止痛灵的镇痛抗炎作用

灌胃给止痛灵２６８．５或５３７．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，能显著抑制小鼠冰醋酸扭体反应，并提高热板法的小鼠痛阈值（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；１３４．３，２６８．５和５３７．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ均能抑制小鼠巴豆油所致耳壳肿胀度（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；２６８．５和５３７．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ对大鼠蛋清性足跖肿胀度有抑制作用（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；５３７．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ对大鼠肉芽肿的形成亦有抑制效果（Ｐ＜０．０５）。止痛灵ｉｇ小鼠ＬＤ５０为２．６９ｇ／ｋｇ，而阿司匹林ｉｇ小鼠ＬＤ５０为１．３６ｇ／ｋｇ。研究表明：止痛灵具有较强的镇痛、抗炎作用，且毒性较阿司匹林低。     

蝎毒多肽的镇痛及抗炎作用

采用热板法和醋酸扭体法证明腹腔注射蝎毒多肽０．６５０，０．４３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ能明显升高小鼠痛阈和减少小鼠的扭体次数．腹腔注射蝎毒多肽０．４３３，０．２１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ能明显对抗蛋清所致的大鼠足肿胀；连续７天腹腔注射蝎毒多肽０．２６０，０．１３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ能明显抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿形成；腹腔注射蝎毒多肽０．６５０，０．４３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ能降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性     

蝎毒多肽的镇痛及抗炎和作用

采用热板法和醋酸扭体法证明腹腔注射蝎毒多肽０．６５０，０．４３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ能明显升高小鼠痛阈和减少小鼠的扭体次数，腹腔注射蝎毒多肽０．４３３，０．２１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ能明显对抗蛋清所致的大鼠中肿用连续７天腹腔注射蝎毒多肽０．２６０，０．１３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ能明显抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿形成；腹腔注射蝎毒多肽０．６５０，０．４３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ能降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性。     

青络铜与青藤碱镇痛抗炎作用的比较研究

青络铜与青藤碱各４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，８０ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｇ均可显著抑制小鼠醋酸扭体反应，１４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，１７０ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｇ可显著提高热板法的痛阈值。等剂量相比，镇痛效果相似，但青络铜起效较慢。青络铜４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，８０ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｇ皆可显著抑制小鼠二甲苯引起的耳肿胀度和蛋清所致大鼠的足跖肿胀率。青藤碱仅大剂量８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ有显著性差异。     

褪黑素和哌替啶的耐受性及对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响

采用热板法测定小鼠痛阈，发现ｉｐ褪黑素（ＭＴ）４０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１连续６ｄ，镇痛作用持续、明显；ｉｐ哌替啶４０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１连续６ｄ，镇痛作用逐渐减弱，至ｄ６时已无镇痛作用。ｄ７ｉｐＭＴ和哌替啶同上剂量１ｈ时测定小鼠ＣｏｎＡ诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应，发现ＭＴ能明显提高淋巴细胞增殖反应，而哌替啶对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应有抑制趋向。结果提示：ＭＴ不同于哌替啶无耐受性，且能促进脾淋巴细胞功能。     

丙帕他莫盐酸盐的解热、镇痛作用和身体依赖性评价

用热板、扭体和足跖刺激法测痛，小鼠ｉｐ，ｉｖ和ｓｃ丙帕他莫盐酸盐（ＰＲＨ）均有镇痛作用。连续ｓｃ５ｄ，其镇痛作用不产生耐受。小鼠于２ｄ内连续ｓｃ５次ｉｐ２次ＰＲＨ后，ｓｃ烯丙吗啡５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ呈现桔抗，不出现ＤＢ跃，表明天吗啡样身体依赖性。对三联菌苗致热兔，ｉｖＰＲＨ１２８ｍｇ／ｋｇ有显著解热作用，此外ＰＲＨ还可明显减少小鼠自发活动次数。ｉｐＰＲＨ的ＬＤ５０（９５％可信限）为１１３５（１０４０～１２３８）ｍｇ／ｋｇ．     

北豆根总碱对环磷酰胺模型小鼠的免疫调节作用

从非特异性免疫功能及特异性免疫功能方面研究了北豆根总碱对环磷酰胺所致的免疫功能低下模型小鼠的免疫调节作用．实验结果表明,北豆根总碱２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ腹腔注射能显著增强模型小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发型超敏反应及增加其外周血淋巴细胞ＡＮＡＥ阳性百分率;北豆根总碱２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ腹腔注射能显著提高模型鼠血清溶血素生成能力．初步机理研究表明,北豆根总碱５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ腹腔注射能显著拮抗环磷酰胺对小鼠胸腺ＤＮＡ含量的抑制作用,提示北豆根总碱可能通过促进ＤＮＡ合成而达到增强免疫功能的作用．     

红毛五加总甙的镇痛作用

红毛五加甙（ＴＧＡ，ｉｇ２００－８００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）能显著抑制小鼠热板、扭体、嘶叫反应及大鼠甩尾反应。连续给药７ｄ，镇痛作用无耐受现象。小鼠和大鼠ｉｃｖ２０ｍｇ（相当ｉｇ有效剂量的１／１０，可明显提高其痛阈。纳洛酮（２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）、利血平（４ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）不影响ＴＧＡ的镇痛作用。ＴＧＡ还能明显降低大鼠足跖炎症组织中ＰＧＥ的含量。结果提示，ＴＧＡ具有镇痛作用，其作用部位可能在中枢，但可能不是通过兴奋阿片受体或影响脑内单胺类递质而发挥作用的；对ＰＧＥ含量的影响，可能是ＴＧＡ发挥镇痛作用的外周因素     

非甾体抗炎新药舒林酸的抗炎,镇痛和解热作用

舒林酸有明显的抗炎，镇痛、解热作用。灌胃给药使巴豆油致小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶致大鼠足碱肿胀抑制２５％的半数有数量分别为３６±ｓ６和１４±５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，２０和４０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）或连续５ｄ对棉球肉芽肿和佐剂性关节炎也有显抑制作用，镇痛试验：小鼠热板法醋酸扭体法测得ＥＤ５０分别为４６±１９５２±１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ；命名酵母致热大鼠降低１℃的ＥＤ５０为６．２±２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ；使大鼠试验群５０％致胃内血     

非甾体抗炎新药舒林酸的抗炎、镇痛和解热作用

舒林酸有明显的抗炎、镇痛、解热作用。灌胃给药使巴豆油致小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀抑制２５％的半数有效量（ＥＤ５０）分别为３６±５６和１４±５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，２０和４０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）或连续５ｄ对棉球肉芽肿和佐剂性关节炎也有显著抑制作用。镇痛试验：小鼠热板法和醋酸扭体法测得ＥＤ５０分别为４６±１９和５２±１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ；使酵母致热大鼠降低１℃的ＥＤ５０为６．２±２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ；使大鼠试验群５０％致胃出血的半数致溃疡量（ＵＤ５０）为５６±１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

Opiate and acetylcholine-independent analgesic actions of crotoxin isolated from crotalus durissus terrificus venom.

The venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus is reported to have analgesic activity and the administration of Crotoxin (Cro) to cancer patients is reported to reduce the consumption of analgesics. This study investigated the analgesia induced by Cro and the effects of atropine and naloxone on the antinociceptive activity of Cro in mice and rats. The results showed that Cro at 66.5, 44.3 and 29.5microg/kg (ip) exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic action in mice using the hotplate and acetic acid writhing tests. Cro at 44.3microg/kg (ip) had significant analgesic action in the rat tail-flick test. In the mouse acetic acid-writhing test, intracerebral ventricular administration of Cro 0.3microg/kg produced marked analgesic effects. Microinjection of Cro (0.15microg/kg) into the periaqueductal gray area also elicited a robust analgesic action in rat hotplate test. Atropine at 0.5mg/kg (im) or 10mg/kg (ip) or naloxone at 3mg/kg (ip) failed to block the analgesic effects of Cro. These results suggest that Cro has analgesic effects mediated by an action on the central nervous system. The muscarinic and opioid receptors are not involved in the antinociceptive effects of Cro.     

去氧乌头碱的抗炎、镇痛和解热作用

本文报告了新近以伏毛铁棒锤中提得的去氧乌头碱(DAC)的抗炎、镇痛和解热作用实验结果,并与已报道过的3-乙酰乌头碱(3AAC)进行比较。DAC0.8mg/kg (ip)显著抑制巴豆油所致小鼠耳廓肿;0.2mg/kg(ip或sc)显著抑制角叉菜胶或甲醛所致大鼠足爪肿、组胺所致大鼠皮肤渗出及醋酸所致小鼠腹腔渗出。于大鼠角叉菜胶足爪肿模型,测得DAC(ip)的抗炎治疗指数(6.38)略高于3AAC(5.92)。醋酸扭体法测得DAC抑制小鼠扭体反应50％的剂量为0.22±0.06mg/kg(sc);热板法测得DAC的小鼠镇痛ED_(50)为0.41±0.10mg/kg(ip),其镇痛治疗指数(6.37)高于3AAC(4.60)。DAC0.24mg/kg(ip)对伤寒副伤寒混合菌苗所致家兔发热有显著解热作用。     

Salmon calcitonin potentiates the analgesia induced by antidepressants

Antidepressants are used in the treatment of a variety of pain syndromes. Most of them act by blocking noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake. It is also well known that the serotonergic system is also involved in calcitonin (CT) analgesia. Taking these two evidences into account, the modification of the analgesic effect of nortriptyline, amitriptyline, and paroxetine in the presence of salmon CT (s-CT) was examined in mice. The forced-swimming test was carried out in order to choose doses of each drug that did not induce an antidepressant effect under our experimental conditions (nortriptyline: 0.2-5 mg/kg ip, amitriptyline: 2.5-20 mg/kg ip, and paroxetine: 5-30 mg/kg ip). The analgesic effect of each antidepressant was then evaluated using the acetic acid test. At the doses tested, the antidepressants induced a dose-dependent analgesic effect. When mice were pre-treated with a subanalgesic dose of s-CT (2.5 IU/kg), the analgesic effect of amitriptyline and paroxetine was significantly increased though no modification was found for nortriptyline. In summary, s-CT was able to increase the analgesic effect of the antidepressant drugs that reduce the uptake of 5-HT, suggesting that the joint administration of antidepressants and CT may be an interesting alternative in pain management.     

利血平与优降宁对动物痛阈和吗啡镇痛作用影响因素探讨

采用三种测痛方法,观察了利血平、优降宁对小鼠、大鼠正常痛阈和吗啡镇痛作用的影响,结果表明:ip利血平2 mg/kg,优降宁100 mg/kg均能明显抑制小鼠扭体反应;ip利血平1 mg/kg能明显提高小鼠热板反应时间,但ip优降宁75 mg/kg无明显影响;ip利血平6 mg/kg,优降宁75 mg/kg对大鼠甩尾反应时间均无明显影响;利血平(小鼠0.5～1.0 mg/kg,大鼠2 mg/kg ip)能明显对抗吗啡镇痛作用;优降宁(小鼠35 mg/kg,大鼠50 mg/kg ip)能明显增强吗啡镇痛作用,并能“逆转”利血平对抗吗啡镇痛作用。其“逆转”作用的强弱取决于利血平、优降宁给药的先后次序。     

利血平与优降宁对动物痛阈和吗啡镇痛作用影响因素探讨

采用三种测痛方法,观察了利血平、优降宁对小鼠、大鼠正常痛阈和吗啡镇痛作用的影响,结果表明:ip利血平2 mg/kg,优降宁100 mg/kg均能明显抑制小鼠扭体反应;ip利血平1 mg/kg能明显提高小鼠热板反应时间,但ip优降宁75 mg/kg无明显影响;ip利血平6 mg/kg,优降宁75 mg/kg对大鼠甩尾反应时间均无明显影响;利血平(小鼠0.5～1.0 mg/kg,大鼠2 mg/kg ip)能明显对抗吗啡镇痛作用;优降宁(小鼠35 mg/kg,大鼠50 mg/kg ip)能明显增强吗啡镇痛作用,并能“逆转”利血平对抗吗啡镇痛作用。其“逆转”作用的强弱取决于利血平、优降宁给药的先后次序。     

滇西嘟拉碱甲的镇痛和身体依赖性研究

用扭体法、热板法、光热-甩尾法和甲醛致痛法证实Bul有明显镇痛作用。连续给药9 d,镇痛作用无耐受现象。小鼠跳跃反应试验阴性;Bul对吗啡依赖大鼠或猴的戒断症状,均无替代作用。Bul的镇痛作用不能被纳络酮翻转;利血平可取消Bul的镇痛作用,补充5-HT或5-HTP能翻转利血平取消Bul的镇痛作用。     

维生素K3中枢镇痛效应的探讨

经由大鼠、小鼠甩尾及兔甩头法测痛,证实k₃具有剂量依赖的镇痛作用。兔侧脑室微量注射k₃亦有显著镇痛效应。k₃的镇痛作用可被阿片拮抗剂纳络酮所拮抗。实验观察到k₃与吗啡的镇痛效应间存在交叉耐受现象。一定浓度的k₃可抑制电场刺激所致豚鼠回肠纵肌标本的收缩,这一效应亦可被纳络酮部分逆转。小鼠经k₃预处理后对k₃的镇痛产生耐受;连续k₃大剂量预处理后纳络酮激发不产生跳跃。     

Potentiation of opioid analgesia by the antidepressant nefazodone.

Nefazodone is a new antidepressant related structurally to trazodone. In addition to its activity in preclinical assays for antidepressant activity, nefazodone was a potent analgesic in the mouse hotplate assay. At 50 mg/kg s.c. nefazodone doubled baseline latencies in 40% of mice but was inactive in the tailflick test at any dose tested. The hotplate analgesia seen with nefazodone alone was not reversed by naloxone (10 mg/kg s.c.). In the tailflick assay, nefazodone (50 mg/kg s.c.) enhanced morphine's analgesic response, shifting morphine's ED50 from 3.1 mg/kg alone to 0.86 mg/kg in conjunction with nefazodone (P less than 0.05). Two days after implantation of a morphine pellet (75 mg) no mice remained analgesic in the tailflick assay. Administration of nefazodone (50 mg/kg s.c.) restored analgesia to 60% of mice (P less than 0.03). In selective analgesic assays, nefazodone enhanced mu 1, mu 2 and delta analgesia, but not kappa 1 or kappa 3 analgesia. Nefazodone did not affect morphine's LD50 and, in assays of gastrointestinal transit, nefazodone increased morphine's potency only slightly. In conclusion, nefazodone alone is analgesic in certain animal models. In conjunction with morphine, nefazodone potentiated analgesia with no effect on lethality and little effect on gastrointestinal transit, resulting in an increase in morphine's therapeutic index. These results suggest that nefazodone and similar agents may have a significant role in the management of pain.