改良经阴道早期膀胱阴道瘘修补术临床疗效分析

目的 探讨妇产科手术致膀胱阴道瘘后早期施行改良经阴道修补术的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析46例膀胱阴道瘘患者的临床资料,按修补术距漏尿发生的时间分为两组：研究组（n=23）为确诊后即刻行修补术;对照组（n=23）为确诊后等待3～6个月后行修补术。分析两组患者手术成功率、出血量、手术时间、住院时间、复发率、并发症及满意度。结果 两组患者手术成功率（91.3%, 95.6%）、术中出血量[（36.7±7.4） ml,(37.0±6.4) ml]、手术时间[（50.3±7.1） min,(51.4±8.4) min]、住院时间[（16.6±1.8） d,(17.1±2.4) d]比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。研究组患者行为限制、心理影响明显优于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 妇产科手术损伤所致的膀胱阴道瘘,早期施行改良经阴道修补手术,疗效满意,无需等待3个月或以上。     

保留瘘管经阴道途径修补膀胱阴道瘘10例临床分析

目的:探讨经阴道保留瘘管修补膀胱阴道瘘的方法和优越性.方法:10例确诊的膀胱阴道瘘患者,病史4个月至18年,全部经阴道途径行膀胱阴道瘘修补术,其中多个瘘口2例,单一瘘口8例,共10例14个瘘口.结果:全部病例均未切除瘘管,一次修补成功9例,二次修补成功1例,手术时间平均50±8.3分钟,术中出血10～30 ml,术后平均住院天数3.5天,随访3个月到半年无复发.结论:经阴道途径修补膀胱阴道瘘不仅具有创伤小、手术时间短的优点,而且手术成功率高,保留瘘管不切除并不导致手术失败率增加,但可减少手术时间及降低手术难度.     

复杂膀胱阴道瘘阴道修补手术要点及预后

复杂膀胱阴道瘘因瘘孔修复失败率高成为妇科及泌尿外科共同的难题,如何提高手术成功率是医务人员关心的问题。该文从手术时机和手术策略的选择、术中手术要点、影响预后的因素四方面总结经阴道途径的复杂膀胱阴道瘘的治疗经验,为临床工作者提供参考。     

膀胱阴道瘘腹腔镜下修补适应证及手术要点

产伤及妇科手术可导致膀胱损伤。该文从上述脏器损伤的原因、特点入手,探讨了腹腔镜下相应的处理方法及策略。     

输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管膀胱阴道瘘1例

患者 44岁。因阴道漏尿 13年,于 2004年 1月 30日入院。19岁结婚,孕 6产 4,剖宫产 2次,平产 2次。13年前末次妊娠在家分娩失败, 2d后在县医院剖宫产 1死婴,产后即出现阴道漏尿,未予治疗。5年前在当地县医院行膀胱切开取石并修补瘘孔,无效。绝经 2年。体查:下腹正中 13cm长手术瘢痕,宽度 3cm,外阴皮炎,阴道前穹窿消失,偏左处见 1 5cm直径凹陷,此处见清亮尿液流出,金属导尿管自尿道外口探入约 4cm,可达瘘孔处。膀胱镜检:膀胱黏膜光滑,膀胱前壁显示手术后改变。膀胱内未见结石及新生物,右侧输尿管口清晰,喷尿清,左侧输尿管开口未见,相当于…     

膀胱阴道瘘阴道修补术适应证及手术要点

膀胱阴道瘘经阴道自然腔隙修补术,是具微创意义的手术方式。大多数膀胱阴道瘘均可经阴道修补成功。文章通过复习文献同时结合作者经验,总结了膀胱阴道瘘经阴道修补手术的适应证及手术要点。     

重视膀胱阴道瘘诊治

生殖道与泌尿道之间的任何部位异常通道均构成了尿瘘,尿液自阴道排出,不能控制。尿瘘可发生在生殖道与泌尿道之间的任何部位,除外少数因为恶性肿瘤和结核等疾病所致尿瘘外,更多地与妇科手术与产科操作有关,也是妇产科医生容易面对医疗纠纷的疾病。因临床所遇病例不多,妇产科医生普遍存在尿瘘知识更新不够等问题。在该领域的专业机构为国际尿控学会（ International Continence Society, ICS）下属的瘘委员会（Fistula Committee）和国际产科瘘学会(International Society of Obstetric Fistula Surgeons, ISOFS),对瘘的诊治进行专科培训和知识进展更新。现将在尿瘘诊治方面国际更新的内容分述如下。     

经皮双肾造瘘治疗妇科肿瘤术后膀胱阴道瘘3例报道

目的:探讨介入手术下经皮双肾造瘘术在妇科肿瘤术后治疗膀胱阴道瘘(VVF)中的应用。方法:回顾性收集2015年7月至2018年6月贵州省肿瘤医院妇瘤外科经妇科检查、膀胱镜及影像学检查确诊为膀胱阴道瘘患者3例,均接受介入下经皮双肾造瘘术治疗,观察患者的症状改善情况和术后并发症。对其治疗方法进行分析,并记录手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间,术后随访6～12个月。结果:3例患者手术均获成功,无一例再次行常规手术治疗。手术时间30～65min(平均47min),出血量15～40ml(平均27ml),术后住院时间6～10d(平均7.8d)。随访6～12个月(平均8.6个月),无一例出现漏尿和再次置管。结论:介入下经皮双肾造瘘术治疗膀胱阴道瘘具有创伤小、患者恢复快、疗效确切等优点,是一种安全有效的方法。     

膀胱阴道瘘34例病因及处理

目的探讨膀胱阴道瘘的病因及治疗方式。方法回顾性分析1964-2005第三军医大学大坪医院34例膀胱阴道瘘患者的临床表现、治疗措施及效果。结果本资料显示1990年前膀胱阴道瘘患者病因主要为产科因素，占83．3％，而1990年后妇科手术则成为主要病因，占70．0％。手术治疗30例，一次修补成功23例，其中经阴道修补9例，腹膜内经膀胱修补5例，腹膜外经膀胱修补9例，二次修补成功7例，1例均经阴道进行，6例先后经膀胱或阴道修补成功。结论目前妇科手术为膀胱阴道瘘的主要病因，且瘘口相对简单，其治疗措施仍以手术为主；提高产科质量及妇科操作技能是预防本病的关键。     

Congenital vesicovaginal fistula with menouria: an anomaly of the urogenital sinus

Objective

To describe the diagnostic and therapeutic process for a congenital exceptional anomaly. To analyze the pathogenesis of the embryologic anomalies associated with menouria and congenital vesicovaginal fistula (VVF).

Study design

The case of a 28-year-old female with menouria and impossibility of consummating coitus is described. The diagnostic method is analyzed. The type of treatment is described and finally we conclude with a hypothesis about embryology of congenital anomalies with VVF and menouria.

Results

For management of anomalies as congenital VVF, imaging tests including cystography and urography could not correctly visualize the fistulous tract. It was identified by cystoscopy, performed during the time of menouria. Surgical treatment consisted in repairing the VVF and vaginoplasty according to the McIndoe technique.

Conclusions

All women with menouria need complete investigation with exhaustive exploration, analytic evaluation, ultrasound, imaging tests (principally magnetic resonance) and, very importantly, cystoscopy on the days of menouria. Surgical treatment must be careful and individualized. This case allows us to hypothesise that the blind vagina encountered reflects an anomaly of correct urogenital sinus development.     

Early surgical repair of iatrogenic ureterovaginal fistula secondary to gynecologic surgery

Objective

To describe the early surgical repair of iatrogenic ureterovaginal fistula (UVF) secondary to gynecologic surgery, and evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of early surgical intervention.

Methods

Data were retrospectively reviewed for 52 patients with iatrogenic UVF who underwent early surgical repair between January 1996 and January 2011 at the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China. Preoperative patient characteristics and postoperative endpoints, including type of index procedure, repair technique, operative time, perioperative complications, and postoperative follow-up data were assessed.

Results

All early surgical repairs were uneventful. The mean time from diagnosis to surgery was 15.7 days (range, 14–21 days). The mean operative time was 73.4 min (range, 51–110 min) for ureteroneocystostomy, and 104 min (range, 91.5–153 min) for Boari flap procedure. The mean estimated blood loss was 57.8 mL (range, 35–80 mL). No major intraoperative complications occurred, although 5 patients had postoperative surgical site infections. Forty-three patients were followed for a mean of 18.4 months (range, 10.5–24.0 months). Ureteral stricture with asymptomatic hydronephrosis occurred in 2 (4.7%) patients. Ipsilateral renal function was preserved in all patients.

Conclusion

Early surgical repair of UVF secondary to gynecologic surgery was safe and effective, and preserved ipsilateral renal function.     

医源性尿瘘预防与新的尿瘘治疗方法

分娩损伤及妇科手术损伤是医源性尿瘘的主要病因,针对病因的预防措施是降低医源性尿瘘的根本所在。随着现代医学的进步和科学技术的日新月异,机器人辅助内镜手术将成为未来治疗的趋势。     

泌尿生殖道瘘的病因及类型

泌尿生殖道瘘指泌尿系统及生殖系统之间存在的异常通道。分娩、手术损伤、先天发育异常、盆腔炎症疾病及肿瘤是出现泌尿生殖道瘘的重要因素。膀胱阴道瘘、输尿管阴道瘘、尿道阴道瘘、膀胱子宫瘘均是泌尿生殖道瘘的常见类型,该文将概括介绍其发病原因、危险因素及诊断方法等。