尿激酶与生理盐水封管预防白血病患者PICC堵管对照研究

目的 探讨尿激酶预防性封管与生理盐水封管预防白血病患者经外周置入中心静脉导管(PICC)堵管发生率及尿激酶预防性封管和溶栓前后对激活的部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)及凝血酶原时间(PT)的影响.方法 将50例患者随机分为对照组和观察组各25例,观察组用尿激酶预防性封管,对照组用生理盐水封管,观察两组堵管发生率;同时对尿激酶预防性封管及溶栓前后APTT及PT进行监测.结果 两组患者堵管发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);尿激酶封管及溶栓前后APTT及PT变化不显著(均P>0.05).结论 小剂量尿激酶进行PICC封管不影响患者APTT及PT值,亦不能显著降低堵管发生率.     

不同剂量肝素钠脐静脉导管封管效果比较

目的探讨肝素钠对新生儿的影响,以选择适合新生儿脐静脉导管的封管液。方法选择留置脐静脉导管的危重新生儿60例,按随机数字表法分为观察Ⅰ组和观察Ⅱ组各30例,观察I组用25U肝素液,观察Ⅱ组用50U肝素液脉冲正压封管;封管前后分别经外周血管采血检测血小板参数（PLT、PCT、PDw）和凝血功能（PTA、PTR、PT、INR、APTT、FIB、TT）;置管期间全程观察患儿有无出血倾向和导管通畅等情况。结果两组均未出现皮肤淤斑、注射穿刺处拔针后出血不止等现象,未发生堵管;封管前后PLT、PCT、PDW值和PTA、PTR、PT、INR、APTT、FIB、TT值比较,差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）;观察Ⅰ组封管前后PT变化曲线与观察Ⅱ组相比,接近相交点较多,曲线较少分离。结论脐静脉导管使用小剂量（25u）肝素液脉冲式正压封管有效,安全。     

无肝素连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过在高危出血患者中的应用

目的探讨对高危出血倾向患者行无肝素连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗的可能性。方法37例患者共行CVVH治疗75例次,分为观察组和对照组。观察组43例次,有高危出血倾向,采用无肝素抗凝;对照组32例次,采用低分子量肝素钙抗凝。回顾性分析2组相关临床指标。结果2组治疗后血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）均降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,2组SCr、BUN下降率均无统计学差异（P〉O．05）;观察组治疗前、后凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,对照组治疗后PT、APTT较治疗前延长,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组有凝血功能障碍的患者管路和滤器使用寿命与对照组无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,观察组无凝血功能障碍的患者管路和滤器使用寿命短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论无肝素抗凝技术用于高危出血倾向患者的CVVH治疗疗效肯定,并无增加出血的风险。     

预充式导管冲洗器预防PICC堵管的效果观察

目的探讨预充式导管冲洗器应用于经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)冲管和封管的临床效果。方法将109例PICC留置患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组(55例)和对照组(54例)。每次输血、给药后观察组使用预充式导管冲洗器进行冲管和封管,对照组使用普通10 ml注射器抽取生理盐水冲管后再抽取肝素封管液进行封管。观察两组堵管发生率及导管留置时间。结果观察组堵管发生率为5.45%,导管留置时间为(55.49±3.61)d;对照组分别为25.93%、(47.32±2.68)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。观察组堵管等级显著轻于对照组(P<0.01)。结论使用预充式导管冲洗器对PICC进行冲管和封管,可有效减少堵管发生率,延长带管时间,且安全可靠。     

两种溶栓方法治疗深静脉置管功能不良的疗效观察

目的使用尿激酶持续泵入法与常规封管溶栓法对深静脉置管功能不良的疗效比较,以期解决局部尿激酶溶栓疗效不佳、易复发的局限性。方法选择2010年1月至2013年12月在解放军第401医院使用深静脉留置导管进行血液透析治疗,临床诊断导管功能不良的42例患者随机分为A组和B组,每组21例。A组使用10万单位尿激酶溶入生理盐水50 ml,持续微量泵2 h泵入动静脉端;B组使用10万单位尿激酶溶于4 ml生理盐水中动静脉端局部封管2 h,比较2组溶栓疗效及凝血指标。结果 A组溶栓后通畅率95.2%,平均血流量（232.0±22.4）ml/min。B组溶栓后通畅率90.5%,平均血流量（219±25.0）ml/min。2组溶栓后通畅率及血流量差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。溶栓成功后15 d,A组通畅率85.7%,B组通畅率61.9%;2组患者通畅率差异有统计学意义。其中 A组患者溶栓当天及溶栓第15天后导管功能良好率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,但B组患者溶栓当天及溶栓后第15天导管功能良好率有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。2组患者未出现出血、发热、皮疹、过敏等明显的不良反应。结论尿激酶持续泵入法比局部封管溶栓法治疗成功率高,15 d 后通畅率高,无明显不良反应。     

气流冲击振动联合三通负压技术在PICC堵管中的应用研究

目的 探讨气流冲击振动与三通负压技术联合应用在PICC堵管溶栓中的有效性。方法 将PICC维护门诊就诊的PICC完全堵塞患者87例,按就诊时间先后分为对照组(36例)和观察组(51例)。对照组采用三通负压技术溶栓;观察组采用气流冲击振动联合三通负压技术溶栓。两组单日持续溶栓最长4 h,不成功者PICC余腔用尿激酶稀释液封管,第2天再进行4 h的溶栓,仍未见效者汇报医生,采取其他处理。比较两组患者单日门诊溶栓成功率、溶栓总成功率、溶栓成功耗时。结果 观察组单日溶栓成功率、溶栓总成功率显著高于对照组,溶栓成功耗时显著短于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 气流冲击振动联合三通负压技术在PICC堵管的应用,可以提升溶栓成功率,缩短溶栓时间。     

活血复元汤配合低分子肝素钠预防人工髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的：探讨人工髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成的中西医结合的预防方法。方法：本组112例随机分为2组：预防组52例和对照组60例。预防组联合应用活血复元汤及低分子肝素钠，对照组单纯采用低分子肝素钠进行预防。比较治疗前后两组患者DVT发生率、血液流变学、血浆活化的部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）及血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）等指标变化的差异。结果：①DVT的发生率预防组为3.85％，对照组为8．33％，两者比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。②预防组用药后血液流变学各项指标与术后2d比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），与对照组比较差异亦有显著性意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。③预防组用药后APTT、和PT明显延长，与术后2d比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01），与对照组比较差异亦有显著性意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：活血复元汤配合低分子肝素钠可有效预防人工髋关节詈换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成。     

早期功能锻炼预防PICC置管后肢体肿胀效果观察

目的观察早期功能锻炼预防经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC）后致肢体肿胀的效果。方法将86例PICC患者随机分为对照组（50倒）和观察组（36例）。观察组置管后24h指导患者进行功能锻炼，对照组仅给予一般指导。结果对照组肿胀发生率22．0％，观察组为2．8％，两组比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。两组渗血发生率及置管后4周与置管初始置入导管长度比较，差异无显著性意义（均P〉0．05）。结论早期指导PICC患者进行功能锻炼，能有效预防肢体肿胀的发生，且不引起渗血及导管脱出或进入，具有安全、操作简便等优点。     

重组人组织型纤溶酶原激酶衍生物治疗下肢深静脉血栓的临床疗效

目的 探讨重组人组织型纤溶酶原激酶（rt-PA）衍生物溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）患者的疗效及安全性。方法 收集2021年11月至2022年5月于郑州大学第一附属医院行导管接触性溶栓（CDT）的41例下肢DVT患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式的不同将其分为观察组（n=16,采用rt-PA衍生物联合阿加曲班泵入）和对照组[n=25,采用尿激酶（UK）联合阿加曲班泵入]。比较两组患者大腿及小腿消肿率、凝血酶原时间（PT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、血小板计数（PLT）、置管溶栓时间、住院时间、住院费用及并发症发生率。结果 溶栓后,两组患者PT均长于本组溶栓前,且观察组患者长于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者FIB低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者住院时间、置管溶栓时间均短于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者住院费用、大腿及小腿消肿率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组患者Ⅲ级血栓清除率高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义（P...     

内窥镜下喷洒血凝酶治疗活动性消化道出血有效性及安全性的临床研究

目的：通过内窥镜下局部喷洒血凝酶治疗消化道活动性出血患者,观察与凝血酶对比的止血效果及安全性。方法选取各种原因所致消化道活动性出血住院患者138例,随机分为血凝酶2支组（M1组,46例）、血凝酶4支组（M2组,46例）和凝血酶对照组（对照组,46例）,观察三组即刻止血率和止血时间,在给药前和手术结束后分别抽取静脉血检测血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原浓度（FIB）,观察各组不良反应情况。结果治疗组与凝血酶对照组三组间治疗前后血常规、PT,年龄、性别、病情方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,血凝酶两组平均止血时间均明显短于凝血酶组,且组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。治疗前后对PT、TT、APTT、FIB 变化差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,治疗前后未发生不良反应情况。结论血凝酶治疗内镜下活动性出血疗效高,止血快,优于凝血酶;所用剂量对血液凝血功能无影响。     

Sealing of cystic duct with bipolar electrocoagulation

Background: The cystic duct leakage rate is still high. The aim of this study was to evaluate an alternative technique for securing the cystic duct using the Ligasure vessel sealing system. Methods: Eight pigs were included in this pilot study. We performed a cholecystectomy, using the Ligasure system to sealing the cystic duct and artery. The pigs were killed 8 days after operation, and specimens of the cystic duct and common bile duct were removed for pathologic examination. Results: There were no clinical complications other than two superficial wound infections. The sealing of the cystic duct and artery were both macroscopically and microscopically 100% sufficient. The maximum extension of the coagulative process in the sealed ducts was 0.25 mm on each side of the sealed area. Conclusions: The Ligasure system seems promising for securing the cystic duct and artery during cholecystectomy. Future studies should evaluate safety with this technique on a larger scale.     

国内静脉留置针封管技术研究进展

对静脉留置针所用封管液,其浓度、剂量的选择及封管方法进行综述。认为应在确保患者安全、舒适的前提下,视其年龄、基础疾病及生理条件选用合适的封管液及封管方法。     

Sealing maneuver for microvascular anastomoses in rats

Microsurgical skills and techniques are the bases for numerous research studies involving rats. Moreover, these animals are widely used for microsurgical training in surgical disciplines. To reduce the number of rats used during research and microsurgical training, we developed the sealing maneuver. This technique helps to reduce bleeding especially in arterial anastomoses after opening of the vascular clamps. In 32 rats we performed 62 microanastomoses using the sealing maneuver. The distal clamp is shortly opened to let a small amount of blood into the anastomotic area. The clamp is then closed and the blood is left for about 1 minute for sealing. Finally, the bloodstream is reestablished and blood loss is kept to a minimum. We describe the use of this technique for end-to-end and end-to-side microanastomoses. The sealing maneuver is simple and reliable. This technique is especially useful in rats because of their physiological high fluid volume turnover.     

LigaSure for Pancreatic Sealing During Distal Pancreatectomy

Background  

Pancreatic fistula is an unresolved problem after distal pancreatectomy. The current study investigated the safety of LigaSure for distal pancreatic resection in a porcine model.     

Clinical outcomes after Nellix Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing

The published evidence on clinical outcomes of Nellix Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair has confirmed low procedural morbidity and reintervention rate. This early clinical experience with Nellix is encouraging, despite the device and procedural steps being in evolution, and patients being treated outside of the recommended instructions for use. The long-term follow-up of a treated patient cohort is now available and demonstrates low aneurysm-related mortality and morbidity. The initial experience with the commercially available Nellix device was captured in a multicenter report involving 171 patients and two independently monitored, company-sponsored device registries (EVAS Forward Global Trial and Forward US Investigational Device Exemption Trial). All three clinical studies report a 99% procedural technical success, low mortality, and persistent endoleak rate with re-intervention rates comparable to conventional EVR device registries. Nellix EVAS is applicable to a range of aneurysm anatomies, including patients with isolated of concomitant iliac artery aneurysms. The post-procedural imaging appearances after Nellix EVAS are unique due to the AAA sac polymer, change with time, but are now well understood.     

负压封闭引流在烧伤创面中的应用进展

烧伤创面是导致患者出现全身感染甚至是死亡的重要原因之一,以往临床常采用生理盐水、 碘伏等方式进行清创,但在实际的治疗过程中,上述清创方法无法充分引流创面的分泌物,在一定程度上 提高了患者的疼痛程度,延长其创面愈合时间。负压封闭引流是近年来兴起的一种创面治疗方法,可以有 效清除患者创面的坏死组织和渗出物,减轻换药过程中患者的疼痛感,从而缩短其创面愈合时间,降低感 染风险。基于此,本文就负压封闭引流技术在烧伤创面中的应用效果作一综述,旨在为临床治疗提供相关 参考。     

LigaSure在消化道手术中的应用

止血技术是外科手术最基本、最重要的技术之一,也是手术成败的关键。近几年来临床开始应用的LigaSure结扎速血管闭合系统(LigaSureVessel SealingSystem)以其独特的优点逐渐被认可。现就我院近年来在21例消化道手术中的应用情况总结如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组21例,男12例,     

Hepatic Surgery Using the Ligasure Vessel Sealing System

Blood loss, a well-known risk factor for morbidity and mortality during liver resection, occurs during parenchymal transection, so many approaches and devices have been developed to limit bleeding. Surgical technique is an important factor in preventing intraoperative and postoperative complications. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the bipolar vessel sealing device allows a safe and careful liver transection, achieving a satisfactory hemostasis thus reducing blood loss and related complications.A total of 30 consecutive patients (18 male, 12 female with a mean age of 63 years) underwent major and minor hepatic resection in which the bipolar vessel sealing device was used without routine inflow occlusion. A crush technique followed by energy application was used to perform the parenchymal transection. No other devices were applied to achieve hemostasis. The bipolar vessel sealing device was effective in 27 cases of hepatic resection. It failed to achieve hemostasis in three patients, all of whom had a cirrhotic liver. Median blood loss was 250 ml (range: 100-1600 ml), and intraoperative blood transfusions were required in five patients (17%). Mean operative time was 200 minutes (range: 140-360 minutes). There was no clinical evidence of postoperative hemorrhage, bile leak, or intraabdorninal abscess.The postoperative complication rate was 17%. The bipolar vessel sealing device is a useful tool in standard liver resection in patients with a normal liver parenchyma, but its use should be avoided in cirrhotic livers.