双心室起搏对慢性心力衰竭患者心肺功能的影响

目的　观察双心室起搏对慢性心力衰竭患者心肺功能的影响。方法　慢性心力衰竭伴室内传导阻滞患者 9例 ,全部植入三腔双心室起搏器 ,比较双心室起搏前后患者超声心动图、心肺功能的变化。结果　双心室同步起搏后 ,患者左室射血分数由术前 (2 1.6± 6 .7) %增加到 (2 7.3± 5 .2 ) % (术后 3月 ,P <0 .0 5 )、(2 9.5± 5 .4 ) % (术后 6月 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,6分钟步行距离由术前 (32 0± 97)m增加到 (384± 10 3)m(术后 3月 ,P <0 .0 1)、(4 13± 110 )m(术后 6月 ,P <0 .0 1) ,峰值氧耗量、摄氧效率斜率及每分通气量 /每分二氧化碳产生量斜率较术前均有显著增加。生活质量评分分别改善 30 % (术后 3月 ,P <0 .0 1)、2 8% (术后 6月 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　双心室起搏能有效改善慢性心衰患者心肺功能 ,增加运动能量 ,提高生活质量     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术108例术后疗效评价

目的 :评价经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术 (PBMV)后疗效。方法 :对 10 8例PBMV患者进行术后随访 (1月～ 5年 ) ,平均随访时间 (3 1± 0 6 )年。结果 :PBMV术前二尖瓣口面积 (MVOA) (1 2 2±0 34)cm2 ,术后显著扩在 (2 0 2± 0 2 9)cm2 ,与术前比较 ,P <0 0 1;术后随访 ,MVOA逐渐减少至(1 6 9± 0 2 8)cm2 ;再狭窄发生率为 13 9%。术后心功能改善Ⅰ级以上者 10 0 % ,1月～ 5年心功能仍维持在Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者占 87 0 %。结论 :PBMV术后疗效满意 ,未见严重并发症。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术37例分析

目的　观察风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊扩张术 (PBMV)的疗效。方法　对我院早期开展的 37例经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术进行了分析。结果　PBMV的成功率为 94 5 9%。血流动力学及心功能明显改善 ;平均左房压由术前的 (3 37± 0 85 )kPa ,降至 (1 5 0± 0 78)kPa(P <0 0 1) ;平均二尖瓣口面积由术前的 (1 0 3± 0 2 6 )cm2 增至(2 0 9± 0 38)cm2 (P <0 0 0 1) ;平均左房大小由术前 (4 6 5 0± 7 5 1)mm减至 (37 12± 6 2 1)mm(P <0 0 5 ) ;术后心功能明显改善 (P <0 0 5 )。仅 1例发生有症状的急性心包填塞 ,经紧急心包穿刺抽血减压后治愈 ,无其它严重并发症。结论　PBMV术成功率高 ,近期疗效好 ,严重并发症少     

QT离散度在扩张型心肌病心衰患者心功能分级及预后中的意义

目的 :探讨扩张型心肌病 (DCM)心衰患者QT间期离散度 (QTd)或JT间期离散度 (JTd)与心功能分级的相关性及其临床意义。方法 :测量并比较 4 6例DCM心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级患者 12导联心电图的QTd(JTd) ,比较QTd(JTd)与临床资料的相关性。结果 :35例DCM心功能Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级患者QTd 分别为 6 5 .38± 2 4 .30ms和 72 .10± 2 0 .95ms ,JTd 分别为 5 4.85± 2 5 .0 1ms和 5 6 .33± 2 1.30ms ,均明显高于心功能Ⅱ级 (41.6 7± 2 1.6 9ms,33.0± 17.5 1ms) (P <0 .0 1) ,心功能Ⅳ级QTd 与JTd 也高于心功能Ⅲ级 ,但无统计学意义。QTd(JTd)与左室内径及心胸比率呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,与左室射血分数呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。全组中死亡 7例 ,均为心功能Ⅳ级 ,死亡患者QTd(JTd)明显高于生存者 (78.12± 12 .5 0ms ,6 2 .32± 9.87ms,5 8.82± 2 1.36ms ,4 8.95± 2 3.2 1ms) (P <0 .0 1)。死亡患者 3例发生严重室性心律失常。结论 :DCM患者QTd(JTd)与心功能分级 ,心脏主要参数及死亡率有密切相关性。QTd(JTd)可作为判定DCM病情及预后的指标。     

经尿道汽化术加电切术治疗前列腺增生症228例报告

目的　探讨良性前列腺增生症 (BPH)的有效治疗方法。方法　采用经尿道前列腺汽化 (TUVP)加经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)联合治疗BPH患者 2 2 8例。结果　疗效满意 ,术后 3个月随访前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)由术前 2 6 .5±2 .5分降至 7± 0 .4分 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,生活质量评分 (QOL)由术前 4 .5± 0 .2分降至 1 .8± 0 .1 7分 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,剩余尿量由术前 1 1 5± 1 8ml降至 2 5± 2 .3ml(P <0 .0 1 )。且无严重并发症发生。结论　TUVP加TURP是一种治疗BPH安全性高 ,并发症少、疗效确切的新方法。术中冲洗液加温非常重要     

经尿道气化电切术治疗高龄高危前列腺增生症

目的　探讨经尿道气化电切术治疗高龄高危前列腺增生症 (BPH)的方法和疗效。方法　采用经尿道前列腺气化电切术治疗高龄高危BPH患者 87例。结果　全部病例均顺利耐受手术。前列腺重 2 2～ 12 8g ,平均 35 .7g ,切除腺体组织重量 9～ 6 1g ,平均 32g。手术时间 2 1～ 87min ,平均 4 9min。国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)由术前的 2 6 .8± 4 .2分降至术后 9.3± 3.7分 (t=- 2 7.5 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;生活质量评分 (QOL)由术前的 5 .9± 0 .8分降至术后 2 .1± 0 .5分 (t=- 2 9.93,P <0 .0 1) ;最大尿流率 (MFR)由术前的 5 .6± 3.7ml s升至术后 18.4± 4 .1ml s(t=14 .95 ,P <0 .0 1) ,平均尿流率 (AFR)由术前的 2 .8± 0 .9ml s升至术后 10 .1± 2 .1ml s(t=17.6 7,P <0 .0 1) ;剩余尿量 (RU)由术前的 183± 6 9.3ml降至术后 35 .2± 16 .3ml(t=- 9.6 4,P <0 .0 1)。随访 3～ 2 4月 ,平均 19月 ,排尿通畅。结论　经尿道前列腺气化电切术是治疗高龄高危BPH患者安全有效的方法     

经尿道前列腺电汽化切除术治疗前列腺增生症 1 33例

目的　评价经尿道前列腺电汽化切除术治疗前列腺增生症的疗效。方法　采用经尿道前列腺电汽化切除术治疗前列腺增生症患者 1 33例。结果　随访 1～ 6个月 ,术后国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)由术前 2 8.9± 1 .1分下降至术后 1 3 .1± 2 .2分 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,最大尿流率由术前 6 .3± 1 .7ml·s- 1 上升至术后 1 3 .6± 2 .5ml·s- 1 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,膀胱残余尿由术前 1 80± 70ml下降至术后 30± 1 5ml(P <0 .0 5)。结论　此术疗效显著 ,无需输血 ,并发症少 ,恢复快     

胃起搏前后胃瘫犬胃排空和血浆胃动素的关系

目的　探索胃起搏对胃瘫犬胃排空和血浆胃动素的影响 ,及起搏治疗前后胃排空与血浆胃动素浓度的关系。方法　采用双侧迷走神经干切断术联合应用胰高血糖素建立胃瘫犬模型 ;采用放射性核素99mTc 植酸钠标记的半固体试餐 ,计算机断层摄影显像技术 (SPECT)检测术前、术后及起搏治疗后的胃半排时间 (GEt1/ 2 ) ,同期应用放免法 (RIA)测定血浆胃动素 (MTL)含量 ;采用适宜的起搏参数从胃体、胃窦在腹部体表的投影部位输入起搏信号 ,驱动胃电节律。结果　模型犬术后的GEt1/ 2 (79.4 2± 1.91)min较术前 (5 6 .35± 2 .99)min ,P <0 .0 0 1明显延迟 ,血浆MTL含量 (2 4 2 .0 9± 17.2 2 ) pg/ml显著高于术前 (184 .2 9± 9.81) pg/ml,P <0 .0 1,且胃排空与MTL呈负相关 ;但行胃起搏治疗后 ,模型犬的GEt1/ 2 (6 4 .94± 1.75 )min ,P <0 .0 0 1和血浆MTL含量 (2 12 .5 5± 11.2 0 )pg/ml,P <0 .0 2明显低于治疗前 ,且胃排空与MTL呈正相关。 结论　胃起搏可加速胃排空 ,恢复或改变胃肠功能活动 ;胃起搏前后 ,血浆MTL含量与胃排空有相关性 ,MTL可能参与了胃起搏的作用机制过程     

充血性心衰患者血浆内皮素,降钙素基因相关肽和神经肽的变化

目的 :研究充血性心衰患者治疗前后内皮素 (ET)、降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)、神经肽Y(NPY)的变化 .方法 :充血性心衰患者 4 2 (男 3 1,女 11)例 ,年龄 (47± 12 )岁 ,包括肺心病 10例、风心病 19例 ,扩张型心肌病 13例 ;心功能NYHAⅡ级 14例 ,Ⅲ级 2 3例和Ⅳ级 5例 ,应用常规抗心衰等治疗 .无心血管疾病的对照 2 2 (男 16,女 6)例 ,年龄 (45± 10 )岁 .入院后次日和治疗 4wk后晨 0 7 0 0空腹采肘正中静脉血标本 3mL ,用放射免疫测定方法测定血浆中血浆ET ,CGRP和NPY含量 .结果 :经过内科常规治疗 4wk后 ,4 2例患者均有效 ,心功能NYHAⅠ级 9例 ,Ⅱ级 2 8例 ,Ⅲ级 4例和Ⅳ级 1例 .患者治疗后ET(112± 2 8vs 74± 15 ,P<0 .0 1) ,CGRP(89± 2 9vs 67± 18,P <0 .0 1)和NPY(186± 19vs13 9± 17,P <0 .0 1)含量 (μg·L-1)明显下降 ,与对照比较无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,且ET ,CGRP和NPY三者均明显相关 (r =0 .4 3 6～ 0 .4 5 6,P <0 .0 5 ) .结论 :血浆ET、CGRP)和NPY含量在充血性心衰明显升高 ,治疗好转后可恢复正常 ,提示它们与充血性心衰的发生发展相关     

PRK中不同去角膜上皮方法的比较

目的　比较光屈光性角膜切削术 (PRK)中机械去上皮法与激光去上皮法的优劣。　方法　将行PRK的患者分为机械去上皮组和激光去上皮组 (简称机械组和激光组 ) ,术后随访 1年 ,对两组的术后角膜上皮愈合时间、Haze发生程度、最佳矫正视力 (BCVA)恢复时间进行比较。　结果　①角膜上皮愈合时间 :激光组平均 2 .8± 0 .6d ,机械组平均 3.7± 0 .5d(t=5 .15 3,P <0 .0 1) ,两组有显著性差异。②角膜上皮下雾状混浊 (Haze)发生程度 :术后 6个月激光组 0级 2 4例 ,1级 16例 ;机械组 0级 12例 ,1级 2 6例 ,2级 2例(χ2 =7.2 7,P <0 .0 5 ) ;术后 1年激光组 0级 34例 ,1级 6例 ;机械组 0级 2 2例 ,1级 18例 (χ2 =7.2 7,P <0 .0 5 )两组差异有显著性意义。③BCVA恢复时间 :激光组平均 2 2 .8± 15 .3d ,机械组平均 35 .3± 2 1.8d(t=0 .4 2 0 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,两组差异无统计学意义。　结论　在PRK手术中采用激光去上皮法 ,可缩短角膜上皮愈合时间 ,有效地减少Haze发生及其程度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.