夹闭大鼠双侧颈总动脉对胃酸分泌的影响

用动脉夹夹闭麻醉大鼠双侧颈总动脉致脑供血不足,观察了脑供血不足后胃酸分泌量的变化。经食道插管向胃内输入生理盐水(37℃,pH=7.0),由幽门插管收集灌流液,每15min收集1个样品,用5mmol/LNaOH滴定灌流液中的H 分泌量。比较夹闭双侧颈总动脉前45min、夹闭45min期间以及恢复脑供血45min胃酸分泌量的变化。结果表明:夹闭双侧颈总动脉期间胃酸分泌量显著增多(由夹闭前的6.06μmol/15min,增加到夹闭期间的7.59μmol/15min,P<0.01);恢复供血后与夹闭前相比胃酸分泌量无显著变化(夹闭前6.06μmol/15min,恢复供血后5.67μmol/15min,P>0.05)。这些结果说明:夹闭双侧颈总动脉造成脑供血不足可增加胃酸的分泌。     

家兔急性前脑缺血再灌流损伤的实验研究

为探讨不同时间急性脑缺血再灌流后脑损伤的恢复情况,本实验在20只家兔以结扎双侧椎动脉及夹闭双侧颈总动脉造成急性前脑缺血,观测于不同时间缺血后开放双侧颈总动脉夹进行再灌流2小时后的脑组织损伤特     

缺血后适应对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响

目的：探讨缺血后适应对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响。方法:应用线栓法制作大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型；21只雄性SD大鼠随机分为缺血/再灌注组、夹闭单侧颈总动脉后处理组和夹闭双侧颈总动脉后处理组，每组7只。再灌注48 h，测定脑梗死体积；拔栓后1 h及处死大鼠前进行神经功能测定；梗死即刻、梗死后10 min、术中1 h、拔栓后即刻、每次夹/松颈总动脉时、干预后30 min等15个时点监测脑血流。结果:夹闭单侧、双侧颈总动脉后处理组大鼠脑组织梗死体积与缺血/再灌注组相比明显减小，有显著差异；3组脑血流各个时点方差分析差异无显著，但是夹闭双侧颈总动脉后处理组干预30 min后脑血流百分比较缺血/再灌注组、夹闭单侧颈总动脉后处理组降低9％。手术后1 h 3组神经功能评分P<0.05，差异显著，夹闭单侧、双侧颈总动脉后处理组神经功能缺损均比缺血/再灌注组减轻。结论:缺血后适应能够明显减小梗塞体积，改善大鼠术后1h神经功能评分，可能与缺血后适应调节早期再灌注时血流动力学状态有关。     

体温对小鼠脑缺血再灌学习记忆障碍模型的影响

小鼠反复脑缺血再灌引起学习记忆障碍模型已有报导，我们以水迷路实验成绩为评价指标，并测定脑内乳酸水平检测其代谢情况，评价了温度对此模型的影响。实验用昆明雄性小鼠２５～２８ｇ，水合氯醛麻醉下颈正中切口分离双侧颈总动脉，并用无损动脉夹夹闭动脉。缺血方式采用...     

孕酮对前脑缺血沙土鼠海马受损神经元的保护作用及其机制

本实验应用免疫细胞化学技术、HE染色和Nissl染色方法观察孕酮对前脑缺血沙土鼠海马受损神经元的保护作用及其机制。本研究选用24只成年、健康、雄性沙土鼠,随机分为三组:脑缺血组,沙土鼠被麻醉后,颈部正中切口,分离双侧颈总动脉,用动脉夹同时夹闭双侧颈总动脉,阻断血流20min后去除动脉夹恢复血流,缝合颈部切口,制成沙土鼠前脑缺血再灌动物模型;假手术组动物除不阻断血流外,其它步骤同动物模型的制备;孕酮实验组则在前脑缺血后腹腔注射孕酮(40mg/kg)。结果如下:1HE染色和Nissl染色,前脑缺血20min后沙土鼠背侧海马CA1区锥体细胞数目明显…     

沙土鼠缺血再灌流中脑组织血流量和NO的变化

目的探讨沙土鼠缺血再灌流中脑组织血流量和NO的变化。方法蒙古沙土鼠 ,夹闭双侧颈总动脉造成单纯脑缺血模型 ,再灌流后30min～6h ,激光血流量计测定脑组织血流量及血中的NO。结果阻断沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉后 ,脑组织血流量严重减少 ,为正常的11.98 %。再灌后30min～6h软脑膜血流量为正常的62.0 % ,没有恢复到正常水平。缺血后15～30min脑组织中的NO含量明显下降 ,再灌后30min脑组织NO开始回升 ,再灌1～6hNO的含量回到缺血前的水平。血浆中NO含量在缺血后15min明显升高 ,再灌后30min血浆中NO含量明显上升 ,持续到再灌后6h。结论沙土鼠结扎颈总动脉阻断脑的血液供应后脑组织严重缺血 ,内皮产生NO的不足 ,再灌1～6h脑组织、血浆中NO的含量回到缺血前的水平     

脑缺血再灌注后小鼠海马神经前体细胞的增殖

目的:研究小鼠脑缺血再灌注后海马神经前体细胞的增殖。方法:采用无创微动脉夹夹闭小鼠双侧颈总动脉0·5h的方法制作脑缺血再灌注动物模型。分正常对照组、假手术组、实验组小鼠脑缺血再灌注后1、3、5、7、14、21、28d组,共7个时相点。各组小鼠于各时相点处死前注射5-溴脱氧尿苷嘧啶(BrdU)。处死后取出脑组织制备石蜡切片进行Nissl染色,BrdU免疫组织化学显色,观察脑组织缺血后的病理变化并比较缺血后不同时相点神经前体细胞增殖的差异。同时从小鼠心采血进行血气分析。结果:夹闭小鼠双侧颈总动脉的脑缺血再灌注模型可致PO2明显降低,PCO2明显升高,大脑皮质出现了缺血的形态学变化。小鼠海马BrdU 细胞在脑缺血再灌注后1d开始增加,7d达到高峰,28d恢复正常水平。结论:夹闭双侧颈总动脉是致小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的理想模型。小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤能激活海马神经前体细胞的增殖,并在术后7d达峰值。     

麦牙醇对大鼠不完全脑缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

目的　研究麦芽醇 (Maltol,MT)对大鼠海马组织不完全性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法　Wistar大鼠双侧颈总动脉夹闭 30min,造成不完全脑缺血 ,松开动脉夹即为再灌注。 2 4只大鼠随机分为三组 :(1 )假手术对照组 (SOC) ,相同手术操作 ,但不夹闭动脉 ;(2 )缺血再灌注组 (IR) ,再灌注 1h ;(3)麦芽醇治疗组 (MT) ,夹闭动脉前后静脉注射 70 0 μmol·L- 1 麦芽醇生理盐水。 3组动物均于再灌注后测海马组织中的丙二醛 (MDA)值、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和ATP酶活性。结果　缺血再灌注组MDA明显升高 (P <0 0 1 ) ,SOD、ATP酶活性明显降低 (P <0 0 1 ) ,MT能降低升高的MDA值 ,改善ATP酶活性 (P <0 0 1 )。但不能改善SOD活性。结论　麦芽醇能清除氧自由基 ,减少脂质过氧反应 ,改善ATP酶活性 ,从而减轻海马组织缺血再灌注损伤。     

大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤对脑微血管通透性的影响

目的 :探讨大鼠脑缺血 -再灌注后脑组织微血管通透性的变化规律 ,为进一步探讨脑缺血及再灌注损伤机制提供参考数据。方法 :应用荧光素钠 (分子量 3 86 ,Fl Na)和 FITC标记的右旋糖苷( FD4,分子量 40 0 0 )为荧光示踪剂 ,以单侧颈总动脉远心端及同侧颈静脉插管并连接二管造成颈总动脉向颈静脉的引流 ,同时用动脉夹夹闭对侧颈总动脉造成脑缺血模型。缺血 1h后松开动脉夹并中断引流造成再灌注模型。测量脑组织荧光强度反映脑微血管通透性的变化。结果 :单纯的脑缺血即可引起脑组织微血管通透性的增强 ,再灌注后对小分子量物质的通透性随再灌注时间的延长有增加的趋势 ,而对较大分子量物质的通透性基本维持在同一水平。结论 :即使是在再灌注损伤最严重时 ,脑微血管对较大分子量的物质通透仍不明显 ,说明血 -脑屏障的存在可以有效地防止有害物质通过微血管壁侵入脑组织 ,但一旦进入脑组织 ,将滞留于脑组织中不易清除。     

研究麦芽醇对大鼠海马不完全性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的　研究麦芽醇对大鼠海马组织不完全性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :Wistar大鼠双侧颈总动脉夹闭 3 0min ,造成不完全脑缺血 ,松开动脉夹即为灌注。大鼠随机分为三组 :(1 )假手术对照组 (SOC) ,相同手术操作 ,但不夹闭动脉 ;(2 )缺血再灌注组 (IR) ,再灌注 1h ;(3 )麦芽醇治疗组 (MT) ,夹闭动脉前后静脉注射 70 0μmol/L麦芽醇生理盐水。 3组动物均于再灌注后测海马组织中的丙二醛 (MDA)值 ,超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和ATP酶活性。结果 :缺血再灌注组MDA明显升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,SOD、ATP酶活性明显降低 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;MT能降低升高的MDA值 ,改善ATP酶活性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,但不能改善SOD活性。结论 :麦芽醇能清除氧自由基 ,减少脂质过氧反应 ,改善ATP酶活性 ,从而减轻海马组织缺血再灌注损伤     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995