标准大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损效果观察

目的分析标准大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果。方法将64例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为2组,各32例。对照组实施常规骨瓣开颅减压手术,观察组给予标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术。观察2组的治疗临床效果及术后并发症情况。结果观察组治愈率高于常规组,并发症发生率明显低于常规组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与常规骨瓣开颅减压手术相比,对重型颅脑损伤患者实施标准大骨瓣开颅减压术,治愈率高、术后并发症发生率低,可明显改善预后。     

标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤体会

目的探讨应用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法对阿拉善中心医院2001年至2007年采用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗的92例重型颅脑损伤进行分析（其中GCS评分：6～8分52例,3—5分40例）。结果本组患者存活74例（80．4％）,根据ADL（日常生活能力）分级：Ⅰ级29例（31．5％）,Ⅱ级25例（27．2％）,Ⅲ级18例（19．6％）,Ⅳ级2例（2．2％）。死亡18例（19．6％）。结论标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术在重型颅脑损伤救治中具有明显优越性,可降低死亡率。     

标准大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的体会

目的评价标准大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本院98例重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料和治疗情况,其中42例采用传统的开颅减压手术治疗的患者作为对照组,另56例采用标准大骨瓣开颅减压治疗的重型颅脑损伤患者作为观察组。两组患者治疗结束后,随访观察半年。结果观察组的治愈率为35.71%,死亡率为3.57%,并发症发生率为21.43%,观察组临床效果明显好于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论应用标准大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤可显著降低患者的死亡率、致残率及并发症率、缩短平均住院时间、减少住院费用等优点,但不能盲目推广应用,应严格把握其手术适应证。     

标准大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤临床价值研究

目的 探讨标准大骨瓣开颅减压术对重型颅脑损伤患者的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2018-12—2021-09汝州市第一人民医院神经外科行开颅减压术治疗的102例重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料.按照开颅减压术式分为标准大骨瓣组和常规骨瓣组,各51例.比较2组患者的基线资料.术前、术后1周采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHS...     

标准外伤大骨瓣减压术与常规骨瓣开颅术的疗效比较

颅脑损伤是一种常见的神经外科疾病．重型死亡率一直保持在30％～50％左右。Becker等主张采用标准外伤骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑伤合并急性幕上颅内血肿和脑挫裂伤、恶性颅内高压病人以来，此术式在欧美国家临床得到广泛应用，在我国越来越多的临床工作者也采用标准外伤大骨瓣减压术，并且报道效果良好。本文统计了本院从1999年1月至2007年2月共97例闭合性重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料。现报告如下。     

标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤

目的评价标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术(standard large traume craniotomy)对重型颅脑损伤的治疗效果。方法对38例重型颅脑损伤患者行标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术，清除血肿和去骨瓣减压。结果38例中，恢复良好21例，中残6例，重残3例，死亡8例，与同期34例行常规额颞项骨瓣开颅组比较，疗效有显著性差异。结论标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术适用于急性单侧幕上颅内血肿、脑挫裂伤以及单侧大脑半球肿胀，具有如下优点：(1)暴露广泛，术中急性脑膨出发生率低；(2)减压充分，脑疝易于复位；(3)可增加术中硬脑膜修补的机会。     

大骨瓣开颅术后颅骨缺损的修补体会

因重型颅脑损伤患者的增多,大骨瓣开颅术在基层医院的推广,术后巨大颅骨缺损的患者也在增多。本院从2001至2006年共收治巨大颅骨缺损修补术患者11例,现将其修补体会报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料:男性9例,女性2例;年龄20～46岁,平均年龄35.6岁。颅骨缺     

对大骨瓣减压术后并发症的探讨

重型颅脑损伤是各种外伤中最严重的损伤，是致死的主要原因。在救治此类病人时，大骨瓣开颅术越来越多地被人们所采用，其救治效果是肯定的，我院自1996年1月～2002年11月共收治此类病人296例，死亡108例，抢救成功率为63．52％。     

标准大骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤效果观察

目的探讨标准大骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤的效果。方法随机将84例重型颅脑损伤患者分为2组,每组42例。对照组实施常规骨瓣开颅术,观察组行标准大骨瓣开颅术。比较分析2组手术前后颅内压水平、并发症发生率及预后效果。结果 2组术后7 d颅内压水平较术前均有明显改善。观察组改善情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率、病死率、植物生存率低于对照组,预后良好率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论标准大骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤,可有效改善患者的颅内高压,并发症少,病死率低和生活质量高。     

大骨瓣开颅去骨瓣减压治疗重型颅脑损伤临床分析

重型颅脑损伤(severe craniocerebral injury,SCI)是目前青壮年常见的致死原因,且致残率也很高。常规手术治疗对脑挫伤严重,组织细胞水肿,颅内压显著增高患者不能充分减压,降低颅内压,难以改善脑循环,恢复神经细胞功能,临床疗效欠佳。我院自1998年1月至2007年1月共收治SCI患者(     

去骨瓣减压对外伤性脑血管痉挛状态影响的研究

目的 通过对去骨瓣减压术后患者情况综合研究外伤性脑血管痉挛（CVS）的危险因素. 方法 对本院2010年3月至2011年3月收治的30例幕上急性硬膜外血肿合并外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的脑疝患者,首先予经颅多普勒超声（TCD）检测,并予脑室穿刺行颅内压动态监测,再行去骨瓣减压术,术后连续7天行TCD及颅内压监测并作相关数据分析. 结果 18例发生CVS（占60％）,脑中线结构钟摆程度≥2cm的CVS发生率显著高于脑中线结构钟摆程度＜2cm;t-SAH积血Hijdra法计算6分以下20例中有9例（45％）、6以上10例中有9例（90％）发生CVS;脑疝至手术处理时间2小时以上3例中有3例（100％）、2小时以下27例中有15例（55.6％）发生CVS;手术进行硬膜下探查19例中有8例（50％）、未探查11例中有10例（90.9％）发生CVS;年龄＞50岁18例中有6例（33.3％）、＜50岁12例（40％）中有12例（100％）发生CVS. 结论 经血肿清除及去骨瓣减压术后的患者所发生的脑血管痉挛情况与患者术前术后脑中线结构钟摆程度、蛛网膜下腔出血量、脑疝至手术处理时间的长短、是否进行硬膜下探查、年龄等情况有关.     

Functional recovery after decompressive craniectomy for cerebral infarction

There is continuing controversy about the benefits of decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of lesions causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain edema. Laboratory work has shown a decrease in ICP after craniectomy, but also a paradoxical enhancement in the formation of underlying cerebral edema, which may act to the detriment of the patient. Since Rengachary et al. advocated craniectomy for massive cerebral infarction and reported their group of three patients, we have managed five patients with acute supratentorial cerebral infarction who progressed to uncal herniation and impending death from raised ICP and brain stem compression. All were treated with frontotemporal craniectomy after conventional medical therapy failed to achieve a response. All patients survived and are walking, despite a paresis appropriate to their original stroke. Two have returned to work. Good results with supratentorial craniectomy after infarction show that this procedure is life-saving and can also give acceptable functional recovery.     

Osteoplastic decompressive craniotomy--an alternative to decompressive craniectomy

Background  

In spite of various degrees of brain expansion, decompressive surgery is usually carried out using decompressive craniectomy (DC). After craniectomy it is necessary to perform cranioplasty, which prolongs hospitalization and is not always without complications. Hence, in situations when cranial decompression is indicated, but DC would be too radical, we do not remove the bone flap, and we perform so-called osteoplastic decompressive craniotomy (ODC). The technique is detailed.     

Histopathology of subcutaneously preserved autologous bone flap after decompressive craniectomy: a prospective study

Background

Limited reports are available regarding the viability of subcutaneously preserved autologous bone flaps after decompressive craniectomy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the histopathological changes in these autologous bone flaps.

Methods

Between January 2011 and July 2012, 50 patients were prospectively studied at the time of cranioplasty. Bone flap retrieved from the abdominal wall was subjected to histopathological examination to look for mononuclear cell infiltration into the Haversian system, presence of osteocytes, osteoblastic activity, angiogenesis and new bone formation. Microbiological culture of bone specimens was also done.

Results

Of the 50 patients, there were 40 cases of trauma, 6 of aneurysmal bleed, 2 of tumor, and a single case of intracerebral hemorrhage and middle cerebral artery infarct, respectively. Mean age of the patients was 35.8 years (range, 10–64 years). Histopathological examination revealed the presence of osteocytes in 86 %, which indicates the viability of bone flaps. Osteoblastic activity was noted in 38 % and angiogenesis in 14 % of bone flaps, respectively. New bone formation was found in 6 %, and all had underlying osteoblastic activity. No significant correlation was found between the presence of osteocytes, osteoblasts, angiogenesis and duration of preservation of bone flaps. Acinetobacter species were cultured in a single patient. However, there was no evidence of clinical infection.

Conclusions

Subcutaneously preserved bone flap in the anterior abdominal wall remains viable and retains its osteogenic potential, and it is a simple, cost-effective option for storage of bone flaps during decompressive craniotomy. It has a negligible infection rate.     

Delayed paradoxical herniation after a decompressive craniectomy: case report

BACKGROUND: Paradoxical herniation can occur as a complication of lumbar puncture in patients who had a decompressive craniectomy. The supposed mechanism is the development of a negative pressure gradient that allows the brain to shift toward the infratentorial space with subsequent herniation. Trendelenburg position plus early cranioplasty has been the suggested treatment to eliminate the gradient. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 53-year-old woman had a decompressive hemicraniectomy for SAH-related swelling. A lumbar puncture was performed on postoperative day 5 to rule out infection. She remained neurologically stable until 6 weeks later, when she deteriorated because of a paradoxical herniation. Head positioning and cranioplasty were only temporarily helpful. She developed a second episode of decline a few days later due to an extraaxial CSF collection. A lumbar blood patch plus drainage of the collection successfully allowed full neurologic recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Cranioplasty and head positioning alone might not be sufficient to eliminate the negative pressure gradient. A blood patch should be part of the management of paradoxical herniation.