慢性有机磷农药接触对羧基酯酶活力的影响

目的　酯酶不仅在有机磷农药解毒中发挥重要作用 ,而且与心血管疾病有密切关系。我们研究3种酯酶 (丁酰胆碱酯酶BchE、羧酸酯酶CarbE和对氧磷酶PonE)的酶活力在一般人群中的特点 ,探讨有机磷农药慢性接触对酶活力的影响 ,为其他研究提供基线资料。方法　选取 10 0名无有机磷农药接触的对照人群和 75名长期接触有机磷农药的生产工人 ,检测外周血酯酶活力 ,描述正常成人酶活力的特点 ,分析有机磷接触对酯酶活力的影响。结果　对照人群BchE均值为 (78 3± 30 4 )mmol/(ml·h) ;CarbE均值为(36 2 7± 195 0 )nmol/(ml·min) ;PonE均值为 (332 6± 96 2 )nmol/(ml·min)。 3种酶活力在人群中均呈正态分布。有机磷农药接触工人BchE活力为 (2 7 3± 2 1 7)mmol/(ml·h) ;CarbE活力为 (2 35 6± 10 4 0 )nmol/(ml·min) ;PonE活力为 (30 7 8± 10 7 0 )nmol/(ml·min)。结论　 3种酯酶活力无年龄和性别差异。有机磷接触工人的BchE和CarbE活力与对照人群比较 ,差异有显著性 ,说明有机磷能抑制BchE和CarbE活力 ,而对对氧磷酶活力无抑制作用。提示 ,BchE和CarbE活力可以作为反映有机磷农药接触     

接触对硫磷农药工人监测指标研究

目的 探讨接触有机磷农药（OP）对硫磷工人的监测指标。方法 对某农药厂包装车间进行现场调查,并对56名长期对硫磷接触工人（接触组）和120名无对硫磷接触工人（对照组）进行体格检查及血胆碱酯酶（ChE）、血清对氧磷酶（PON）、β-葡萄糖苷酸酶（-βGD）和羧酸酯酶（CaE）活力测定。结果 （1）对照组红细胞AChE、血清PON、CaE和BChE活力呈正态分布,不同年龄、性别4种酯酶活力差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。（2）接触组红细胞AChE、血清PON、CaE和BChE活力明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;血清-βGD活力两组之间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。（3）接触组工人红细胞AChE活力低于参考值下限的异常率,为5.4%,而血清CaE、BChE活力异常率分别为37.5%和48.2%,明显高于红细胞AChE活力异常率,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。血清PON活力异常率为5.4%,与红细胞AChE活力异常率之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 长期职业接触OP工人红细胞AChE、血清BChE、CaE、PON 4种酯酶活力均受到抑制,血清CaE可作为反映OP接触的一个新的生物标志物。     

羧基酯酶多态和有机磷农药接触者的易感性

目的　研究参与有机磷农药代谢的羧基酯酶的多态与有机磷接触者易感性的关系。方法　用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR RFLP)确定75例长期接触有机磷农药工人的丁酰胆碱酯酶(BChE)和对氧磷酶(PonE)的基因型,以症状积分和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力(mmol·h-1·ml-1)作为反映其健康状况的指标。分析单基因位点多态工人的健康状况,确定其易感基因型,进行多基因综合分析,考虑年龄、性别以及接触时间的影响,建立多元线性回归方程。结果　BChE基因K位点(BChE K)正常纯合子(6 1例)、杂合子(12例)和异常纯合子(2例)的AChE活力为10 5 .0±2 3.0、84 .4±16 .4和79.0±9.9,症状积分为3.7±3.8、9.2±3.0和12 .5±0 .7;PonE 192位(PON 192 )正常纯合子(37例)、杂合子(2 7例)和异常纯合子(11例)的AChE活力为116 .8±15 .1、91.2±15 .6和72 .3±2 1.4 ,症状积分为2 .0±3.2、6 .7±3.3和9.7±1.8;PonE 5 5位(PON 5 5 )正常纯合子(70例)、杂合子(5例)的AChE活力为10 2 .4±2 3.0、82 .8±2 2 .0 ,症状积分为4 .5±4 .2、9.2±3.6。3个位点的杂合子和(或)异常纯合子与正常纯合子的症状积分差异都有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 ) ;异常纯合子的症状积分最高、健康状况最差。3个基因位点没有交互作用;单个基因位点对症     

混配农药施药员的生物监测

目的 探讨混配农药中的拟除虫菊酯对有机磷抑制红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）作用的影响。方法 在江苏和山东省随机选择1周内未接触任何农药的健康施药员作为生物监测对象,其中,混配农药组（简称混配组）65人,使用甲胺磷与溴氰菊酯（江苏省）或甲基对硫磷与氯氰菊酯（山东省）混配的农药;单一农药组（简称单一组）67人,使用甲胺磷（江苏省）或甲基对硫磷（山东省）。喷药时间为2h,其个人防护等外部条件均与本地平常情况一致。同时在当地乡镇卫生院随机选择未接触农药的健康医务人员2人为对照组。使用硫代乙酰胆碱二硫代双硝基苯甲酸（DTNB）分光光度法,分别测定喷药前、喷药后即刻和喷药后1h的红细胞AChE活力。结果 喷药后混配组和单一组的红细胞AChE活力均受到抑制,与喷药前相比差异有高度显著性（P＜0．01）;红细胞AChE活力的喷药后即刻抑制率和喷药后1h恢复率,混配组均高于单一组,但差异均无显著性（t=－0．9270,df=64.1,P=0.3574;t=-1.3413,df=64.3,P=0.1845)。结论 本次监测未观察到混配农药中的拟除虫菊酯对有机磷抑制红细胞AChE活力的作用有明显影响。     

甲基对硫磷易感性生物标志物的探讨

目的探讨甲基对硫磷(M1605)的易感性生物标志物.方法检测M1605作业工人(71名)及对照组(50名)的对氧磷酶(PON)基因在192位点和55位点的多态性分布,分析各基因型与全血胆碱酯酶(ChE)活力、免疫功能和内分泌水平的关系.结果在全部121名研究对象中,PON在192位点和55位点基因型均为多态性分布;基因型分布及等位基因频率性别之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).在71位M1605接触者中,PON基因192位点为谷氨酸(Gln)/Gln的基因型者,其T淋巴细胞亚群中CD4、CD4/CD8分别为41.3±5.3、1.56±0.15,比对照组(49.0±8.1、1.83±0.10)和M1605接触组精氨酸(Arg)/Arg基因型者(44.9±4.8、1.76±0.14)明显降低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05、P＜0.01).PON基因55位点不同基因型者M1605的免疫毒性作用差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 PON基因在192位点Gln/Gln基因型可能是M1605免疫毒性作用的易感性生物标志物之一.     

子痫前期患者对氧磷酶基因多态性研究

目的 研究对氧磷酶1(PON1)基因R192Q位点、对氧磷酶2(PON2)基因C311S位点多态性与子痫前期(PE)发病的关系.方法 应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)、限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法分析PE组(73例)和健康孕妇组(66例)PON1基因多态性.结果 PE组和健康孕妇组PON1的基因型变异频率和R、Q等位基因频率差异均有统计学意义;PON2基因型变异频率和C、S等位基因频率差异亦有统计学意义.结论 PON1 R192Q位点多态性与PE发病有关,R等位基因可能是易感基因;PON2 C311S位点多态性与PE发病有关,C等位基因可能是易感基因.     

有机磷农药作业工人血清胆碱酯酶活力分析

目的了解接触有机磷农药作业工人血清胆碱酯酶活力的变化规律。方法对郑州市几家小农药厂灌装车间71名健康作业工人,按常规方法采集静脉血3 m l,采用丁酰硫代胆碱法,进行血清胆碱酯酶活力测定。了解不同性别、不同接触时间(按工龄分为1个月~、12个月~、24~48个月3组)作业工人血清胆碱酯酶活力变化。结果71名接触有机磷农药作业工人血清胆碱酯酶活力为(3 605.97±2 577.0)U/L,明显低于正常值(P<0.01)。1个月~、12个月~、24~48个月组血清胆碱酯酶活力分别为(2 593.6±2 126.6)、(3 588.5±2 268.3)和(4 694.8±3 077.6)U/L。1个月~组和24~48个月组作业工人胆碱酯酶活力差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女性组比男性组胆碱酯酶活力低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论有机磷农药对血清胆碱酯酶的抑制作用,女性可能要比男性敏感;随着接触时间的延长,人体可能会产生耐受性,胆碱酯酶活力有回升趋势。     

三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎与HLA-DMA及HLA-DMB的关系

目的 根据人白细胞抗原（HLA）-DMA及HLA-DMB在三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎（DMLT）和正常对照分布情况,探索DMLT的易感性基因,为其危害防治提供依据.方法 提取病例组（61例）及对照组（60例）淋巴细胞DNA,应用降落式多聚酶链反应（PCR）扩增,结合限制性片断长度多态性检测方法和直接测序,确定其DMA及DMB等位基因型和基因型,比较两组之间DMA和DMB等位基因型和基因型出现频率.结果 病例组HLA-DMA＊0101等位基因频率（71.3%）明显高于对照组（55.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;病例组HLA-DMB＊0103等位基因频率（11.5%）明显高于对照组（3.3%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组HLA-DMA＊0102-＊0102纯合子比例明显高于病例组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;病例组HLA-DMB＊0101-＊0102杂合子比例明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 DM基因多态性可能与DMLT的易感性有关.     

单细胞电泳检测有机磷农药接触工人外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤

应用单细胞凝胶电泳试验（SCGE）检测了有机磷农药接触工人的外周血淋巴细胞DNA断裂，结果表明，有机磷农药接触工人的外周血淋巴细胞慧星细胞率显著高于对照组，T-淋巴细胞α-醋酸萘酯酶显著高于对照组。提示，SCGE检测的DNA断裂可作为毒物对机体健康影响的早期生物学指标。     

氯解磷定对不同有机磷杀虫剂中毒后乙酰胆碱酯酶活力恢复的影响

目的比较氯解磷定（PAM-Cl）对急性甲胺磷、敌敌畏和氧乐果中毒后乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活力恢复的影响，为临床上合理治疗提供科学依据。方法收集4省1市7家县、市级医院收治的101例急性有机磷杀虫剂中毒患者资料，按接触杀虫剂品种不同分为急性甲胺磷中毒组59例、急性敌敌畏（或敌百虫）中毒组32例、急性氧乐果中毒组10例，比较3组患者红细胞AChE活力抑制程度和PAM-Cl对AChE的复能作用。结果入院时甲胺磷组、敌敌畏组、氧乐果组红细胞AChE活力分别为（9．12±7．99）、（7．32±4．62）和（12．01±9．53）U／gHb，均受抑制，但差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。经PAM-Cl治疗后3组患者中毒症状减轻或消失。甲胺磷组红细胞AChE活力在治疗后12、24、48、72h及出院时分别为（11．37±8．67）、（12．51±6．98）、（15．90±7-31）、（18．33±4．78）及（18．91±7．00）U／gHb，均较入院时明显升高并且呈不断回升趋势，差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01或P〈0．05）。敌敌畏组患者AChE活力在治疗后3、12、24、48、72h及出院时均较入院时明显增高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；12h后各时间点AChE活力则无进一步上升。氧乐果组患者AChE活力只有出院时较入院时明显增高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；其余各时间点AChE活力较入院时始终无明显恢复，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论PAM-Cl对甲胺磷、敌敌畏、氧乐果中毒均有治疗作用，对甲胺磷抑制的AChE活力有明显的重活化作用，对敌敌畏（敌百虫）抑制的AChE活力有一定重活化作用，而对氧乐果（乐果）抑制的AChE活力无重活化作用。     

Risk of brain tumors in children and susceptibility to organophosphorus insecticides: the potential role of paraoxonase (PON1)

Prior research suggests that childhood brain tumors (CBTs) may be associated with exposure to pesticides. Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) target the developing nervous system, and until recently, the most common residential insecticides were chlorpyrifos and diazinon, two OPs metabolized in the body through the cytochrome P450/paraoxonase 1 (PON1) pathway. To investigate whether two common PON1 polymorphisms, C-108T and Q192R, are associated with CBT occurrence, we conducted a population-based study of 66 cases and 236 controls using DNA from neonatal screening archive specimens in Washington State, linked to interview data. The risk of CBT was nonsignificantly increased in relation to the inefficient PON1 promoter allele [per PON1(-108T) allele, relative to PON1(-108CC): odds ratio (OR) = 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-2.2; p-value for trend = 0.07]. Notably, this association was strongest and statistically significant among children whose mothers reported chemical treatment of the home for pests during pregnancy or childhood (per PON1(-108T) allele: among exposed, OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.5; among unexposed, OR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5-1.6) and for primitive neuroectodermal tumors (per PON1(-108T) allele: OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.4). The Q192R polymorphism, which alters the structure of PON1 and influences enzyme activity in a substrate-dependent manner, was not associated with CBT risk, nor was the PON1(C-108T/Q192R) haplotype. These results are consistent with an inverse association between PON1 levels and CBT occurrence, perhaps because of PON1's ability to detoxify OPs common in children's environments. Larger studies that measure plasma PON1 levels and incorporate more accurate estimates of pesticide exposure will be required to confirm these observations.     

Paraoxonase polymorphism and its effect on male reproductive outcomes among Chinese pesticide factory workers.

BACKGROUND: Serum paraoxonase has been associated with the metabolism of organophosphate pesticides in humans. Molecular analysis of the human paraoxonase gene (PON1) has revealed that Arg192 homozygotes have a greater detoxifying capability than Gln192 homozygotes. We examined the effects of PON1 genotypes on male reproductive outcomes and its interaction with exposure to organophosphate pesticides. METHODS: We studied 60 Chinese pesticide-factory workers and 89 textile-factory workers who were unexposed to pesticides. The respective allele frequencies of Arg192 and Gln192 were 0.62 and 0.38. Pesticide exposure among 36 exposed subjects and 12 unexposed subjects, regardless of gender, was assessed by personal measurement of pesticide residues over an entire 8-hr shift and measurement of urinary p-nitrophenol level over a 24-hr period. We analyzed semen and hormone data collected from male subjects. RESULTS: When the three PON1 genotypes were analyzed separately, a gene dose effect was not detected. We used the unexposed Arg192 homo/heterozygotes as the reference group, and re-analyzed the data. Exposed Arg192 homo/heterozygotes had significantly lower sperm count (chi 2 = 9.01, P < 0.01) and lower percentage of sperm with normal morphology (chi 2 = 4.18, P < 0.05) than the reference group. Both unexposed Gln192 homozygotes (chi 2 = 4.90, P < 0.05) and exposed Arg192 homo/heterozygotes (chi 2 = 10.00, P < 0.01) showed significantly lower sperm concentrations than the reference group. In addition, exposed Arg192 homo/heterozygotes had significantly higher serum LH levels (chi 2 = 7.94, P < 0.01) than the reference group. CONCLUSIONS: Because of a small sample size, our findings are highly preliminary. Nevertheless, it calls for further investigation of the interaction between the PON1 genotype and organophosphate pesticide exposure on male reproductive outcomes.     

Lead exposure is associated with decreased serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and genotypes

Lead exposure causes cardiac and vascular damage in experimental animals. However, there is considerable debate regarding the causal relationship between lead exposure and cardiovascular dysfunction in humans. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein-associated antioxidant enzyme, is capable of hydrolyzing oxidized lipids and thus protects against atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that lead and several other metal ions are able to inhibit PON1 activity in vitro. To investigate whether lead exposure has influence on serum PON1 activity, we conducted a cross-sectional study of workers from a lead battery manufactory and lead recycling plant. Blood samples were analyzed for whole-blood lead levels, serum PON1 activity, and three common PON1 polymorphisms (Q192R, L55M, -108C/T). The mean blood lead level (+/-SD) of this cohort was 27.1+/-15 microg/dL. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that blood lead levels were significantly associated with decreased serum PON1 activity (p<0.001) in lead workers. This negative correlation was more evident for workers who carry the R192 allele, which has been suggested to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Taken together, our results suggest that the decrease in serum PON1 activity due to lead exposure may render individuals more susceptible to atherosclerosis, particularly subjects who are homozygous for the R192 allele.     

有机磷杀虫剂中毒致中间期肌无力综合征的遗传易感性研究

目的　探讨代谢酶基因多态性与有机磷杀虫剂 (OPs)中毒致中间期肌无力综合征(IMS)遗传易感性的关系 ,为IMS易感人群的筛选和保护提供依据。方法　以山东省某地区医院收治入院的 14 7位急性OPs中毒患者为研究对象 ,采集外周静脉血 ,检测全血胆碱酯酶 (ChE)活力 ,并以限制性片段长度多态性、等位基因特异性扩增和单链构象多态性PCR技术 ,分别对CYP2E1(10 91C→T)和GSTP1(313A→G )、CYP1A1(4889A→G)、PON1第 5 5位点 (L→M )、GSTM1和GSTT1进行基因分型。结果　急性OPs中毒者入院时全血ChE活力IMS患者为 (38 2 2±17 5 6 ) % ,非IMS患者为 (42 4 9± 16 2 3) % ,差异无显著性 ,但IMS患者入院后全血ChE活力恢复速度明显慢于非IMS患者。PON1第 5 5位点杂合子和突变纯合子、GSTM1缺失及其与GSTT1均缺失者在IMS患者的分布百分率分别为 4 1 7%、2 2 2 %、6 9 4 %和 4 1 7% ,显著多于非IMS患者的30 6 %、3 6 %、4 5 9%和 19 8%。结论　在有机磷及其混剂中毒患者中 ,PON1第 5 5位点含有突变型等位基因、GSTM1及其与GSTT1均缺失者发生IMS的危险性增高。     

上海市正常人群血清丁酰胆碱酯酶基因多态性研究

目的 描述上海市正常人群血清丁酰胆碱酯酶基因型的多态分布特点,为其他研究提供基线资料。方法选取100例无有机磷接触、无急慢性肝病史和慢性消耗性疾病的正常人群,应用PCR-RFIP法确定基因型。结果丁酰胆碱酯酶K(BCHE-K)变异的3种基因型UU、UK和KK在正常人群中的频率分别为。74％,25％和1％;等位基因U、K在正常人群中的频率分别为86．5％和13．5％。遗传平衡检验发现其达到Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡。结论上海市正常人群的BCHE-K位点的多态分布与欧美人群接近。     

Developmental Changes in PON1 Enzyme Activity in Young Children and Effects of PON1 Polymorphisms

Background

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme that detoxifies activated organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and is also involved in oxidative stress pathways.

Objectives

PON1 activity in newborns is lower than in adults, but the ontogeny of PON1 activity is poorly characterized in young children. We examined the effects of age and PON1 genotype on enzyme activity in a birth cohort of Mexican-American children.

Methods

We determined three substrate-specific measures of PON1 activity in 1,143 plasma samples collected longitudinally from 458 children at five time points from birth through 7 years of age, and genotyped PON1 polymorphisms at positions 192 and –108 in these children.

Results

Contrary to previous reports that PON1 activities plateau by 2 years of age, we observed an age-dependent increase in all three PON1 measures from birth through 7 years of age (p < 0.0001). The PON1₁₉₂ genotype significantly modified the effect of age on paraoxonase (POase) activity (p < 0.0001) such that increases in enzyme activity with age were influenced by the number of R alleles in a dose-dependent manner. Children with the PON1_-108CC192RR diplotype had significantly higher mean PON1 activities and also experienced steeper increases of POase activity over time compared with children with the PON1_-108TT192QQ diplotype.

Conclusions

Lower levels of the PON1 enzyme, which is involved in protection against OPs and oxidative stress, persist in young children past 2 years of age through at least 7 years of age. Future policies addressing pesticide exposure in children should take into account that the window of vulnerability to OPs in young children may last beyond infancy.     

Paraoxonase 1 Q192R (PON1-192) polymorphism is associated with reduced lipid peroxidation in R-allele-carrier but not in QQ homozygous elderly subjects on a tomato-rich diet

Summary. Background: The oxidative modification of LDL is considered to play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). Paraoxonase (PON1) protects LDL from oxidation and may therefore retard the developement of atherosclerosis. The PON1–192 polymorphism is associated with diminished PON1 concentrations and an increased risk for CHD in RR-allele subjects. Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of tomato juice consumption on PON1 activity and other parameters related to oxidative stress in healthy elderly subjects. Furthermore, the PON1–192 genotype has been determined in the volunteers in order to see whether possible treatment effects are related to the PON1–192 polymorphism. Methods: Fifty elderly subjects were randomly assigned to control (mineral water) or intervention group (tomato juice). Subjects of the tomato juice group consumed daily 330 mL tomato juice for 8 weeks. Antioxidant status was measured as LDL oxidation, plasma malondialdehyde, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and PON1 activity. The PON1–192 polymorphism was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). Plasma carotenoids were analyzed by HPLC. Results: Tomato juice consumption reduced LDL-oxidation and improved antioxidant status in R-allele carriers, but not in the QQ genotype group. PON1 activity increased irrespective of the genotype in both, control and intervention group. Conclusions: The changes in antioxidant status after tomato juice consumption seem to depend on the PON1–192 genotype. Healthy elderly, carrying the R-allele, could specificly reduce their higher cardiovascular risk by changing dietary habits. Received: 9 October 2002, Accepted: 28 October 2002 Correspondence to: Achim Bub     

Effect of cigarette smoking on paraoxonase?1 activity according to PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R gene polymorphisms

Objective

This study aims to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity according to PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R gene polymorphisms.

Materials and methods

Our sample included 300 voluntary subjects: 138 nonsmokers and 162 current smokers aged 38.47 ± 21.91 and 35.55 ± 16.03 years, respectively. PON1 activity was determined by kinetic methods. L55M and Q192R gene polymorphisms of PON1 were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

Results

We found in smokers a significant decrease of PON1 activity before and after adjustment. We noted a significant association between smoking status and lower PON1 activity [odds ratio (OR) = 3.03, confidence interval 95% = 1.5–5.9, p = 0.001]. In smokers, there was significant association between PON1 activity and PON1 L55M polymorphisms (p = 0.01). Also, the 55MM genotype presented the lowest paraoxonase activity, while the 55LL genotype showed the highest one. After adjustment for confounding variables, smokers with PON1 L55M polymorphism had the highest risk for lower PON1 activity; however, PON1 Q192R genotype might protect smokers from decrease in PON1 activity. We found significant interaction between the effect of cigarette smoking and both PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R polymorphisms on lower PON1 activity.

Conclusions

Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with decrease in PON1 activity. Moreover, PON1 L55M polymorphism predisposes smokers to decreased PON1 activity in contrast to PON1 Q192R genotype.     

对氧磷酶和谷胱甘肽S转移酶基因多态性与农药暴露花卉种植者的健康关系研究

目的 探讨花卉种植者(花农)对氧磷酶及谷胱甘肽S转移酶基因多态性的分布情况,并分析基因多态性与健康的关系.方法 选择云南省某村136名从事花卉种植的花农作为暴露组(男性74名,女性62名);41名不使用农药的同村居民作为对照组(男性16名,女性25名);进行问卷调查和体格检查,并采集血液样本,分析血常规、肝功能、激素水平、免疫球蛋白(IgM、IgG、IgA)和全血乙酰胆碱酯酶活性.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)检测PON1-107、PON1 192、GST M1、T1基因型.结果 (1)对照组球蛋白高于暴露组(β=-0.16,t=-2.30,P=0.02),而白蛋白与球蛋白的比(白球比)低于暴露组(β=0.14,t=2.09,P=0.04);(2)PON1 192位点分析显示,QQ基因型个体症状积分高于RR基因型个体(t=-2.78,P=0.006);(3)GSTT1-的个体分析显示,球蛋白高于GSTT1+的个体(β=-0.20,t=-3.01,P=0.00),IgG高于GST T1+的个体(β=-0.15,t=-2.15,P=0.03),而白球比低于GST T1+的个体(β=0.17,t=2.54,P=0.01);(4)农药暴露者心电图异常情况增加(β=1.147,P=0.042).结论 PON1 192和GST T1位点与农药暴露后的花农健康状况相关.