3D-SPGR在小听神经瘤诊断中的应用

CT对于较小的听神经瘤常难以发现,MR I在听神经瘤诊断上较CT优越、准确,特别是小听神经瘤的诊断,MR I为首选的检查方法[1]。临床实践表明,由于常规SE序列空间分辨率方面的限制,在微小听神经瘤的诊断方面也有其局限性。笔者通过对8例小听神经瘤行3D-SPGR序列扫描,并与常规自旋回波T1W I对比分析,试图评价该序列在小听神经瘤诊断中的应用价值。1材料与方法1.1一般资料对有耳鸣、听力下降症状,临床怀疑听神经瘤的256例患者行MR I检查,共发现8例小听神经瘤,后经手术和病理证实。1.2成像方法采用GE 0.5T磁共振机,头部正交线圈,所有病…     

CT和MRI图像融合在颅内病变X刀治疗中的应用(附25例报告)

目的　探讨CT和MRI图像融合技术在颅内病变X刀治疗中的应用及其临床价值。方法　 2 5例病变中包括动静脉畸形 5例、海绵状血管瘤 4例、大脑半球胶质瘤术后残留或复发 3例、听神经瘤术后残留 3例、转移瘤 2例、垂体微腺瘤 2例、垂体腺瘤术后残留 2例、颅咽管瘤术后残留 1例、垂体柄肿瘤病变 1例、间脑胶质瘤 1例和中脑披盖肿瘤病变 1例。图像融合前均行颅脑MRI薄层扫描及常规X刀术前CT定位扫描 ,然后将CT和MRI图像资料传输至工作站上进行图像配准和融合。结果　所有病变在融合图像上均能显示清楚 ,2例转移瘤在融合图上显示出更多的病灶。所有融合图像上的软组织结构、颅骨结构及病灶轮廓均重叠一致 ,最大误差均 <1mm。结论　CT和MRI图像融合技术在X刀治疗中的应用 ,确保了CT定位的精确性 ,避免了病变的遗漏 ,必然会提高颅内病变定向放射治疗的效果 ,并明显降低了并发症的发生率     

听神经瘤CT和MRI诊断的对比研究

目的：对比研究MRI与CT对听神经瘤的诊断价值。材料和方法：就50例手术病理证实听神经瘤患者的术前MRI及CT检查资料，对比观察肿瘤结构(囊变，出血，钙化，肿瘤血管、包膜…)及周围解剖改变（内听道扩大，三叉神经受压、脑干受压移位，四脑室变形…)在两法中的不同显示率及比较两法对病灶定位和定性诊断的不同准确率．结果：CT对听神经瘤诊断的敏感性(检出率)为88%，定位、定性诊断准确率均为68%．MRI则分别为96%．94%、94%．在定位和定性诊断中，MRI较CT为好。对病变周围结构改变的观察以及微小听神经瘤的显示，MRI优点更为明显．结论：分析了MRI和CT漏、误诊的原因后，认为MRI应作为听神经瘤的首选检查方法．     

听神经瘤的MRI征象分析

目的 探讨MRI在听神经瘤诊断中的价值.方法 51例经手术及病理证实的听神经瘤均行MR平扫及Gd - DTPA 增强扫描.分析其MR表现.结果 51例听神经瘤发生于桥小脑角区者43例,内听道内8例,均为单侧发病.肿瘤呈囊实性者31例,实性13例,囊性7例.增强扫描51例肿瘤均有明显强化.结论 MRI对听神经瘤特别是微小听神经瘤的诊断具有重要价值.     

CT与MR图像融合技术在颅脑肿瘤诊断的应用

目的探讨CT与MR图像融合技术在颅脑肿瘤诊断中的临床应用价值.资料与方法 26例颅脑肿瘤患者均在1～2周内分别进行CT和MRI扫描.全部CT和MR图像传送至Siemens 3D Virtuoso图像后处理工作站,并应用其中的Registration软件包进行融合.由2位有经验的放射科医师对CT、MR和融合图像进行评价分析.结果经Kappa检验,2位医师的CT、MR和融合图像诊断一致性均较好(Kappa值＞0.75).经χ2检验,融合图像对颅脑肿瘤的显示均明显优于单独CT或MR图像(P＜0.01).结论图像融合技术可以为临床医师提供诊断信息量更丰富、可视化程度更高的图像,从而有利于患者的进一步诊治.     

听神经瘤CT、MRI诊断比较

目的：比较听神经瘤的CT、MRI诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析26例经手术和病理证实的听神经瘤的CT、MRI表现。结果：听神经瘤的MRI表现为桥小脑角区圆形或类圆形肿块,于T1WI呈低信号或等信号,T2WI呈高信号或混杂信号;增强扫描显示病灶实质部分及增粗的听神经明显强化,呈“苹果柄”样改变。CT表现为桥小脑角部低密度或等密度病灶,薄扫可见同侧内听道口扩大。结论：CT能直观地显示内听道口的扩大,但常规扫描易漏诊。／MRI多层面成像及无骨伪影的优点,对显示听神经瘤瘤体及病侧听神经增粗很有价值,增强后的“苹果柄”样改变是听神经瘤特征性的表现。     

骨样骨瘤的影像学表现及诊断价值分析

目的:分析骨样骨瘤的X线、CT、MRI及SPECT-CT融合图像的表现,总结其影像学特征。方法:对我院经手术或穿刺病理证实的28例骨样骨瘤的影像学表现进行回顾性分析。25例行X线检查,20例行CT检查,7例行MRI检查,9例行SPECT-CT图像融合。结果:28例均出现大小不一的圆形或椭圆形瘤巢,直径为2.3~19.5mm,瘤巢周围伴有不同程度的骨质硬化。X线对瘤巢显示率为48%(12/25),4例瘤巢中心出现钙化;CT对瘤巢显示率为95%(19/20),出现钙化者16例,2例显示"血管沟征";SPECT-CT融合图像,9例瘤巢均有显像剂团状异常浓聚,呈"太阳征";MRI对瘤巢显示率为57%(4/7),7例均显示不同程度骨髓水肿。结论:瘤巢是确诊骨样骨瘤的关键,CT是发现瘤巢的较好方法,SPECT有利于发现隐匿性病变,SPECT-CT融合图像可以明确病变及其累及的范围。     

后颅窝肿瘤的影像诊断和鉴别诊断

目的：总结分析38例后颅窝肿瘤的CT或MRI特征,提高对后颅窝肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断水平。方法：38例肿瘤中34例经手术病理证实,4例经临床影像诊断。所有患者均行CT平扫和增强扫描,其中8例行MR检查。结果：听神经瘤9例,脑膜瘤5例,Ⅰ级星形细胞瘤2例,Ⅱ－Ⅲ级星形细胞瘤4例,少枝胶质细胞瘤1例,血管母细胞瘤3例,室管膜瘤、髓母细胞瘤、三叉神经瘤、单发脑转移瘤各2例,胆脂瘤及蛛网膜囊肿各1例,以上均为手术病理证实;经临床影像诊断转移瘤4例。结论：后颅窝瘤有其好发部位,CT和MRI可清晰显示后颅窝肿瘤的不同特点。     

MRI靶区定位在不张型肺癌125I粒子植入治疗中的应用

目的 探讨中央型肺癌伴阻塞性肺不张125I粒子植入治疗中MRI对肿瘤靶区的定位价值.方法 选取34例CT平扫无法区分出肺不张中瘤体的中央型肺癌患者,行胸部MRI检查.将MRI上可以清晰显示中央型肺癌瘤体与不张肺组织界限的MR图像与其对应的CT图像分别输入TPS系统,进行术前粒子植入区体积及放射剂量学估算,比较二者差异.本组数据采用t检验,P<0.05确定为差异有显著意义.结果 34例中,有29例(85.3%)MRI可以区分瘤体与不张的界限,3例MRI界限模糊,2例MRI无法区分界限.29例中MRI勾画的肿瘤靶区总面积较CT靶区缩小15.53%,节省粒子14.81%(P<0.05).结论 中央型肺癌伴阻塞性肺不张125I粒子植入治疗中MRI对肿瘤靶区的定位具有重要价值,有效地保证了125I放射性粒子植入治疗肺癌的疗效和辐射安全性.     

颈静脉孔区肿瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的：探讨CT和MRI对颈静脉孔区肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析了经手术病理证实的34例颈静脉孔区肿瘤的CT和MR影像资料,其中包括颈静脉球瘤12例,神经鞘瘤10例,转移瘤3例,脑膜瘤2例,神经纤维瘤、脊索瘤、软骨瘤、软骨肉瘤、纤维脂肪瘤、纤维血管瘤和先天性囊肿各1例。CT检查21例,其中15例作增强扫描。MRI检查31例,其中24例加作MR增强扫描。结果：肿瘤内纡曲流空的血管即“椒-盐”征是颈静脉球瘤的特征性MRI表现。神经鞘瘤易发生囊变,注射对比剂后肿瘤中度强化。转移瘤骨质破坏不规则。脑膜瘤增强扫描可见脑膜“尾巴”征。软骨瘤和软骨肉瘤可见明显钙化。结论：CT与MRI相结合能更全面地为临床提供诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗所需要的信息,为治疗方法的选择提供可靠的依据。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.