）、87.1%（27/31）、90.3%（28/31）。治疗及预后:28例行手术治疗（3例行术后辅助治疗）;2例行化疗,1例拒绝治疗。典型和不典型类癌的总体1年生存率分别为100%（18/18）、92.3%（12/13）,3年生存率为94.4%（17/18）、69.2%（9/13）。单因素分析示淋巴结转移（P=0.02）、组织类型（P=0.017）、TNM分期（P=0.005）和治疗方法是影响预后的因素（P=0.01）。多因素分析示淋巴结转移（P=0.032）、组织类型（P=0.002）是影响预后的因素。   结论   原发性肺类癌的临床及影像表现缺乏特异性,其诊断主要依靠组织病理。手术是其主要且有效的治疗途径,放化疗效果不佳;总体预后较好,但不典型类癌次于典型类癌,病理类型和淋巴结转移情况是影响预后的重要因素。      

Treatment and prognosis of patients with intracranial nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors: a multiinstitutional retrospective analysis of 41 patients

BACKGROUND: The relative roles of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in the management of patients with intracranial nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors have been controversial. The authors retrospectively investigated the results of different treatment regimens in patients with these tumors. METHODS: The records of 41 patients who were treated between 1981 and 2001 were reviewed. They were grouped into patients with a good prognosis (n=3), an intermediate prognosis (n=24), and a poor prognosis (n=14) based on the histology of their tumors. Fifteen patients (37%) underwent surgical resection and received radiotherapy, and 26 patients (63%) also received chemotherapy. The median follow-up of 18 patients who remained alive was 61 months (range, 14-194 months). RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial overall survival rates for patients in the good prognosis, intermediate prognosis, and poor prognosis groups were 100%, 68%, and 8%, respectively. In the analysis, histology alone had a statistically significant impact on overall survival (P<0.0001). All 3 patients in the good prognosis group were treated successfully with surgical resection and radiotherapy. In the intermediate prognosis group, the 5-year actuarial overall survival rate was 44% for patients who underwent surgical resection and received radiotherapy (n=9) and 84% for patients who also received chemotherapy (n=15; P=0.01). Patients in the poor prognosis group who underwent surgical resection and received radiotherapy (n=3) or who underwent incomplete resection and received both radiotherapy and chemotherapy (n=8) all died of disease, whereas 2 of 3 patients who underwent macroscopic total resection and received both radiotherapy and chemotherapy survived free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of patients with intracranial nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors should be based on tumor histology. For patients who had a good prognosis (mature teratoma with germinoma), surgical resection and radiotherapy were sufficient; however, for patients in the intermediate prognosis group, multimodal treatment, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, was effective. Conversely, for patients in the poor prognosis group, more intensive multimodal treatment, including macroscopic total resection, may improve the survival rate.     

胃大部分切除术后残胃癌26例临床诊治分析

目的:探讨残胃癌的早期诊断方法和外科治疗,观察不同手术方式对预后的影响.方法:对26例残胃癌的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析,比较胃镜和钡餐对残胃癌的诊断价值.结果:胃镜对残胃癌的诊断率为80.8%,钡餐为50.0%.手术切除的20例中根治性残胃切除13例均生存≥3年;姑息性切除7例,术后生存2年5例,1.5年2例.行胃空肠吻合4例中3例于6个月内死亡,1例生存10个月.2例腹腔内广泛转移者仅行肿块活检术.结论:胃镜对残胃癌的诊断价值优于钡餐.早期诊断并行根治性残胃切除患者预后较好.     

肝外胆管癌的放射治疗：附12例分析

During the past 8 years, 12 patients with extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma which was contra-indicated to operation or who underwent conservative resection wer treated by radiotherapy in our hospital. Five patients were given post-operative radiation of 60-70 Gy/7-9 weeks, 3 patients received 12 Mev beta beam of one single 30 Gy intra-operative radiotherapy and 4 were treated by intra-operative radiotherapy of 20 Gy plus external irradiation of 40 Gy/5 weeks after the operation. The results indicated that most of the patients died around 1 year and 2 are still alive for over 2 years. The present results are more favorable as compared with those treated before 1980 because biliary drainage had been done before timely high dose radiotherapy after the operation. The author considers that intra-operative radiotherapy or its combination with external irradiation might be helpful to improve the prognosis in extrahepatic bile duct cancer.     

Clinical Analysis of 45 Patients with Thymic Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the prognostic factors for advanced thymic carcinoma.METHODS The data from 45 patients with advanced thymic carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed according to Masaoka stage criteria. There were 29 Stage Ⅲ patients and 16 Stage Ⅳ patients (13 Stage IVA patients and 3 Stage IVB patients).According to the World Heath Organization Histological Criteria (2004), 25 cases were identified as low-grade and 20 cases were identified as high-grade. All diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy. Five patients underwent gross total resection, 21patients underwent subtotal resection and 19 patients underwent biopsy alone. Forty-two patients received radiotherapy with a median dose of 60 Gy, and 37 patients underwent conventional radiotherapy, including local irradiation and expanded irradiation.Local irradiation volume covered the primary tumor bed and approximately 1-2 cm2 surrounding the tumor (according to preoperative imaging). Expanded irradiation volume covered the full mediastinal and pericardium areas (with or without prophylactic irradiation in the supraclavicular area). Five cases received stereotactic radiotherapy. Thirty-one patients were also treated with chemotherapeutics, including Cisplatin, VP-16,Endoxan, 5-FU and taxol.RESULTS The median follow-up period was 59 months. The overall 3-year survival rate was 57.8%, and the median survival was 45 months. Univariate statistical analysis showed that the histological subtype and Masaoka stage were prognostic factors.The 3-year survival rate was 61.9% in patients treated with gross total resection and 55.0% in those who underwent biopsy only. The 3-year survival rate was 59.5% in patients treated with conventional radiotherapy and 80% in those treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. The 3-year survival rate was 64.5% in patients treated with simultaneous chemotherapy and 42.9%in patients treated without simultaneous chemotherapy (P >0.05). Chemotherapy in combination with radiation treatment and surgery achieved better outcomes for Stage Ⅳ patients than radiation treatment and surgery without chemotherapy (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with Stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ thymic carcinoma, complete resection and postoperative radiotherapy or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy constitute the best treatment solution. Chemotherapy can also be used in combination to improve prognosis. For patients with Stage Ⅳ thymic carcinoma,chemotherapy is necessary.