共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2.
Clairelyne Dupin Sylvain Marchand-Adam Olivier Favelle Romain Costes Philippe Gatault Philippe Diot Leslie Grammatico-Guillon Laurent Guilleminault 《Journal of clinical immunology》2016,36(8):810-817
Purpose
Little is known about hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) in asthma patients. No data are available on the characteristics of adult patients with asthma and HGG.Methods
We conducted a retrospective monocentric study between January 2006 and December 2012. Asthma patients with a serum immunoglobulin (Ig) quantitative analysis were included and classified into two groups depending on their serum IgG concentration: presence or absence of HGG. Clinical, biological, functional, and radiologic characteristics were compared in univariate and multivariate analysis, using a logistic regression model.Results
In univariate analysis, asthma patients with HGG (n?=?25) were older (58 years old?±?18 vs 49?±?18, p?=?0.04) and more frequently active or former smokers as compared to patients with normoglobulinemia (n?=?80) (56.0 vs 35.0 %, p?=?0.01). Total IgE?<?30 kUI/L was more frequently observed in patients with HGG (53.0 vs 18.3 %, p?=?0.01). HGG asthma patients had lower fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (p?=?0.02), blood eosinophilia (p?=?0.0009), and presented with more severe composite score for bronchiectasis (p?=?0.01). In multivariate analysis, asthma patients with HGG had increased risk of being smokers [OR?=?6.11 (IC 95 %?=?1.16–32.04)], having total IgE concentration?<?30 kUI/L [OR?=?12.87 (IC 95 %?=?2.30–72.15)], and a more severe composite score of bronchiectasis [OR?=?20.65 (IC 95 %?=?2.13–199.74)].Conclusion
Asthma patients with HGG are older and more often tobacco smoker than asthma patients without HGG. These patients have low type-2 inflammation markers.3.
Connor Stevenson Di Jiang Niccolette Schaefer Yoko Ito Reena Berman Amelia Sanchez Hong Wei Chu 《Inflammation research》2017,66(8):691-700
Objective
To evaluate the effects of MUC18 on IL-13-mediated airway inflammatory responses in human airway epithelial cells and in mice.Materials
Primary normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells, wild-type (WT) and Muc18 knockout (KO) mice, and mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) were utilized.Treatment
Cultured HTBE cells treated with MUC18 siRNA or MUC18 expressing lentivirus were incubated with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. Mice were intranasally instilled with 500 ng of IL-13 for 3 days. mTECs were treated with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) for 3 days.Methods
PCR was used to measure mRNA expression. Western Blot and ELISAs were used to quantify protein expression. Cytospins of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were used to obtain leukocyte differentials.Results
MUC18 siRNA reduced IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3 (183 ± 44 vs. 380 ± 59 pg/mL, p < 0.05), while MUC18 overexpression increased IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3 (95 ± 3 vs. 58 ± 3 pg/mL, p < 0.05) in HTBE cells. IL-13-treated Muc18 KO mice had a lower percentage of neutrophils in BAL than WT mice (25 ± 3 vs. 35 ± 3%, p = 0.0565).Conclusions
These results implicate MUC18 as a potential enhancer of airway inflammation in a type 2 cytokine (e.g., IL-13) milieu.4.
P. Plans C. Muñoz-Almagro P. Godoy M. Jané G. Carmona 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2016,35(2):285-292
Purpose
To assess the clinical characteristics and direct health costs associated with pertussis cases reported to and confirmed by epidemiological services and cases detected among household contacts in Catalonia (Spain) in 2012–2013.Methods
All pertussis cases confirmed by the epidemiological services (n?=?641) and all cases detected among the household contacts (n?= 422) were included in the study. The chi-square test and odds ratios were used to compare percentages and the t-test was used to compare mean pertussis costs, with p?<?0.05 being considered statistically significant.Results
Cases reported to epidemiological services had a higher percentage of hospitalizations (OR?=?32.2, p?<?0.001) and severe disease (OR?=?27.7, p?<?0.001) than cases detected among the household contacts. The total health costs associated with pertussis cases were €871,648, €799,704 (92 %) for cases reported to epidemiological services and €71,944 (8 %) for cases detected among the household contacts. Total treatment, detection, and quimiprophylaxis costs were € 809,702, € 44,312, and € 17,635, representing 92.5 %, 5.5 %, and 2 % of total pertussis costs respectively. The mean costs were significantly higher (p?<?0.001) in cases reported to epidemiological services than in cases detected among the household contacts, for all cases (€1248 vs €170), and for severe (€4546 vs €1073), moderate (€204 vs €165), and mild (€153 vs €133) disease.Conclusions
The burden of pertussis in Catalonia was high in terms of health costs, especially in infants aged less than 1 year. Active epidemiological surveillance activities could prevent pertussis transmisison and reduce pertussis costs.5.
Su Min Ha Joo Hee Cha Hee Jung Shin Eun Young Chae Woo Jung Choi Hak Hee Kim Ha-Yeon Oh 《BMC medical imaging》2018,18(1):39
Background
We investigated the radiologic and clinical findings of radial scar and complex sclerosing lesions, and evaluated the rate of pathologic upgrade and predicting factors.Methods
From review of our institution’s database from January 2006 to December 2012, we enrolled 82 radial scars/complex sclerosing lesions in 80 women; 51 by ultrasound guided core needle biopsy, 1 by mammography-guided stereotactic biopsy, and 38 by surgical excision. The initial biopsy pathology revealed that 53 lesions were without high risk lesions and 29 were with high risk lesions. Radiologic, clinical and pathological results were analyzed statistically and upgrade rates were calculated.Results
Of the 82 lesions, 64 (78.0%) were surgically excised. After surgical excision, two were upgraded to DCIS and two were upgraded to lesions with high risk lesions. The rate of radial scar with high risk lesions was significantly higher in the surgical excision group (11.1% vs. 42.2%, p?=?0.015), which also demonstrated larger lesion size (10.7?±?6.5 vs. 7.1?±?2.6 mm, p?=?0.001). The diagnoses with high risk lesions on final pathological results showed older age (52.9?±?6.0 years vs. 48.4?±?6.7 years, p?=?0.018).Conclusions
Radial scars with and without high risk lesions showed no statistically significant differences in imaging, and gave relatively low cancer upgrade rates.6.
Background
Physical examinations may reveal the instability of a glenohumeral joint but cannot diagnose the bony Bankart lesions. Soft tissue Bankart lesion cannot be visualized on traditional radiogram. Magnetic resonance images have high cost and availability issues. The purpose of the study was to access the diagnostic performance of the Computed Tomography (CT) in the assessment of patients with shoulder instability and to diagnose the Bankart and bony Bankart lesions.Methods
A total of 145 patients with shoulder instability were included in the study. Patients were subjected to clinical examination tests, traditional radiography, and CT. Two orthopedic surgeons, two engineers (trained in musculoskeletal imaging), and two physiotherapists have analyzed the radiological images, CT scans, and the clinical examination tests respectively. The Chi-square test or one-way ANOVA/ Dunnett Multiple comparisons test was performed at 99% of confidence level.Results
Sensitivity (0.972?±?0.18 vs. 1, p?=?0.11) and accuracy (0.942?±?0.17 vs. 1, p?<?0.0001, q?=?3.88) for the clinical examination tests combining the traditional radiological images were same to CT. However, the clinical examination tests combining the traditional radiological images had more inconclusive results (5 vs. 1), false-positive results (6 vs. 5), and false negative results (4 vs. 1) than CT. The area that detects the Bankart and bony Bankart lesions at least one time for CT was higher than that of the clinical examination tests combining the traditional radiological images.Conclusion
CT should be considered for evaluation in patients with shoulder instability and suspected Bankart and bony Bankart lesions.Trial registration
Researchregistry3990 dated 15 December 2014 (www.researchregistry.com).7.
Heidi J. Murphy John B. Cahill Katherine E. Twombley David J. Annibale James R. Kiger 《Journal of artificial organs》2018,21(1):76-85
Purpose
We hypothesized that a standardized approach to early continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) during neonatal extracorporeal life support (ECLS) results in greater homogeneity of CRRT initiation times with improvements in fluid balance and outcomes.Methods
Retrospective analysis of data (2007–2015) obtained from neonates treated prior to (E1; n?=?32) and after (E2; n?=?31) a 2011 practice change: CRRT initiation within 48 h of ECLS.Results
Birthweight, gestational age, ECLS mode, and age at ECLS initiation were similar to each epoch. Survival [E1: median 75%, E2: 71%] and length of ECLS [E1: median 221 h, E2: 180 h] were comparable. During E2, 100% of infants received CRRT (vs. E1: 37%; p?<?0.001) and 97% of infants initiated CRRT within 48 h of ECLS (vs. E1: 13%; p?<?0.001). Control charts demonstrate reduced practice variation. Elapsed time from ECLS to CRRT differed between Epochs [E1: median 105 h, E2: 9 h; p?<?0.001] as did weight at CRRT initiation [E1: 4.13 kg (29% above baseline), E2: 3.19 kg (0%); p?<?0.001]. Significant differences in weight change were noted on days 6 and 7 (E1: 14%, E2: 2%; raw data comparison yielded p?<?0.05) and curves were different (p?<?0.05).Conclusions
We successfully implemented a practice change, initiating CRRT within 48 h of ECLS cannulation, leading to decreased practice variation and improved short-term outcomes including decreased weight gain at CRRT initiation and faster return to baseline weight during the first 7 days of ECLS. We did not demonstrate changes in duration of ECLS, invasive ventilation, or survival.8.
Antonina Mikocka-Walus Peter Bampton David Hetzel Patrick Hughes Adrian Esterman Jane M. Andrews 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2017,24(1):127-135
Purpose
There is ongoing controversy on the effectiveness of psychotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the few small studies, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to alleviate symptoms of anxiety or depression. However, there is little research on the impact of CBT on physical outcomes in IBD and no studies on long-term effectiveness of CBT.Methods
The present two-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial aimed to establish the impact of CBT on disease course after 24 months of observation. The study compared standard care plus CBT (+CBT) with standard care alone (SC). CBT was delivered over 10 weeks, face-to-face (F2F) or online (cCBT). The data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models.Results
CBT did not significantly influence disease activity as measured by disease activity indices at 24 months (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI), p?=?0.92; Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), p?=?0.88) or blood parameters (C-reactive protein (CRP), p?<?0.62; haemoglobin (Hb), p?=?0.77; platelet, p?=?0.64; white cell count (WCC), p?=?0.59) nor did CBT significantly affect mental health, coping or quality of life (all p?>?0.05).Conclusions
Therefore, we conclude that CBT does not influence the course of IBD over 24 months. Given the high rate of attrition, particularly in the CBT group, future trials should consider a personalised approach to psychotherapy, perhaps combining online and one-to-one therapist time.9.
Palliative enteral feeding for patients with malignant esophageal obstruction: a retrospective study
Background
Malignant esophageal obstruction leads to dysphagia, deterioration in quality of life, and malnutrition. Traditional bedside nasogastric (NG) tube placement is very difficult under these circumstances. However, endoscopically assisted NG tube placement under fluoroscopic guidance could be an alternative option for establishing palliative enteral nutrition. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of enteral tube feeding and esophageal stenting for patients with malignant esophageal obstruction and a short life expectancy.Methods
Thirty-one patients were divided into 3 groups according to their treatment modality: NG tube (n?=?12), esophageal stent group (n?=?10), and supportive care with nil per os (NPO) (n?=?9). Enteral nutrition, clinical outcomes, length of hospital stay, and median survival were evaluated.Results
There were no significant baseline differences among the groups, except in age. The tube and stent groups had significantly higher enteral calorie intake (p?=?0.01), higher serum albumin (p?<?0.01), shorter hospital stay (p?=?0.01), and longer median survival (p?<?0.01) than the NPO group. The incidence of dislodgement in the tube group was significantly higher than in the stent group (58 % vs. 20 %, respectively; p?=?0.01). However, stenting costs more than NG tube placement.Conclusions
Palliative enteral feeding by NG tube is safe, inexpensive, and has a low complication rate. Endoscopically assisted NG tube placement under fluoroscopic guidance could be a feasible palliative option for malignant esophageal obstruction for patients who have a short life expectancy.10.
Randi Brendbekken Anette Harris Holger Ursin Hege R. Eriksen Tone Tangen 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2016,23(1):1-11
Background
Musculoskeletal pain is associated with comorbidity, extensive use of health services, long-term disability and reduced quality of life. The scientific literature on effects of treatment for musculoskeletal pain is inconclusive.Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare a multidisciplinary intervention (MI), including use of the novel Interdisciplinary Structured Interview with a Visual Educational Tool (ISIVET), with a brief intervention (BI), on effects on mental and physical symptoms, functioning ability, use of health services and coping in patients sick-listed due to musculoskeletal pain.Method
Two hundred eighty-four adults aged 18–60, referred to a specialist clinic in physical rehabilitation, were randomized to MI or BI. Patients received a medical examination at baseline and completed a comprehensive questionnaire at baseline, 3 months and 12 months.Results
Both groups reported improvements in mental and physical symptoms, including pain, and improved functioning ability at 3 and 12 months, but the MI group improved faster than the BI group except from reports of pain, which had a similar course. Significant interactions between group and time were found on mental symptoms (anxiety (p?<?0.05), depression (p?<?0.01), somatization (p?<?0.01)) and functioning ability (p?<?0.01) due to stronger effects in the MI group at 3 months. At 3 and 12 months, the MI group reported significantly less use of health services (general practitioner (p?<?0.05)). At 12 months, the MI group reported better self-evaluated capability of coping with complaints (p?<?0.001) and they took better care of their own health (p?<?0.001), compared to the BI group.Conclusion
The results indicate that the MI may represent an important supplement in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain.11.
Kumi Hirokawa Toshiyo Taniguchi Yasuhito Fujii Jiro Takaki Akizumi Tsutsumi 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2016,23(4):464-472
Purpose
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to ascertain if changes in job demands modify associations between changes in testosterone levels and andropause symptoms in male Japanese workers.Method
A baseline survey including job demands and the Aging Males’ Symptoms scale, lifestyle factors, and blood levels of testosterone was conducted in 2007. Among 192 men (mean age?±?SD 52.2?±?7.6 years) who completed all relevant questionnaires and provided blood at baseline, 104 men (50.9?±?7.2 years) were followed up in 2009. Changes of variables in 2 years were calculated (data of follow-up minus those of baseline).Results
Testosterone levels were increased significantly, whereas job demands and somatic symptoms were reduced significantly, at follow-up. Changes in testosterone levels were negatively associated with changes in total andropause symptoms, psychological symptoms, and sexual symptoms (standardized β?=??0.27, ?0.24, and, ?0.29, p?<?0.05, respectively), after adjustment for confounders. Changes in job demands were positively associated with changes in somatic symptoms (standardized β?=?0.21, p?<?0.05). Significant interactions of changes in testosterone levels and job demands were noted for changes in psychological symptoms (standardized β?=?0.26, p?<?0.05). For men with a 1-SD reduction in job demands, negative associations between changes in testosterone levels and psychological symptoms were intensified, but not for men with a 1-SD increase in job demands.Conclusion
Andropause symptoms may be affected by changes in testosterone levels and job demands. Change in job demands may modify associations between changes in testosterone levels and andropause symptoms.12.
Reza Jabbari Javad Jabbari Charlotte Glinge Bjarke Risgaard Stefan Sattler Bo Gregers Winkel Christian Juhl Terkelsen Hans-Henrik Tilsted Lisette Okkels Jensen Mikkel Hougaard Stig Haunsø Thomas Engstrøm Christine M. Albert Jacob Tfelt-Hansen 《BMC medical genetics》2017,18(1):138
Background
Cohort studies have revealed an increased risk for ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In this study, we hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) previously associated with AF may be associated with the risk of VF caused by first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods
We investigated association of 24 AF-associated SNPs with VF in the prospectively assembled case–control study among first STEMI-patients of Danish ancestry.Results
We included 257 cases (STEMI with VF) and 537 controls (STEMI without VF). The median age at index infarction was 60 years for the cases and 61 years for the controls (p?=?0.100). Compared to the control group, the case group was more likely to be male (86% vs. 75%, p?=?0.001), have a history of AF (7% vs. 2%, p?=?0.006) or hypercholesterolemia (39% vs. 31%, p?=?0.023), and a family history of sudden death (40% vs. 25%, p?<?0.001). All 24 selected SNPs have previously been associated with AF. None of the 24 SNPs were associated with the risk of VF after adjustment for age and sex under additive genetic model of inheritance in the logistic regression model.Conclusion
In this study, we found that the 24 AF-associated SNPs may not be involved in increasing the risk of VF. Larger VF cohorts and use of new next generation sequencing and epigenetic may in future identify additional AF and VF risk loci and improve our understanding of genetic pathways behind the two arrhythmias.13.
Soghra Jarvandi Maria Pérez Mario Schootman Donna B. Jeffe 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2016,23(6):722-729
Purpose
Type 2 diabetes is a common comorbidity among breast cancer survivors. Our aim was to assess the association between diabetes and quality of life (QOL) in newly diagnosed early stage (0-IIA) breast cancer patients over a 2-year follow-up.Methods
We used data from a longitudinal study of 549 breast cancer patients, aged ≥40 years. During four telephone interviews administered 4–6 weeks and 6, 12, and 24 months after definitive surgical treatment, we measured QOL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) scale; higher scores indicate better QOL. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test the change over time in total FACT-B and each of the five subscales (physical, social, emotional and functional well-being, and breast cancer concerns), comparing patients with and without diabetes at baseline.Results
After adjusting for covariates (age, race, body mass index, education, marital status, cancer staging, and surgical side effects), patients with (vs. without) diabetes reported lower QOL over time on the total FACT-B (least-squares mean [standard error] 106.2 [2.1] vs. 112.0 [1.1]; p?=?0.0038) and on physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being subscales (each p?<?0.05). Over the 2-year follow-up, QOL improved significantly for the emotional well-being (p?<?0.0001) and breast cancer concern subscales (p?=?0.0282) among patients without diabetes, but not among patients with diabetes.Conclusion
Early stage breast cancer patients with diabetes may need additional care considerations to improve QOL.14.
Karolina Wesołowska Marko Elovainio Taina Hintsa Markus Jokela Laura Pulkki-Råback Niina Pitkänen Jari Lipsanen Janne Tukiainen Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen Terho Lehtimäki Markus Juonala Olli Raitakari Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2017,24(6):901-907
Purpose
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with depressive symptoms, but the causal direction of this association and the underlying mechanisms, such as increased glucose levels, remain unclear. We used instrumental-variable regression with a genetic instrument (Mendelian randomization) to examine a causal role of increased glucose concentrations in the development of depressive symptoms.Method
Data were from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (n = 1217). Depressive symptoms were assessed in 2012 using a modified Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). Fasting glucose was measured concurrently with depressive symptoms. A genetic risk score for fasting glucose (with 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms) was used as an instrumental variable for glucose.Results
Glucose was not associated with depressive symptoms in the standard linear regression (B = ?0.04, 95% CI [?0.12, 0.04], p = .34), but the instrumental-variable regression showed an inverse association between glucose and depressive symptoms (B = ?0.43, 95% CI [?0.79, ?0.07], p = .020). The difference between the estimates of standard linear regression and instrumental-variable regression was significant (p = .026)Conclusion
Our results suggest that the association between T2D and depressive symptoms is unlikely to be caused by increased glucose concentrations. It seems possible that T2D might be linked to depressive symptoms due to low glucose levels.15.
Geetha Mukerji Adina Weinerman Sarah Schwartz Adelle Atkinson Lynfa Stroud Brian M. Wong 《BMC medical education》2017,17(1):248
Background
With rising healthcare costs and a focus on quality, there is a growing need to promote resource stewardship in medical education. Physicians need to be able to communicate effectively with patients/caregivers seeking tests and treatments that are unnecessary.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an interactive workshop on residents’ knowledge of resource stewardship and communication skills when counseling patients/caregivers about requests for unnecessary testing.Methods
Participants were 83 Internal Medicine and Pediatrics residents at the University of Toronto in 2014–15. The evaluation compared resource stewardship knowledge and communication skills of 57 (69%) residents that attended the resource stewardship workshop to 26 residents (31%) who did not. Knowledge and communication skills assessment consisted of a written test and a structured assessment using standardized patient raters, respectively. A linear regression was applied to determine predictors of overall communication skills performance.Results
Workshop attendance resulted in better performance on the knowledge test (4.3?±?1.9 vs. 3.1?±?1.7 out of 8, p?=?0.01), but not better performance on the communication skills assessment (4.1?±?0.8 vs. 4.0?±?0.9 out of 5, p?=?0.56). Higher training level (p?=?0.01) and knowledge test scores (p?=?0.046) were independent predictors of better overall communication skills, after adjusting for gender, training level, workshop attendance, knowledge and self-reported prior feedback on communication skills.Conclusions
An interactive workshop can improve knowledge of resource stewardship, but improving communication skills with patients/caregivers about unnecessary testing may require additional training or reinforcement in the clinical learning environment. These teaching and assessment approaches can support the integration of education on resource stewardship into medical education.16.
Amanda Z. Zucoloto Marília F. Manchope Larrisa Staurengo-Ferrari José C. Alves-Filho Thiago M. Cunha Maísa M. Antunes Gustavo B. Menezes Fernando Q. Cunha Rubia Casagrande Waldiceu A. VerriJr. 《Inflammation research》2017,66(7):591-602
Objective and design
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probucol in inflammatory hyperalgesia and leukocyte recruitment in mice.Treatment
Probucol at 0.3–3 mg/kg was administrated per oral 1 h before inflammatory stimulus.Author: Kindly check and confirm the affiliation 1 have been correctly processed or not and amend if necessary.Thank you. We have corrected affiliation 1. We added the information to the appropriate boxes. However the state and the postal code are in a different order when compared to the other affiliations.Methods
Overt pain-like behaviors were determined by the number of abdominal writhings induced by phenyl-p-benzoquinone and acetic acid. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan were determined using an electronic anesthesiometer and hot plate apparatus, respectively. Leukocyte recruitment was evaluated by direct count or by determination of myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities. Antioxidant ability was determined by measurement of GSH levels, ABTS and FRAP assays. Cytokine production and NF-кB activation were evaluated by ELISA. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc. p?<?0.05 was considered significant.Results
Probucol reduced overt pain-like behavior, and carrageenan-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. These effects were accompanied by reduced leukocyte influx in both paw skin and peritoneum exudate. Probucol did not alter carrageenan-induced tissue antioxidant capacity at anti-inflammatory/analgesic dose. On the other hand, probucol inhibited carrageenan-induced IL-1β, TNF-α and CXCL1 production as well as NF-кB activation.Conclusion
Probucol presents analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities by employing mechanisms other than its antioxidant properties. These mechanisms involve targeting of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-кB activation.17.
Shuhei Izawa Nanako Nakamura-Taira Kosuke Chris Yamada 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2016,23(6):664-669
Purpose
Being appropriately aware of the extent of stress experienced in daily life is essential in motivating stress management behaviours. Excessive stress underestimation obstructs this process, which is expected to exert adverse effects on health. We prospectively examined associations between stress underestimation and mental health outcomes in Japanese workers.Methods
Web-based surveys were conducted twice with an interval of 1 year on 2359 Japanese male workers. Participants were asked to complete survey items concerning stress underestimation, depressive symptoms, sickness absence, and antidepressant use.Results
Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high baseline levels of ‘overgeneralization of stress’ and ‘insensitivity to stress’ were significantly associated with new-onset depressive symptoms (OR?=?2.66 [95 % CI, 1.54–4.59], p?<?.01) and antidepressant use (OR?=?4.91 [95 % CI, 1.22–19.74], p?<?.05), respectively, during the 1-year follow-up period.Conclusions
This study clearly demonstrated that stress underestimation, including stress insensitivity and the overgeneralization of stress, could exert adverse effects on mental health.18.
Orly?Sarid Vered?Slonim-Nevo Doron?Schwartz Michael?Friger Ruslan?Sergienko Avihu?Pereg Hillel?Vardi Elena?Chernin Terri?Singer Dan?Greenberg Shmuel?Odes 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2018,25(3):341-350
Purpose
How psycho-social variables affect the degree of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) is incompletely understood. Therefore, we measured and compared the impact of psycho-social variables on the active disease state in UC and CD.Method
One hundred and twenty-two UC and 305 CD patients with active disease completed questionnaires detailing their psychological symptoms, threatening experiences, disease-coping strategies, satisfaction with life, quality of life, and demographics.Results
UC and CD patients were aged (mean, SD) 38.6?±?14.0 and 45.2?±?15.1 years, respectively. The psychological symptom index (median, IQR) was greater in UC 1.24 (0.8) than CD 0.9 (0.8), p?<?0.001. UC used more emotion-focused strategies, 24.5 (5.7) than CD, 23.0 (5.7), p?<?0.03; problem-focused strategies, 16.4 (4.5) vs. 15.4 (4.2), p?<?0.04; and dysfunctional strategies, 23.7 (5.7) vs. 22.0 (5.0), p?<?0.01. UC activity correlated with gender, age, economic status, psychological symptoms, threatening experiences, all coping strategies, satisfaction with life, and quality of life (p?<?0.02–0.001). CD activity correlated with economic status, psychological symptoms, threatening experiences, dysfunctional strategies, satisfaction with life, and quality of life (p?<?0.05–0.001). UC activity was predicted by psychological symptoms (9.1% variance), economic status (6.9%), problem-focused strategies (4.2%), and threatening experiences (1.3%); CD activity by threatening experiences (5% variance) and psychological symptoms (4%). In path analysis, psychological symptoms and problem-focused strategies mediated the effects of economic status, age, and threatening experiences on UC activity. In CD, the dominant pathway was threatening experiences impacting on psychological symptoms.Conclusion
The impact of psycho-social variables on the active disease state differs between UC and CD, thus indicating a need for specifically tailored psychotherapies.19.
Yoshiaki Shoji Hiroya Takeuchi Kazumasa Fukuda Koichi Fukunaga Rieko Nakamura Tsunehiro Takahashi Norihito Wada Hirofumi Kawakubo Taku Miyasho Takahiro Hiratsuka Masafumi Inomata Tomoko Betsuyaku Yuko Kitagawa 《Inflammation research》2017,66(9):803-811
Objective and design
An animal experiment was performed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of an alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) derivative, dihydrolipoyl histidinate zinc complex (DHLHZn) for acute lung injury (ALI) and to investigate the mechanism of action.Material
Rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: control group (n = 17), DHLHZn(?) group (n = 11, ALI model rats), and DHLHZn(+) group (n = 12, ALI model rats treated by DHLHZn).Treatment
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 10 mg/kg) were administered intratracheally in the DHLHZn(?) group and the DHLHZn(+) group. For the DHLHZn(+) group, DHLHZn (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 2 h prior to LPS administration.Methods
Four hours after LPS administration, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. The findings were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test.Results
Total number of cells, number of neutrophils and lymphocytes, levels of various inflammatory cytokines, and NF-kB p65 concentration of BALF were significantly lower in the DHLHZn(+) group than in the DHLHZn(?) group (p < 0.05). ALI pathology scores were significantly lower in the DHLHZn(+) group than in the DHLHZn(?) group (p < 0.001).Conclusions
Anti-inflammatory effects of DHLHZn for ALI were demonstrated by BALF and histopathological findings. The mechanism of action of DHLHZn was considered to be via inhibition of the NF-kB signaling pathway. DHLHZn is thus suggested to be a new prophylactic agent for ALI.20.