电磁场生物效应的细胞膜及蛋白激酶信号转导机制研究

环境中低强度的电磁场通常通过细胞膜将物理信号转化成生物信号，进而经细胞内信号转导途径，尤其是蛋白激酶相关途径进行传递，最终产生生物效应的模式是可能的作用机制，也是目前生物电磁学研究的热点之一。本就电磁场与细胞膜及蛋白激酶相关的信号转导的研究作了综述。     

弱电磁场与生命系统相互作用的动力学基础——生物代谢动态过程中的电磁干扰

近年来弱电磁场引起的非热生物效应又引起了人们的极大关注，关于非热生物效应的争论也很多。本文将生命系统看作一个由许多非平衡子系统构成的一个复杂系统，从电磁场对生物大分子和化学键的影响论述了电磁场对新陈代谢的干扰，提出了这种干扰导致生物能量贮存的释放的变化，从而产生非热效应的概念。文中的许多假设有待深入的理论研究和实验证实。     

电磁场生物效应的细胞膜及蛋白激酶信号转导机制研究

环境中低强度的电磁场通常通过细胞膜将物理信号转化成生物信号,进而经细胞内信号 转导途径,尤其是蛋白激酶相关途径进行传递,最终产生生物效应的模式是可能的作用机制,也是目前 生物电磁学研究的热点之一。本文就电磁场与细胞膜及蛋白激酶相关的信号转导的研究作了综述。     

电磁生物学的基本问题

电磁场对生物的影响是当今引人注目的新课题。苏联和美国在研究天然与人工电磁场对不同生物系统影响的电磁生物学中居领先地位。制订人工电磁场的卫生学标准十分重要,因为它们能改变地球上天然电磁的本底,改变生物界的生活条件,并从而影响各个水平的生物系统,从细胞膜到整个生物圈。人工电磁场卫生学标准的制订是个非常复杂的问题,苏联与美国微波标准之间的巨大差别(1000倍)便是一个很好的例证,而另一个实例则是仅有苏联制订了磁场标准。研究电磁场影响的生物学机理须要国际间以及学科间的紧密合作,这不止是为解决重要的生物学理论问题,也是为了解决卫生学、诊断与治疗的实际问题。大量的研究表明,许多种类生物组织对     

弱电磁场与生命系统相互作用的动力学基础—生物代谢动态…

近年来弱电磁场引起的非热性物效应又引起了人们的极大关注，关于非热性生物效应的争论也很多，本文将生命系统看作一个由许多非平衡子系统构成的一个复杂系统，从电磁场对生物大分子和化学键的影响论述了电磁场对新陈代谢的干扰，提出了这种干扰导致生物能量贮存的释放的变化，从而产生非热效庆的概念，文中的许多假设有待深入的理论研究和实验证实。     

低频电磁场与细胞信号系统

１引言在２０世纪,环境中的低频电磁场的强度已经大大增强。环境中的低频电磁场主要起源于电的传送,电的分配及电的使用。近年来的研究表明低频电磁场的生物效应是明显的。ＬｉｂｏｆｆＡ在１９８４年报道了交变电磁场对ＤＮＡ合成的影响［１］。ＳｍｉｔｈＳ．等在１９...     

生物医学电磁学——非热效应现象与机理

电磁场与生物体的相互作用，除了生物热效应外，还有生物电磁的非热效应。本文着重讨论了生物医学电磁学中的非热效应及其机理。由于生物电磁的非热效应通常是发生在分子及细胞一级的水平上，因此对其机制的研究涉及到物理学、化学和生物学的许多相关理论。本文论述了在分子一级的回旋加速器共振、参量共振、核磁共振等物理效应，讨论了细胞对电磁场反应的放大作用、跨膜信息发放的生物物理模型。生物电磁学的非热效应现象及其机理的研究起步比较晚，理论和实践均有相当的困难，但随着研究的深入，电磁场与生命物质相互作用的奥秘必将揭开，生物电磁学也将有更为广阔的实用前景。     

电磁场在生物医学中的应用

１引言近百年来,人们对随时间作简谐变化的电磁场即连续波电磁场对生物体的各种影响进行了较充分的研究,其在生物医学中的应用也取得了重大进展,形成了一门较为完整的生物电磁学分支,它经历了从热效应到非热效应,从动物活体到细胞及生物大分子,从生物效应到临床应用...     

低强度极低频电磁场生物效应及特点

低强度极低频电磁场生物效应及特点陈国璋，姜槐（浙江医科大学微波研究室杭州３１０００６）高强度电磁场对生物体的热效应和激发的神经细胞兴奋的作用是众所周知的，但近十多年来大量的实验研究和流行病学调查证明低强度极低频电磁场也有生物学作用。这里低强度是指不使...     

从电磁学观点探讨生命现象

目前在国际上开始重视生物机体的物理调节。本文从生物分子水平、细胞水平和器官水平介绍了生物体中存在着不同层次的电磁场，介绍了自然界电磁场和各种电磁波治疗仪的医学生物学效应以及弱电磁场引起生物效应的可能机制和有关理论。最后从电磁学观点对某些气功现象进行了分析。     

羟基磷灰石基人工骨的研究进展

目的 研究羟基磷灰石基人工骨作为最有发展前途的生物硬组织替代材料之一，在生物医用材料和医学研究领域的应用。方法制备具有良好生物相容性、力学性能、骨诱导性与治疗功能的羟基磷灰石基人工骨，用于人体骨组织的缺失的修复，及相关疾病的治疗。结果通过制备性能优良的羟基磷灰石粉体，结合纳米技术、组织工程技术和生物技术将不同材料通过合适的方法组合成羟摹磷灰石人工骨，从而获得良好的临床应用性能。结论从临床角度，综合了国内外近十年相关文献的基础上，评述了羟基磷灰石人工骨的研究进展。     

电磁场对骨组织和成骨细胞的作用

电学环境是骨组织所处的重要微环境之一 ,外加电磁场对骨组织和成骨细胞有重要作用。临床上电磁场已被用于治疗骨折、骨不连、骨质疏松等骨科病症 ,并已取得满意的效果。本文综述了电磁场对骨组织和成骨细胞的影响及机理 ,并对电磁场对骨组织工程化培养的意义进行了探索     

Effects and differentiation activity of IGF-I,IGF-II,insulin and preptin on human primary bone cells

The importance of the complex interrelated regulatory pathways involving IGF factors and pancreatic hormones can be observed in several metabolic diseases, where the deregulation of these factors has a wide impact on bone health. These findings have stimulated us to compare the effect of IGF-I, IGF-II, insulin and preptin on human bone cells. The effect on cell differentiation and cell activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts has been analysed. We have observed a significant effect by IGF-I, a modest effect by IGF-II and preptin and no effect after insulin administration on human primary osteoblast-like cells. All studied factors have shown an induction on human primary osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity, with IGF-I being the most potent factor. We hypothesize that these findings may be on the basis of decreased bone mass density observed in several diseases.     

A theoretical model based upon mast cells and histamine to explain the recently proclaimed sensitivity to electric and/or magnetic fields in humans

The relationship between exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and human health is more and more in focus. This is mainly because of the rapid increasing use of such EMFs within our modern society. Exposure to EMFs has been linked to different cancer forms, e.g. leukemia, brain tumors, neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, asthma and allergy, and recently to the phenomena of 'electrosupersensitivity' and 'screen dermatitis'. There is an increasing number of reports about cutaneous problems as well as symptoms from internal organs, such as the heart, in people exposed to video display terminals (VDTs). These people suffer from subjective and objective skin and mucosa-related symptoms, such as itch, heat sensation, pain, erythema, papules and pustules. In severe cases, people can not, for instance, use VDTs or artificial light at all, or be close to mobile telephones. Mast cells (MCs), when activated, release a spectrum of mediators, among them histamine, which is involved in a variety of biological effects with clinical relevance, e.g. allergic hypersensitivity, itch, edema, local erythema and many types of dermatoses. From the results of recent studies, it is clear that EMFs affect the MC, and also the dendritic cell, population and may degranulate these cells. The release of inflammatory substances, such as histamine, from MCs in the skin results in a local erythema, edema and sensation of itch and pain, and the release of somatostatin from the dendritic cells may give rise to subjective sensations of on-going inflammation and sensitivity to ordinary light. These are, as mentioned, the common symptoms reported from patients suffering from 'electrosupersensitivity'/'screen dermatitis'. MCs are also present in the heart tissue and their localization is of particular relevance to their function. Data from studies made on interactions of EMFs with the cardiac function have demonstrated that highly interesting changes are present in the heart after exposure to EMFs. One could speculate that the cardiac MCs are responsible for these changes due to degranulation after exposure to EMFs. However, it is still not known how, and through which mechanisms, all these different cells are affected by EMFs. In this article, we present a theoretical model, based upon observations on EMFs and their cellular effects, to explain the proclaimed sensitivity to electric and/or magnetic fields in humans.     

微重力环境下MicroRNA调控成骨细胞分化研究进展

MicroRNA(miRNA)是生物学过程中基因表达的重要调控分子,但miRNA在骨组织代谢过程中发挥的重要调控作用尚未完全阐明。综述现阶段miRNA在微重力环境下对成骨细胞分化的调控作用,对miRNA的调控作用分为正负两类分别进行归纳,重点介绍不同基因的作用机制,并列举在微重力环境下对骨组织代谢有重要影响的一些miRNA分子。微重力环境下miRNA对骨组织代谢性疾病具有比较重要的调控作用,其相关研究对预防及治疗失重性骨质缺失病症意义重大。     

Notch信号通路在骨重建中的作用

Notch信号通路在胚胎发育、神经系统、血管系统、内分泌系统及肿瘤等领域具有广泛的影响。近年来的研究表明,Notch对于骨组织代谢尤其是骨重建有着重要的调控作用,而骨重建的调节紊乱和骨质疏松、骨关节炎等疾病的进展密切相关。Notch信号通路可以通过调控骨组织不同细胞的功能从而影响骨重建过程,但其在不同细胞中具体的参与方式仍然未知。综述近年来Notch信号通路在骨重建中的作用研究进展。     

Systemic aspects of allergic disease: the role of the bone marrow

In recent years, there has been an increasing appreciation of the important contribution of bone-marrow-related, hemopoietic mechanisms to allergic diseases. Eosinophil/basophil-progenitor levels fluctuate in the peripheral blood during allergen exposure and the cells home to peripheral tissue, where they differentiate. It is becoming apparent that several cytokines, particularly IL-5, have multiple effects on progenitors and allergic inflammation. Within the past few years, studies of the therapeutic implications of this bone marrow contribution to atopy have been initiated; the effects of corticosteroids, leukotriene-receptor blockers, antagonism of IL-5 and modulation of differentiation by retinoic acid on progenitors will be reviewed.     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白2联合自体骨行椎间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核

文题释义：重组人骨形态发生蛋白2：是一种利用基因重组技术在体外克隆出来的蛋白,属于骨形态发生蛋白家族中活性最强的成员,是骨形成中重要的调控因子。它能够将体内未分化的间充质干细胞定向诱导分化为骨细胞,形成新生骨和软骨,促进骨组织修复。 椎间植骨融合术：是临床上重建和保持脊柱稳定性的手术方式,它不但能够恢复脊柱的稳定性,避免因脊柱不稳带来的疼痛,而且能维持椎体和椎间孔的高度,降低神经根压迫的风险,能够起保护神经功能和保证远期疗效作用。 背景：重组人骨形态发生蛋白2(recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2, rhBMP-2)联合自体骨行椎间植骨融合术治疗腰椎滑脱、椎管狭窄、椎间盘突出等脊柱退行性变疾病的疗效和安全性已经得到认可,但对于治疗脊柱结核等脊柱感染性疾病的疗效和安全性少有临床研究。 目的：评价rhBMP-2联合自体骨行椎间植骨融合术对脊柱结核的临床疗效及其安全性。 方法：回顾性分析2010年11月至2018年5月广州中医药大学第一附属医院收治的胸腰椎结核患者的临床资料,所有患者均采用后路经椎弓根螺钉内固定+植骨融合术,根据植骨时是否使用rhBMP-2将其分为2组,试验组33例采用1 mg rhBMP-2联合自体骨植入大小适宜的支撑体中,对照组35例单纯用自体骨植入支撑体。术后随访1年以上,并对术前、术后疼痛目测类比评分、脊髓损伤ASIA分级、围术期并发症以及融合率进行统计学分析。研究通过广州中医药大学第一附属医院伦理委员会的批准,患者对治疗方案均知情同意。 结果与结论：①所有患者均完成1年以上的随访,随访中未发现内固定断裂移动和椎体的明显塌陷;②两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、围术期并发症比例差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③两组术后1周和术后1年的目测类比评分、ASIA分级与术前相比,有显著改善(P < 0.05),但两组之间对比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④在融合率方面,试验组术后6个月的融合率明显高于对照组(P < 0.05),然而,两组术后1年的融合率比较却无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。提示：rhBMP-2联合自体骨行植骨融合术治疗胸腰椎结核能在短期内加快骨性融合,具有良好的疗效和安全性。 ORCID: 0000-0002-3809-4431(翁汭) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Osteocytes: central conductors of bone biology in normal and pathological conditions

Osteocytes are the most abundant and longest-living cells in the adult skeleton. For a long time, osteocytes were considered static and inactive cells, but in recent years, it has been suggested that they represent the key responder to various stimuli that regulate bone formation and remodelling as well as one of the key endocrine regulators of bone metabolism. Osteocytes respond to mechanical stimuli by producing and secreting several signalling molecules, such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) , that initiate local bone remodelling. Moreover, they can control bone formation by modulating the WNT signalling pathway, an essential regulator of cell fate and commitment, as they represent the main source of sclerostin, a negative regulator of bone formation. Osteocytes can also act as an endocrine organ by releasing fibroblast growth factor 23 and several other proteins (DMP-1, MEPE, PHEX) that regulate phosphate metabolism. It has been demonstrated that various bone diseases are associated with osteocyte abnormalities, although it is not clear if these changes are the direct cause of the pathology or if they are secondary to the pathological changes in the bone microenvironment. Thus, a better understanding of these cells could offer exciting opportunities for new advances in the prevention and management of different bone diseases.