2016年南通市食品安全动态监测结果分析

目的了解南通市流通领域的食品安全状况,为建立监测体系提供依据。方法对南通地区流通领域的食品进行多级分层抽样,监测项目包括微生物指标、农药残留、食品添加剂、真菌毒素、重金属污染物、兽药残留、违禁添加物等。结果共监测27大类食品,累计2 806批次,合格2 772批次,合格率为98.79%;其中微生物指标合格率为98.14%,农药残留监测合格率为99.84%,食品添加剂监测合格率为99.77%,重金属污染监测合格率为99.47%,真菌毒素类、兽药残留类、生产过程中产生的有害物质类和违禁添加类指标均合格。结论 2016年南通市流通领域食品较安全。开展食品安全动态监测,及时发布监测结果,能够让居民及时了解本地市场上食品的安全状况,提高居民食品安全的鉴别能力,也为监管部门制定监管措施提供依据。     

食品卫生监测在食品安全监管中的作用

食品卫生监测数据是控制食源性疾病危害的基础性工作，是国家制定食品安全政策、法规、标准的重要依据，也是食品监管部门执法强有力的技术支撑；完善的食品卫生监测网络，能有效地收集有关食品的污染信息，有利于开展适合我国国情的危险性评估；创建食品安全预警系统，保护人民群众身体健康，提高我国食品的安全信誉度，提升我国在国际食品贸易中心地位。同时对确定我国食源性疾病监测的种类，分析食品污染水平与食源性疾病的关系，评估特定食品污染物及其对人群健康的危害程度，提高食源性疾病的快速诊断、溯源及处理能力；加强食源性疾病主动监测，公布食源性疾病监测信息，为政府和消费者提供食源性疾病监测及控制的科学依据有着重要的意义。     

定海区食品安全检测资源调查

目的了解定海区食品安全检测监测机构资源配置和检测能力，探索检测资源整合办法和科学管理方法，促进食品安全检测资源利用与共享。方法对全区提供食品安全检测服务的检测监测机构的检测资源情况、检测能力状况、检测信息共享，进行填表调查和现场核查；随机抽取食品生产、经营企业和餐饮单位各10家，开展食品安全检测监测机构服务满意度问卷调查。结果全区开展食品安全检测服务的检测监测机构共有6家，实有实验场所面积770平方米，主要检测仪器设备30余台（套）；已通过部分项目认证，能提供定量检测服务的单位2家，可开展水质、空气等农业产地环境和少数食品50余个项目的检测。从事检测服务的人员41名，专业结构、学历和职称构成在已获认证的实验室与食品定性快检部门之间存在差异。各机构检测信息共享性差。生产经营企业对检测监测机构的服务满意度达80．7％。结论定海食品安全检测资源匮乏、检测能力低下，应有效整合现有资源，提高检测资源、信息资源共享．建立健全食品安全检测体系。     

2004-2005年万州区食品污染物动态监测及结果分析

目的对三峡库区腹心地重庆市万州区部分食品污染物动态状况进行监测,以了解辖区食品污染状况、污染物水平及动态变化趋势,为政府制定食品安全管理政策提供科学依据。方法按照国家卫生部食卫所《食品中污染物监测工作细则》要求和现行各类食品的相应国家食品卫生标准及《农药安全使用规定》进行采样、检验和评价。结果连续2年万州区食品污染物的监测结果以农药污染较为严重,有机磷农药残留检出率、超标率呈明显上升趋势,2005年较2004年的有机磷农药残留检出率22·86%、超标率20%。分别上升了115·57%和110·15%;熟肉制品细菌指标监测超标率为66·67%;违规超国家标准限量值使用食品添加剂问题突出。结论继续开展食品污染物监测工作是十分必要的,并为食品安全预警系统提供科学依据,制定并采取有针对性的食品污染物危害预防与控制措施,确保公众的身体健康和食品安全。     

食品安全风险监测预警系统研究

目的应用信息技术对食品安全状况进行实时监测,并对食品安全风险进行科学预警,为食品安全的科学监管提供高效的信息技术手段。方法通过对食品安全综合评价指数与监测预警系统总体设计框架及基于XML的异构数据中心与资源共享平台、食品安全综合评价指标体系、食品安全综合评价指数模型、食品安全风险预警模型等四个关键技术的研究,实现系统功能。结果成功研发了食品安全综合评价指数与风险监测预警系统,实现了预期功能。结论信息技术为食品安全的科学监管提供了全新的技术支撑。     

2000-2009年中国食品化学污染物监测概况与分析

目的了解中国食品安全状况以及为食品安全监管政策的制定提供科学数据。方法通过食品化学污染物监测计划制定、工作手册编制、技术培训、质量控制考核、数据收集、审核与统计等措施与步骤在中国部分地区开展监测工作。结果连续10年在16个省市共累计监测了14大类食品和129项化学指标,建立了105万多个监测数据的数据库;监测结果显示中国食品安全形势总体稳定并保持向好趋势,但也存在一些食品安全问题;监测数据已被用于食品安全预警、监管、风险评估和标准制定。结论 10年监测掌握了监测食品中化合物的污染水平及其动态趋势,为政策法规的制定提供了科学数据,为覆盖全国的食品污染物监测奠定了基础。     

食品安全综合评价指数与监测预警系统研究

目的:应用信息技术对食品安全状况进行实时监测,并对食品安全风险进行科学预警,为食品安全的科学监管提供高效的信息技术手段。方法:通过对食品安全综合评价指数与监测预警系统总体设计框架及基于XML的异构数据中心与资源共享平台、食品安全综合评价指标体系、食品安全综合评价指数模型、食品安全风险预警模型等四个关键技术的研究,实现系统功能。结果:成功研发了食品安全综合评价指数与风险监测预警系统,实现了预期功能。结论:信息技术为食品安全的科学监管提供了全新的技术支撑。     

阿克苏地区2015～2017年食品安全风险监测结果分析

食品安全一直受到广泛关注,为此,国家有关部门高度重视食品安全风险监测工作。阿克苏地区根据国家及新疆自治区统一部署,每年对辖区内的相关食品开展食品风险监测,以便及时了解阿克苏地区食品中主要污染物及有害因素的污染水平和趋势,为有关部门开展食品安全管理提供科学数据,对于风险因素进行有效管控,确保居民食用卫生的食品,以此减少因食品污染给人们带来的危害。现对2015-2017年阿克苏地区部分食品的风险监测数据进行分析,评估阿克苏食品安全状况。     

2007年邯郸市食品金属污染物铅、镉、汞含量的测定

为了贯彻落实卫生部提出的《食品安全行动计划》，为确定国家食品污染水平和对健康的危害提供基础数据，为建立河北省食品污染物检测体系和网络预警平台，邯郸市疾病预防控制中心是自2005年就被河北省卫生厅确定为6个食品污染物监测网点之一。2007年6—7月，依据（2007年河北省食品污染物检测计划》的要求，我们对邯郸市各销售领域开展了邯郸市重点食品污染物污染状况监测，其中，对邯郸市新上市的蔬菜、猪肝、鲜食用菌、干食用菌和茶叶等具有代表性、典型性和适时性的样品进行了现场采集，及时送到实验室，检测人员针对食品样品按照国标检验方法进行了金属污染物铅、镉、汞含量的测定。     

河源市2013-2015年食品安全风险监测结果分析

目的 探讨河源市常见食品化学性污染情况,为食品安全监管部门采取防控措施提供依据.方法 依照《国家食品安全风险监测》和《广东省食品安全风险监测工作手册》,对食品进行监测,并分析监测结果.结果 河源市2013-2015年食品安全监测3 055份食品样品,合格率91.3％,检测的各类食品均有部分超标,其中散装食用植物油的黄曲霉毒素B1、烧卤熟肉的亚硝酸盐、即食拉皮凉粉的铝等监测项目超标较高.结论 河源市食品污染存在一定的风险隐患.食品监管部门应加大对食品安全监督力度,有效降低食品安全风险,从根本上保证消费者饮食安全.     

灵川县2011年食品微生物安全风险监测结果分析

目的研究并分析食品微生物安全风险监测相关问题。方法选取灵川县2011年度食品微生物安全风险监测结果作为研究数据,对8类食品中微生物的含量情况进行综合对比与分析。结果96份被检测样品当中,合格50份,所检项目总合格率52．08％。流通环节合格率为69．23％,餐饮环节合格率为16．12％。餐饮环节监测合格率明显低于流通环节,数据对比差异显著（P〈0．05）,具有统计学意义。同时,直接入口的五类食品均受到不同程度的微生物污染。结论食品微生物安全风险问题值得关注。为提高食品微生物监测合格率,需要从以下几个方面人手：应当建立健全食品安全风险预警机制：健全相关的法律体系;建立食品安全责任追究制度;提高对食品从业人员的卫生知识教育。     

瑞典医疗风险监管体系的循证评价

目的 循证评价瑞典医疗风险监管体系，为我国医疗风险监测预警机制的建立提供借鉴。方法 检索国内外相关数据库和网络信息资源，搜集有关瑞典医疗风险管理、医疗差错、病人安全和医疗保健方面的文献，语种限定为中文和英文．检索时间截止到2006年10月。应用循证科学的原理和方法。筛选和评价文献质量，进行描述性研究。结果 根据纳入和排除标准，共纳入文献10篇，主要涉及医疗不安全事件、卫生保健、病人安全等内容。瑞典政府十分重视公共卫生，特别是初级保健在保障国民健康上的积极作用。通过实施抗生素合理使用与抗药性监督战略计划（STRAMA），加强药品监管：应用计算机医院管理系统。实行医疗质量管理反馈机制：建立病人安全监测系统等措施减少医疗差错，防范医疗风险，取得较好成效。结论 瑞典卫生保健体系较完善，政府采取了诸多防范措施应对医疗不安全事件，在医疗风险监管方面取得了显著成绩，对建立我国医疗风险监测预警机制具有借鉴意义。     

The Design and Development of a Food Composition Database for an Electronic Tool to Assess Food Intake in New Caledonian Families

The food environment in New Caledonia is undergoing a transition, with movement away from traditional diets towards processed and discretionary foods and beverages. This study aimed to develop an up-to-date food composition database that could be used to analyze food and nutritional intake data of New Caledonian children and adults. Development of this database occurred in three phases: Phase 1, updating and expanding the number of food items to represent current food supply; Phase 2, refining the database items and naming and assigning portion size images for food items; Phase 3, ensuring comprehensive nutrient values for all foods, including saturated fat and total sugar. The final New Caledonian database comprised a total of 972 food items, with 40 associated food categories and 25 nutrient values and 615 items with portion size images. To improve the searchability of the database, the names of 593 food items were shortened and synonyms or alternate spelling were included for 462 foods. Once integrated into a mobile app-based multiple-pass 24-h recall tool, named iRecall.24, this country-specific food composition database would support the assessment of food and nutritional intakes of families in New Caledonia, in a cross-sectional and longitudinal manner, and with translational opportunities for use across the wider Pacific region.     

An assessment of various household food security measures in Hawaiì has implications for national food security research and monitoring

The Core Food Security Module (CFSM), the national food security monitoring tool, requires three affirmative responses to categorize households as food insecure. If this tool is unreliable or inaccurate, vulnerable segments of our population may be adversely affected. The objectives of the present study were to assess the credibility of applying the CFSM categorical measure to a population sample from Hawaiì and to assess the concurrent validity of the CFSM, the new face-valid measure and measures adapted from the Radimer/Cornell (RC) measure and Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project. The sample included 1469 respondents gathered through a statewide telephone sample and 144 food pantry recipients. Responses to the 18 CFSM questions were used to create all four measures. The credibility of the CFSM categorical measure was also assessed via comparisons with individual items and with the 1995 national modal CFSM response pattern. Categorical measures were compared across food security prevalence estimates and indices of income and vegetable intake and with the CFSM scale measure. Differences in the modal response pattern between samples affected CFSM categorization. Only 36% of households followed the Hawaiì modal response pattern, and categorization was not consistent with the content of key items. Although 85% of the households were classified as food secure by the CFSM, only 78% were classified as food secure with each of the other food security measures. Concurrent validity of all measures was confirmed. A reassessment of the national CFSM categorical measure appears warranted.     

江苏省疾控机构食品安全技术资源和能力分析及质量控制研究

作者对江苏省承担食品安全风险监测的111家疾控机构进行了调查,分析所具备的食品安全技术资源和检测能力。省、市和县三级疾控机构全部通过实验室资质认定,54.1%的机构承担食品理化检测,75.6%的机构承担食品微生物检测,12.6%的机构承担食品毒理项目检测。检测人员主要集中在县级疾控机构,覆盖采样、理化、微生物和数据报送。各疾控机构通过对样品、人员、仪器设备、环境条件和检测报告等关键环节的控制,保证监测结果的准确性和可靠性。     

64家示范候选企业职业危害监测预警能力分析

目的通过综合分析我国职业卫生示范候选企业的职业危害监测预警能力,总结经验,为建立我国高危职业危害监测预警指标和模型提供技术参考。方法从《国家职业卫生示范企业评选标准》中提炼出39项有关职业危害监测预警能力的指标,分别归类为直接预警能力、间接预警能力和协调预警能力,采用层次分析方法计算指标的组合权重系数,建立企业职业危害监测预警能力评价体系和模型;而后,对2006年64家国家职业卫生示范候选企业的职业危害监测预警能力进行了综合评分,满分为100分;并比较分析了不同评选结果、不同地区、不同行业和规模企业预警能力的差异。结果64家企业预警能力综合评分平均为90.9±7.9,其中东部地区企业的评分较高,中部地区企业的评分较低;不同行业和规模示范候选企业的预警能力没有差异;预警能力评分较差的前5项指标分别是职业病危害告知、高毒作业红色警示线设置、产生职业病危害设备警示标识设置、作业场所监测结果公示、作业场所定期检测评价。结论通过加强领导,企业重视职业病防治工作,不同行业、不同规模的企业能在职业危害监测预警能力建设上取得同样的效果;要加强中部地区企业职业危害监测预警工作。     

Establishment of an isoflavone database for usual Korean foods and evaluation of isoflavone intake among Korean children

Asian populations including Koreans are assumed to have a higher isoflavone intake due to the higher consumption of soybean. However, it is difficult to estimate isoflavone intake because there is no isoflavone database in Korea. In this study, an isoflavone database was established with systematic review. Literature with analytical values of Korean soybeans and its products were collected and evaluated to establish an isoflavone database. A total of 142 food items containing isoflavones were selected among 2,932 food items in the Korean Nutrient Database. Among these, only 25 food items were evaluated with analytical values and the remaining 98 items were replaced with adaptations or calculations from similar items. Dietary intake of isoflavones was assessed for 426 boys and 365 girls aged 8 to 11 years with 3-day food records. The daily mean isoflavone intake was 8.3 mg among boys and 7.2 mg among girls. More than 70% of subjects had a daily isoflavone intake below 10 mg. The most contributory food item to the isoflavone intake among adolescents was tofu in quantity and soybean sauce in frequency. This database could be used to estimate isoflavone intakes from dietary data among various populations and to evaluate the relationships between isoflavone intake and chronic disease.     

Identification of food groups for use in a self-administered,computer-assisted diet history interview for use in Australia

The objective of this paper was to develop a set of food groups for use in a self-administered, computer-assisted diet history interview for use in Australia by combining foods into groups so as to minimise database error in the macronutrient values for the food groups. The program needs to appropriately balance the level of detail used with the burden load on respondents and errors associated with categorisation of foods into groups. Various statistical techniques were utilised to aggregate a large number of food items into compositionally and conceptually similar groups. Exploratory statistical analysis, cluster analysis, stepwise regression analysis and association rule analysis were performed. A database containing 433 food groups was created which minimised the level of database error in the resulting data collection. Although some database error was introduced by aggregating food items into groups, the magnitude of the errors was reasonable considering other error sources. These findings are useful when applied to collection of food intake information for an individual's diet history and measurement of energy and macronutrient intake.     

“军卫一号”数据库的网络安全监控研究

目的：在“军卫一号”工程成功运行多年的基础上加强数据库安全审计工作,设计一套可行的数据监控程序。方法：通过安全信息数据主动与被动采集、保存采集备份数据、分析可信任字典,进行审核。结果：形成了报警信息及提出相应处置预案的网络安全监控的完整处理程序,可靠性较好。结论：该方法解决了“军卫一号”数据库的网络环境下的监控处理问题,保障了数据库的安全运行,促进了“军卫一号”系统的网络安全。     

Food Purchase Patterns at the Supermarket and their Relationship to Family Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to develop a system for characterizing food purchases by families using supermarket receipt data. One hundred and five shoppers contributed data that represented 363 people (138 children and 225 adults). Participants provided food purchase receipt data for at least 6 weeks, which included an average of at least 20 food items/week. Receipt information was entered by trained technicians for analysis using a database of over 2600 distinct foods containing nutritional information. Eighty-five percent of the items on the store receipts were identifiable by item and quantity from the information printed on the receipt; the data on the remaining items was determined by shopper annotation or by use of a default value. The average percent of energy purchased as fat by this convenience sample was 38.4%, total fiber purchased was 6.61 g/1000 kcal, and number of servings of fruits and vegetables was 1.44/1000 kcal. All foods were divided among 11 categories to evaluate the contributions of particular food groups to energy, fat, and fiber purchase.The three major contributors to fat purchase were, in order, “add-on and cooking fats;” “meats, poultry, and fish;” and “dairy.” Purchased fiber came primarily from “produce,” with “breads” and “cereals” next in proportion. The families at highest risk for poor nutrition quality of purchases were those with lower socioeconomic status, more children, and younger age of the primary shopper. This receipt collection system was successful in providing specific nutrition data on purchases of over 100 families. The assessment system is unique in that tracking of shopping patterns of individual families can be accomplished.