4 种水果的致突变及抗突变同步试验

 目的　为筛选有抗突变作用的天然水果。方法　采用抗突变和致突变同步快速试验对猕猴桃、石榴籽、冬雪蜜桃及野茄果 4种可食性水果进行了试验。做加和不加大鼠肝脏微粒体酶(S9)的两种试验。结果　全部受试物均未发现致突变毒性 ;猕猴桃及石榴籽显示对丝裂霉素C引起的致突变作用有拮抗效应 ;冬雪蜜桃有间接抗突变作用 ;野茄果未显示抗突变性。结论　猕猴桃、石榴籽及冬雪蜜桃是抗突变剂。     

Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Extracts of Thai Northern Purple Rice

Purple rice (Oryza sativa L. var. indica) cv. Kum Doisaket is cultivated in northern Thailand. This studyevaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of hydrophilic and lipophilic components of purple riceusing the Ames test. The seed and hull of purple rice were extracted with hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water.The methanol extracts had the highest amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids, while the hexane extractscontained large amount of tocols and γ-oryzanol. None of the extracts were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimuriumstrains TA98 and TA100. The hexane extract of rice hull and the methanol extract of rice seed were stronglyeffective against aflatoxin B1- and 2-amino-3, 4 dimethylimidazo (4, 5-f) quinoline-induced mutagenesis, whileaqueous extracts showed weakly antimutagenic properties. All extracts with the exception of aqueous extractsenhanced the number of revertant colonies from benzo (a) pyrene induced-mutagenesis. None of the extractsinhibited mutagenesis induced by the direct mutagens 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide and sodiumazide. The hull extracts showed more potent antimutagenicity than the seed extracts. Based on a chemicalanalysis, γ-oryzanol and γ-tocotrienol in the hull and cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside in the seedare candidate antimutagens in purple rice. The antimutagenic mechanisms of purple rice might be related toeither modulation of mutagen metabolizing enzymes or direct attack on electrophiles. These findings supportedthe use of Thai purple rice as a cancer chemopreventive agent.     

Effects of Nine Active Ingredients in Chinese Herbal Medicine Sho-saiko-to on 2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acryIamide Mutagenicity

The antimutagenic effects of nine active compounds in the Chinese herbal medicine "sho-saiko-to" on mutagenesis induced by a direct-acting mutagen, 2-(2-furyI)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2) were investigated in Salmonella typhimurium , strain TA100. The active compounds examined were classified into two major groups, saponins and flavonoids, the former comprising glycyrrhizin, saikosaponins a, c and d, and ginsenosides Rbl and Rgl, and the latter, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin. Saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rbl were found to reduce the mutagenicity of AF-2 significantly when applied post-AF-2-treatment in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Ginsenoside Rbl also decreased the mutagenic activity of AF-2 in a simultaneous treatment protocol. The results indicate that saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rbl may enhance DNA repair, and ginsenoside Rbl may also have the ability to inactivate the mutagenic activity of AF-2 directly. On the other hand, saikosaponin d and baicalin showed a slight enhancing effect. None of the compounds, except baicalein, showed any toxic effect on the test strain. These findings may be useful for the development of chemopreventive agents.     

Ames实验对叶黄素的致突变性与抗突变性研究

背景与目的研究不同剂量的叶黄素致突变性、抗突变性及抗突变机理的初步分析。材料与方法采用Ames试验常规方法进行检测。结果1335μg/皿、668μg/皿、334μg/皿和167μg/皿剂量的叶黄素对TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株在加与不加S9条件下均无致突变性;对TA98和TA100菌株具有显著的抗突变作用。结论在本实验条件下,叶黄素对Ames试验无致突变性,且有显著的抗突变作用,抗突变的机理为叶黄素具有综合的抗突变作用。     

Fruits,Vegetables and the Risk of Cancer: a Multisite Case-Control Study in Uruguay

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that high intake of fruit and vegetables may decrease the riskof a wide range of cancers, but this evidence has been challenged by the results of recent studies. Methods: Tofurther explore the association between fruit and vegetable intake and cancer risk we conducted a case-controlstudy of 11 cancer sites in Uruguay between 1996 and 2004, including 3,539 cancer cases and 2,032 hospitalcontrols. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)of cancer associations. Results: In the multivariable model higher intake of fruits and vegetables combined wasassociated with a decreased risk of cancers of the esophagus (odds ratio, OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.42-0.97), lung(OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.57-0.98), breast (OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.31-0.71), prostate (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.92)and all sites combined (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.61-0.87). When evaluated separately, fruit intake was more stronglyassociated with decreased cancer risk than vegetables. These inverse associations were mainly observed in men,among persons with high intake of meat, alcohol drinkers and among smokers. Conclusion: Our results providesome evidence that high intake of fruits and vegetables and particularly fruit may decrease the risk of cancer.However, because of the possibility that these findings could be due to residual confounding from intake ofmeat, alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking, further studies in populations with a large number of participantswith low or no exposure to these potential confounding factors are warranted.     

北豆根多糖的致突变性与抗突变性研究

目的 应用Ames试验和小鼠微核试验,研究北豆根多糖在不同剂量下的致突变作用和抗突变作用.方法 Ames试验采用预培养法,微核试验采用连续ip给药11天的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核计数法.结果 北豆根多糖在＜2 000 μg/皿和＜40 mg/kg剂量下,未诱发Ames试验各菌株回变菌落数的增高和微核试验骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的增高.Ames试验在北豆根多糖500 μg-1 000 μg/皿浓度范围,可使阳性剂环磷酰胺和丝裂霉素C所诱发的高回变菌落数出现明显降低;微核试验在北豆根多糖20 mg-40 mg/kg剂量范围,可使阳性剂40 mg/kg环磷酰胺或2 mg/kg丝裂霉素C所诱发的高微核率出现明显降低.结论 北豆根多糖不存在基因突变和染色体畸变作用,具有对抗和减轻致突变剂环磷酰胺和丝裂霉素C的抗突变作用.     

口腔卫生、蔬菜水果摄入与牙龈癌发病风险的相关性

目的 探讨口腔卫生、蔬菜水果摄入与牙龈癌的关系。 方法 采用病例对照研究,对2010年10月—2016年11月确诊的131例新发牙龈癌患者及669例健康人群进行问卷调查。采用非条件Logistic回归分析探讨口腔卫生及蔬菜水果摄入与牙龈癌发病的关系。结果 分析结果显示：刷牙频率<2次/天,缺失牙齿、佩戴假牙、无规律性看牙医及复发性口腔溃疡可增大牙龈癌的发病风险。构建口腔卫生综合指数,分析显示口腔卫生综合指数得分3~5分者患牙龈癌的风险是0~2分者的6.991倍（95%CI: 4.267, 11.453）。此外,进食绿叶蔬菜<2次/天、非绿叶蔬菜<2次/天、水果<1次/天是牙龈癌发病的危险因素。按绿叶蔬菜、非绿叶蔬菜及水果分层,结果显示口腔卫生指数得分3~5分者在各分组中均较0~2分者患牙龈癌的风险更大,并且食用绿叶蔬菜、非绿叶蔬菜及水果的频率较低者患牙龈癌的风险均高于频率较高者。此外,口腔卫生与绿叶蔬菜、非绿叶蔬菜及水果均存在正相乘交互作用。结论 口腔卫生综合指数得分越高者患牙龈癌的风险越大,并且进食绿叶蔬菜<2次/天、非绿叶蔬菜<2次/天、水果<1次/天可增大牙龈癌的发病风险。     

54. The Study on the Mutagenicity of Organic Extracts from Fish Raised in Water Containing Effluent

objective: To assess the cytogenetic toxicological safety of fish raised in water containing effluent. Methods: Three experimental groups of fish were raised in water that contained effluent. Both fish samples and water samples were collected and analyzed. One group of fish raised in YuQiao reservoir (The source of drinking-water for Tianjin) and a reservoir water sample were collected at the same time as the clean control group. The mutagenicity of organic extracts of the fish was detected using the mice bone marrow micronucleus test and the mutagenicity of the water samples was detected using the micronucleus test of vicia faba root tip cells. Results: The results of the mice bone marrow micronucleus test on organic extracts of the fish showed that the micronucleus rates of the three experimental groups were significantly higher than that of the negative control group (peanut oil) and the clean control group (P<0.01). The results of the micronucleus test of vicia faba root tip cells showed that the micronucleus rates in groups of water that contained effluent were significantly higher than that of the negative control group (distilled water) (P<0.01) while the micronucleus rates showed no significant difference between the reservoir water and the negative control group (P>0.05) Conclusions: The results indicate that the water containing effluent and the fish raised in this kind of water contain some kinds of organic mutagenic compounds, which might have some potentially hazardous effects on human beings through the food chains.     

御生堂减肥胶囊的急性毒性及致突变性

背景与目的:测试御生堂减肥胶囊的急性毒性及致突变性.材料与方法:按<食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法>进行了小鼠的急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验及Ames试验.结果:小鼠LD50＞215 000mg/kg,小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验测试组和对照组相比差异均无显著性,Ames试验中不同剂量组在加S9和不加S9条件下的回变菌落数均未超过空白对照组回变菌落数的2倍;大鼠30 d喂养试验各剂量组动物生长发育良好,血液及生化指标均在正常范围内,各试验组与对照组比较差异无显著性,病理学检查结果肝、肾、胃、肠均正常.结论:御生堂减肥胶囊属无毒物质,致突变试验及30 d喂养试验均为阴性结果.     

Lead Levels in Vegetables from Artisanal Mining Sites of Dilimi River,Bukuru and Barkin Ladi North Central Nigeria: Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk Assessment

Lead (Pb) contamination of foods and especially of frequently consumed vegetables is a growing public health concern worldwide. Although levels of exposure in developed countries have declined over the past decades, the same cannot be said of developing countries. Health risk assessment has increasingly been employed to determine the potential hazard of heavy metal exposure to humans. In this study vegetable samples (tomatoes, red pepper, brown beans, lettuce, cabbage, Irish potatoes, onions, green beans and carrot), soil samples, irrigation water and sediment samples were collected from the Dilimi River, Bukuru and Barkin Ladi communities in north central Nigeria and analyzed for Pb content using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed levels with ranges from 0.5 – 2.4 mg/kg (Dilimi River), 0.3 – 1.7 mg/kg (Barkin Ladi) and 1.46 – 1.89 mg/kg (Bukuru) in vegetables were largely above the maximum permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO. The lead levels found in soil samples, which ranged from 9.19 – 36.042 mg/kg, also exceeded some safety standards. At least 75% of the calculated estimated daily intakes of Pb from different vegetable samples were also higher than the permissible tolerable daily intakes PTDI (0.0035 mg/kg day-1) of Pb in both adults and children. Target hazard quotient THQ values > 1 were also observed in children. In conclusion, there is a health risk from consumption of vegetables in these mining communities.     

特丁净致突变性与蓄积毒性实验研究

【摘要】 背景与目的: 研究特丁净的致突变性与蓄积毒性。 材料与方法: 采用小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验),小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验,固定剂量蓄积毒性系数法。 结果: 小鼠睾丸M1期精母细胞染色体畸变数阴性对照组与特丁净各剂量组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 而阴性对照组和特丁净各剂量组均低于环磷酰胺组(P<0.05);小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核率阴性对照组与特丁净原药各剂量组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而阴性对照组和特丁净各剂量组均明显低于环磷酰胺组(P<0.01);四株试验菌在各试验剂量下(活化或非活化)均没有引起自发回变数呈2倍的增加,5.0 mg/皿剂量组对四个菌株均有抑菌作用,而0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/皿组无剂量反应关系。特丁净原药蓄积系数为1.4。 结论: 特丁净原药根据《农药登记毒理学试验方法》评定标准,未呈现致突变性,小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验在所选剂量范围内结果为阴性,小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验在所选剂量范围内结果为阴性,但蓄积毒性明显。     

女性尿道癌（附7例报告）

本文报告女性尿道癌7例,年龄在46～60岁间,病理上以鳞状上皮癌为多见(4例)。病因尚不清楚,但慢性刺激、尿道肉阜、尿道憩室、尿道狭窄与尿道癌发生有一定关系。7例中手术治疗4例,其中3例行前盆腔脏器切除,输尿管乙状结肠吻合术,2例并行淋巴结清扫术,但疗效均不满意。另1例行全尿道连同膀胱颈以及小阴唇切除后做膀胱肌瓣尿道成形术,随访2年,排尿正常。     

脾脏原发性恶性肿瘤

报告原发性脾脏恶性肿瘤7例。临床以左上腹不适，左上腹肿块及体重下降、发热、贫血、白细胞减少及血小板减少为主要特点。病理以淋巴系统及血管源性恶性肿瘤多见。治疗以手术和化疗等手段为主。早期发现、早期手术对提高疗效是非常重要的。     

Mutagenicity and recombinogenicity of daunomycin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The antineoplastic antibiotic daunomycin was tested for mutagenic and recombinogenic effects in haploid and diploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This antibiotic failed to induce mutations to lysine and histidine independence in the haploid strain, XV 185-14C, carrying the auxotrophic markers lysl-1 and hisl-7. On the contrary, daunomycin did induce aberrant colonies, including reciprocal products of mitotic crossing over in the diploid strain D7. The results suggest that while daunomycin may be recombinogenic, its mutagenic effects, if any, are either highly specific or negligible. The significance of these results in evaluating the mutagenic/carcinogenic potential of antitumor agents is discussed.     

煤尘颗粒及其与苯并(a)芘混合物的致突变性研究

背景与目的:探讨煤尘颗粒的致突变作用.材料与方法:采用Ames试验和姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)试验检测烟煤、无烟煤、褐煤粉尘颗粒及其与苯并(a)芘混合物的混悬液的致突变性.Ames试验采用TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株,将3种煤尘颗粒及其与苯并(a)芘混合物各分为5000、500、50和5μg/皿4个剂量组,并分为加与不加S9两部分,细菌37℃培养48 h后计算回变菌落数;SCE试验采用健康成人外周血淋巴细胞,煤尘颗粒及其与苯并(a)芘混合物样品分为500、50和5μg/皿3个剂量组,标本37℃培养72h后制成染色体并计数染色单体交换频率(SCEs).2个试验均设阴性和阳性对照组,各剂量组均设3个平行样.结果:3种煤尘在加与不加S9时,其菌落数均不超过自发回变菌落数(SRM)的2倍,各剂量组之间无剂量效应关系,煤尘一苯并(a)芘混合物的菌落数与苯并(a)芘的菌落数相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而且3种煤尘颗粒及其苯并(a)芘混合物组与对照组相比,均不能使SCEs显著升高(P＞0.05).结论:在本实验条件下,3种煤尘及其苯并(a)芘混合物均无致突变作用.     

泰兴市枯、丰水期不同水体致突变性与胃、食管和肝癌高发的关系

目的 :检测泰兴地区枯水期和丰水期不同水体的致突变性 ,并研究其与当地胃、食管和肝癌发生的相关关系。方法 :采用蚕豆根尖微核试验和慧星实验方法 ,检测泰兴市枯水期 97份和丰水期 10 1份水样的致突变性。结果 :水体致突变性呈塘水 >河水 >井水的规律 ;相同地区水体的致突变性在枯水期比丰水期强 ;枯水期河水和塘水诱发的微核效应与当地肝癌、胃癌和食管癌发病率有高度的正相关 ,而丰水期仅塘水微核效应与胃癌发病率有正相关 ;诱发微核率较高的井水、河水和沟塘水对人淋巴细胞都具有致突变性 ,其中尤以河水为甚。结论 :上述结果提示水源污染与肿瘤的高发可能存在着病因学联系     

Ames试验与MLA试验检测两味含马兜铃酸中药的致突变性

背景与目的:检测单味马兜铃及复方龙胆泻肝丸的遗传毒性.材料与方法:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames test)检测含马兜铃酸的两味单、复方中药的细菌回复突变率;采用96孔微孔板接种法进行小鼠淋巴瘤细胞tk基因突变试验(mouse lymphoma assay,MLA),经单、复方含马兜铃酸浓度5 μg/ml对L5178Y/tk(+/-)-3.7.2c细胞进行染毒,分别测定其接种效率(PE),相对总增长率(RTG)和突变频率(MF).结果:Ames试验结果为阴性,而小鼠淋巴瘤试验显示单味马兜铃具有一定细胞毒性并诱导tk基因突变,产生突变集落;而复方龙胆泻肝丸未诱发tk基因突变.结论:受试的单味马兜铃具有一定的遗传毒而复方龙胆泻肝丸具有对马兜铃的减毒效应.     

Mutagenicity and Mutagens of the Red Chili Pepper as Gallbladder Cancer Risk Factor in Chilean Women

High consumption of red chili pepper has been shown to be a risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC) inChilean women with gallstones, and included mutagens may be important in this context. We aimed to investigatethe mutagenicity and mutagens in Chilean red chili pepper in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strainsTA98, TA1537, TA100, and TA1535 with and without metabolic activation (S9 mix). Pure capsaicin was testedfor mutagenicity using strain TA98. The presence of aflatoxins was evaluated by two-dimensional thin layerchromatography, and then the concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were measured by an HPLCsystem. In strain TA98, the mean numbers of revertant colonies with and without the S9 mix were 2.5- and 2.2-fold higher than those of each negative control, respectively. However, pure capsaicin did not show mutagenicactivity in strain TA98. Aflatoxin contamination of red chili pepper was confirmed, and the concentrations ofaflatoxins B1 and G1 were 4.4 ng/g and 0.5 ng/g, respectively. Our findings suggest that low-level but protractedexposure to aflatoxins may be associated with the development of GBC in Chilean women who carry gallstones.     

蕨菜黄酮提取物的急性毒性和致突变性

背景与目的:研究蕨菜黄酮提取物的急性毒性与潜在致突变性.材料与方法:采用小鼠经口急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验.结果:蕨菜黄酮提取物小鼠经口的LD50＞20.0 g/kg,小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验以及精子畸形试验结果均为阴性(P＞0.05).结论:本实验条件下,蕨菜黄酮提取物的经口LD50＞20.0 g/kg,属无毒级,未见有致突变作用.