支气管镜检查在慢性咳嗽中诊断价值

目的探讨支气管镜检查在慢性咳嗽病因诊断中临床应用价值。方法分析在我科诊断为慢性咳嗽62例患者,排除常见病因后,予以支气管镜检查,62例病人支气管镜下表现、刷检、病理、灌洗等有关诊断结果。结果 37例支气管检查正常,26例慢性咳嗽病例明确诊断病因,8例考虑为支气管炎,3例为支气管扩张,2例患者为支气管异物,6例为支气管结核,5例支气管肺癌、1例为气管内结节病,1例为支气管骨化病。结论在慢性咳嗽病因诊断中,支气管镜检查具有重要临床诊断价值。     

支气管镜诊断支气管内膜结核30例分析

目的讨论支气管镜检查对于支气管内膜结核的诊断价值。方法回顾30例支气管内膜结核患者的临床资料。结果30例经支气管镜检查均确诊为内膜结核。结论支气管镜检查对于支气管内膜结核有特异性的诊断价值。     

镜下非活动期中心型气管支气管结核的临床表现及影像学特征分析

目的: 探讨不同类型镜下非活动期中心型气管支气管结核(简称“气管支气管结核”)的特征。 方法: 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院收治的267例镜下非活动期气管支气管结核患者的临床表现、影像学特征及支气管镜下检查情况。 结果: 267例患者中,男性79例,女性188例,男女比例为1∶2.38;年龄以20~40岁年龄组为主(55.43%,148/267)。临床表现:胸闷、气促 221 例(82.77%),咳嗽、咳痰166例(62.17%),发热35例(13.11%),咯血15例(5.62%),无症状20例(7.49%)。非活动期气管支气管结核主要累及部位:左主支气管124例(46.44%),右中间段支气管69例(25.84%),右主支气管48例(17.98%),气管26例(9.74%);左侧∶右侧病变比为1∶0.94(124∶117)。267例患者中,以管壁软化型为主者21例(7.87%),以瘢痕狭窄型为主者198例(74.16%),以管腔闭塞型为主者15例(5.62%),以反复回缩型为主者33例(12.36%);合并肺不张169例(63.30%),并发肺内空洞116例(43.45%),出现肺内多病灶195例(73.03%)。支气管管腔狭窄的CT表现与支气管镜检查检出符合率为98.13%(262/267)。 结论: 镜下非活动期气管支气管结核以女性、中青年人群多见,最常见症状为胸闷、气促,咳嗽、咳痰;CT检查与支气管镜检查检出符合率高,是镜检前的重要诊断手段。     

纤维支气管镜检查对不明原因慢性咳嗽诊断价值的临床研究

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜检查对成年人不明原因慢性咳嗽的诊断价值.方法 对2004年10月至2006年12月在咳喘专科门诊就诊、胸片、免疫功能正常、无咯血症状并且经慢性咳嗽诊断程序仍病因未明的成年慢性咳嗽患者,经纤维支气管镜进行病因诊断.结果 37例患者平均年龄(38±13)岁,中位咳嗽时间6个月.经纤维支气管镜检查,59.5%获得了病因诊断:支气管结核(6例),气管肿瘤(4例)、气管骨化症(3例)、化脓性支气管炎(3例)、支气管异物(2例)、侵袭性气管支气管曲菌病、气管息肉、声带下囊肿、原发性气管支气管淀粉样变各1例.纤维支气管镜检查未确诊的15例患者中,6例组织病理为慢性非特异性气道炎症.全部患者术中、术后无显著不良反应.结论 作为一项安全的诊疗手段,纤维支气管镜检查能在不明原因慢性咳嗽的病因诊断中发挥重要作用.     

纤维支气管镜检查对支气管结核诊断的临床分析

目的为提高支气管结核的诊断水平。方法对37例经纤维支气管镜检查确诊的支气管结核患者的临床分析。结果纤维支气管镜下显示,充血炎症型占51.3%,溃疡、干酪坏死型占37.8%,肉芽增殖型占18.9%,瘢痕狭窄型占24.3%。纤维支气管镜刷检阳性率89.2%,活检阳性率43.2%。结论纤维支气管镜检查对支气管结核的诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

气管支气管结核的支气管镜诊治分析

目的分析46例气管支气管结核患者诊治情况及分析诊治过程中误诊、延迟诊断原因。方法分析46例患者支气管镜检查前误诊病因、镜下表现与刷检、黏膜活检、临床表现、气道狭窄情况。结果非呼吸专科医师就诊或诊所就诊39例,至诊断气管支气管结核时间1月~3年,中位数时间42天;2例患者首次支气管镜检查就发现中心气道狭窄,治疗后共有5例患者出现不同程度气道狭窄。7例患者住院支气管镜检查后诊断支气管结核,诊断气管支气管结核中位数时间为7.5天,治疗后未发生气道狭窄。两组在诊断时间上比较,P0.05,差异有统计学意义;两组在气道狭窄发生率上比较,P0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论气管支气管结核容易被非呼吸专科医师误诊,提高医师认知,及时行支气管镜检查、治疗,才能减少并发症的发生。     

CT及支气管镜在支气管结核中的诊断价值

目的探讨CT及支气管镜对支气管结核诊断中的价值。方法比较分析51例支气管结核患者的CT、支气管镜下表现及相关病理结果。结果 CT示支气管管腔不规则狭窄35(68.63%)例,肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大17(33.33%)例,支气管肺结核7(13.73%)例。误诊率为86.27%。支气管镜下表现:充血水肿4例(7.84%)糜烂坏死型15例(29.42%)肉芽结节型22例(43.14%)瘢痕型10例(19.61%)活检病理阳性35(68.63%)例,刷检阳性41例(80.39%)。结论 CT检查为支气管结核的诊断提供重要依据,有助了解病变部位、形态、范围和程度,但误诊率高。支气管镜检查可直观了解支气管粘膜改变,通过活检、刷检提高诊断的阳性率,是诊断支气管结核最快、最准确的方法。     

超细支气管镜在空洞型肺结核合并气管支气管结核诊断中的应用

目的探讨超细支气管镜在空洞型肺结核合并气管支气管结核诊断中的应用。方法针对30例常规气管镜检阴性的空洞型肺结核病例,我们使用超细支气管镜检查其6-8级支气管黏膜和/或管腔病变。结果超细支气管镜发现细支气管病变28例,主要表现为黏膜充血、肿胀;支气管狭窄或闭塞;分泌物增加。结论超细支气管镜检查可提高气管支气管结核的诊断阳性率。     

气管支气管结核与肺结核137例对比初步分析

目的探讨气管支气管结核的临床特点及诊断方法。方法对67例气管支气管结核与70例单纯肺内结核病人的临床症状、胸部CT、支气管镜检查、治疗及预后进行对比分析。结果 67例气管支气管结核中,40岁以下45例(67.2%),女性42例(62.3%),胸闷20例(29.9%),局限性啰音31例(46.3%),局限性呼吸音减低12例(17.9%)。就诊时肺不张38例(56.7%),支气管播散19例(28.4%),满疗程后肺不张23例(34.3%),气管支气管狭窄42例(62.7%),与单纯肺结核有明显差异(P0.05)。结论气管支气管结核好发于中青年,其中女性居多,且有一定的临床特点,但特异性不强,极易漏诊。气管支气管结核与单纯肺结核治疗方案不同、疗程不同、预后不同,早期诊断、早期治疗至关重要,应引起高度重视。     

气管支气管结核痰菌阳性与刷检阳性相关性

<正>气管支气管结核是结核病的特殊临床类型,国外学者报道,活动性肺结核患者10%~40%合并气管支气管结核,其中菌阳患者60%~70%,菌阴患者25%~30%〔1〕。本研究探讨气管支气管结核痰菌阳性与刷检阳性的相关性。1资料与方法1.1一般资料我院2011年4月至2013年6月住院,诊断为气管支气管结核的患者183例,符合《气管支气管结核诊断和     

Tracheobronchial tuberculosis observed from the chest X-ray findings and its pathogenesis

Twelve cases of tuberculous tracheobronchitis were identified by bronchofiberscopy out of 185 tuberculous patients, and they are classified into four groups based on the chest X-ray findings and its pathogenesis, Group 1 (two cases); extensive endobronchial tuberculosis without radiographically demonstrable lesion. Group 2 (three cases); endobronchial tuberculosis occurring in airway that drains a pulmonary cavity or active lesion. Group 3 (four cases); endobronchial tuberculosis occurring in minimal cases of tuberculosis with radiographically fibrocaseous or fibroproductive type lesions. Group 4 (three cases); invasion of bronchus by perforation of hilar tuberculous adenitis. This classification would undoubtedly be better to understand tuberculous involvement of the bronchial tree than those previously reported classifications based on the bronchoscopic findings and clinical symptoms. Furthermore, it was found that the extent of the lung lesions showed no relation with the incidence of tuberculous tracheobronchitis. There is some differences among these four groups in terms of chest roentgenographic features, clinical symptoms and bronchoscopic findings. However, the presence of the third group has not been clearly recognized, as such type of the disease believed to exist in cases with extensive pulmonary involvement. Characteristics of the third group are mild clinical symptoms, inactive radiographic appearances and insidious clinical course, and most such cases are detected by the mass survey, and the diagnosis can be made only by endoscopic examinations. The incidence of tracheobronchial tuberculosis in our clinic was 6.5%, and that of the fourth group was 1.6%. Brief discussion was made on the endoscopic classification, pathogeneses, endoscopic changes during the course of chemotherapy and management of bronchial stenosis.     

高分辨CT扫描对气管、支气管结核的诊断价值及临床意义

目的　探讨HRCT对气管、支气管结核的诊断价值及临床意义。方法 对32例诊断明确的气管、支气管结核住院患者行胸部HRCT扫描,结合纤维支气管镜检查,观察病变气道内壁及管腔的形态变化以及其病变远侧肺实质的病变情况。结果 气管、支气管壁病变检出率为73.9%,其中管壁轻度增厚54.3%,明显增厚19.6%;气道管腔形态改变检出率为67.4%,其中管腔狭窄<50%的41.3%,>50%的19.6%,管腔闭塞6.5%。同时观察到气管、支气管周围及纵隔淋巴结肿大7例,病变支气管远侧管腔内粘液栓12例,管腔局限性扩张5例,小叶性肺气肿18例,肺不张2例,肺内结核病灶39例。结论 HRCT检查观察气道病变部位和范围、气道病变与肺内病变的关系、危重患者纤维支气管镜检查前的定位准备及估计预后均有重要的临床意义。     

基于CT分型方法的儿童肺结核临床特征分析

目的 分析儿童肺结核CT特征的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2006年7月至2014年12月经临床诊断并确诊为肺结核的734例患儿的临床资料(包括年龄、性别、临床表现,疫苗接种史、接触史及实验室检查等),基于CT分型对其CT特征、临床特点进行分析。结果 734例患儿中159例(21.7%)为经病原学检测确诊;CT分型中原发性肺结核和气管、支气管结核最多见(365例,50.4%),并发2种及以上类型者次之(199例,27.3%);3岁以下婴幼儿以原发性肺结核和气管、支气管结核多见(189例,26.1%), 7~14岁青春期儿童以结核性胸膜炎多见(94例,13.0%);并发肺外结核患者以结核性脑膜炎(109例,34.5%)及肺外播散累及2个及以上器官或组织者(103例,32.6%)最多见。192例(26.2%)患儿并发其他疾病或患有基础疾病。结论 不同年龄阶段患儿的肺结核CT分型不同,且常并发肺外结核;儿童肺结核CT表现有其自身特点及年龄分布特点。     

肺结核合并肺癌156例临床分析

目的 分析肺结核合并肺癌患者的临床特点,以便早期识别肺结核合并肺癌患者。 方法 对我院2000年1月至2011年12月确诊的156例肺结核合并肺癌患者的临床表现、肺癌病灶与肺结核病灶的关系、确诊时间、病理类型、确诊方法进行回顾性分析。 结果 肺结核合并肺癌患者以痰中带血为其常见的临床特征,CT影像以双肺上叶结节多见,部分病灶呈团块样病变;肺结核与肺癌病灶在同侧同叶19例（12.2%,19/156）,病灶肺叶不同侧72例（46.2%,72/156）,病灶肺叶部分重叠65例（41.7%,65/156）;已知有肺结核病史后诊断肺癌者67例（42.9%,67/156）,已知有肺癌病史后诊断肺结核者6例（3.8%,6/156）,2种病同时诊断者83例（53.2%,83/156）,平均确诊时间从11.4个月到12.5年不等;病理类型以非小细胞肺癌为主,均通过痰查癌细胞和纤维支气管镜刷检找癌细胞获得明确诊断。 结论 肺结核合并肺癌患者具有一定的临床特点和CT影像特征,应及早明确诊断,对2种病进行早期同时治疗,以便获得较好的疗效。     

肾结核155例诊治分析

目的 探讨肾结核的临床表现、诊断和治疗,以提高早期诊治水平. 方法 回顾性分析我院2003年7月—2014年4月收治的155例肾结核患者的临床资料.结果 肾结核高发年龄段是40~60岁(47.1%).将患者分为2组,具有3种或以上临床常见症状者为典型肾结核组(典型组),有患者94例;其余为不典型肾结核组(不典型组),有患者61例.临床最常见的症状依次为尿急(62.6%)、尿频(60.0%)、腰痛(54.3%)、尿痛(51.6%)和血尿(44.5%),腰痛是不典型肾结核组最常见的症状(49.2%).132例患者行尿沉渣找抗酸杆菌检查,阳性率为31.8%.超声检查结果异常率为84.5%,诊断符合率为38.1%.CT检查结果异常率为95.1%,诊断符合率为79.9%. 123例患者行手术治疗,其余32例患者接受抗结核药物治疗. 结论 肾结核的诊断主要依靠临床症状、 实验室检查和影像学检查,CT对明确诊断有重要意义. 肾结核早期诊断困难且需要综合分析判断. 手术是中晚期肾结核的重要治疗手段.     

Bronchopleural fistulas: an overview of the problem with special focus on endoscopic management

A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a communication between the pleural space and the bronchial tree. Although rare, BPFs represent a challenging management problem and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. By far, the postoperative complication of pulmonary resection is the most common cause, followed by lung necrosis complicating infection, persistent spontaneous pneumothorax, chemotherapy or radiotherapy (for lung cancer), and tuberculosis. The treatment of BPF includes various surgical and medical procedures, and of particular interest is the use of bronchoscopy and different glues, coils, and sealants. Localization of the fistula and size may indicate potential benefits of surgical vs endoscopic procedures. In high-risk surgical patients, endoscopic procedures may serve as a temporary bridge until the patient's clinical status is improved, while in other patients endoscopic procedures may be the only option. Therapeutic success has been variable, and the lack of consensus suggests that no optimal therapy is available; rather, the current therapeutic options seem to be complementary, and the treatment should be individualized.     

A clinical study on 65 cases with tracheobronchial tuberculosis

We recently diagnosed 65 cases with tracheobronchial tuberculosis using fiberbronchoscope. All the patients presented TB symptoms and were smear positive, some of them had been misdiagnosed for chronic bronchitis or lung cancer. Among them, 16 cases were simple tracheobronchial tuberculosis (24.6%) without TB lesions in the lungs. The results show that fiberbronchoscopic examination is a good method to diagnose tracheobronchial tuberculosis and distinguish lung cancer by direct observation of tracheobronchial lostons or brush biopsy for TB.     

超细电子支气管镜在气管支气管结核精准诊疗中的应用

目的:探讨超细电子支气管镜在气管支气管结核精准诊疗中的应用价值。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,收集南京市第二医院2017年7月至2020年7月经常规支气管镜未诊断但经超细支气管镜诊断的气管支气管结核患者33例作为病例组,对同期入院的经常规支气管镜诊断气管支气管结核患者以相同年龄、性别为配对原则随机选择66例作为对照组,采用...     

Esophageal tuberculosis: role of endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis

Esophageal involvement by tuberculosis is rare and is commonly secondary to mediastinal lymph nodal involvement. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a good modality for evaluation of both esophageal wall and mediastinal lymph nodes. The objectives were to study the role of EUS in diagnosing esophageal tuberculosis, to differentiate primary from secondary form, and to assess the response. Retrospective analysis of data over 7 years (i.e. from 2003 to 2009) was used. The study was set in a tertiary care referral institute and focused on patients diagnosed with esophageal tuberculosis. Interventions used included endoscopy, EUS, EUS‐FNA (fine needle aspiration) followed by antituberculosis treatment. The main outcome measurements were symptoms, endoscopic features, EUS features, pathological yield, and response to treatment. There were 32 cases of esophageal tuberculosis. The primary symptom was dysphagia, and endoscopy showed ulcers in 18/32 (56.25%) and extrinsic bulge in 20/32 (62.5%) in middle one third of esophagus. EUS showed lymph nodes adjacent to esophageal pathology in all cases. Subcarinal region was the most common site of lymphadenopathy and they were matted, heterogeneous with predominantly hypoechoic center. Histopathology of endoscopic biopsy of ulcers and EUS‐FNA of lymph nodes provided the diagnosis of tuberculosis in 27/32 (84.35%). All patients were treated with antitubercular treatment and showed good clinical, endoscopic and endosonographic response. This is a retrospective study, and PCR and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were not done. Esophageal tuberculosis does not appear to be a primary disease and is most likely secondary to mediastinal nodal tuberculosis. A conglomerated mass of heterogeneous with predominantly hypoechoic lymph nodes with intervening hyperechoic strands and foci on EUS appears to be characteristic of mediastinal tuberculosis.