37例直径大于1.0cm十二指肠隆起性病变的临床、内镜、超声及病理分析

目的探讨十二指肠隆起性病变的临床,内镜、超声及病理特点。方法对37例十二指肠隆起性病变患者均采用Fujion EG-450型胃镜,Olympus UM-2R超声微探头检查及治疗,超声频率为7.5MHz～12MHz,高频电发生器为ERBE-200型。结果常规内镜发现隆起性病变位于十二指肠球部23例,降部14例。常规内镜诊断为十二指肠腺瘤性息肉14例,增生性息肉4例,腺癌2例。17例超声内镜诊断间质瘤11例,黏膜下囊肿4例,脂肪瘤2例。其中有24例病变术后病理诊断为腺瘤性息肉14例,增生性息肉4例,脂肪瘤2例,良性间质瘤3例,平滑肌瘤1例。7例疑为恶性间质瘤(术后确诊为恶性间质瘤4例,良性间质瘤2例,1例不明)。治疗有24例病变行高频电凝切除术,术后处理按我科常规进行;7例超声检查疑为恶性间质瘤,其中6例由外科手术治疗,1例保守观察;4例囊肿采用经内镜下囊肿套扎术治疗;2例十二指肠腺癌采取保守支持对症治疗。对上述所有病例仍在动态观察中。结论对于范围大于1.0cm的十二指肠隆起性病变常规内镜及病理检查、内镜超声检查对隆起性病变的诊断均具有重要价值。     

超声内镜下诊治上消化道良性隆起型病变118例

目的:探讨超声内镜在上消化道良性隆起型病变(upper gastrointestinal benign protrusive lesions,UGBPL)的诊断价值和不同治疗方法的优缺点.方法:运用超声内镜检查118例上消化道隆起型病变,并对其中80例分别用内镜下高频电直接切除、透明帽下黏膜切除术(cap-endoscopic mucosal resection,cEMR)、尼龙绳结扎、圈套器套扎及鼠齿钳钳夹治疗.结果:食管隆起病变以平滑肌瘤最常见,占食管良性病变的62.2%;胃间质瘤占胃良性隆起性病变的50%,十二指肠以息肉多见,占十二指肠良性隆起性病变57.9%,囊肿占31.6%;本组施行内镜下治疗仅cEMR术中少量渗血,用氩气或者钛夹即可止血.结论:超声内镜下高频电直接切除、尼龙绳结扎、圈套器套扎、鼠齿钳钳夹方法安全、有效,cEMR相对有出血危险.     

十二指肠隆起病变内镜手术的疗效分析

[目的]分析十二指肠隆起病变内镜下治疗多种方法的有效性与安全性.[方法]对经内镜治疗的十二指肠隆起病变患者的临床资料、病理特点、内镜手术方法、并发症和随访情况进行回顾性分析.[结果]117例中除1例十二指肠癌、1例类癌、1例＞2 cm的间质瘤转外科手术外,其余114例均行内镜治疗.114例中行氩气凝固术45例,圈套切除术27例,内镜黏膜切除术36例,3例十二指肠囊肿行开窗引流术,3例直径≤2cm的间质瘤行介入性超声内镜（EUS）随访;4例术中发生出血,均在内镜下用钛夹或者氩气刀止血成功.术后随访1～12个月总有效率100％.[结论]十二指肠壁较薄,操作空间相对较小,内镜治疗时尤需注意切除深度.对来源于固有肌层的直径＞2 cm的病变,不主张内镜下治疗;对≤2 cm的病变采用EUS随访为较适宜的选择.     

超声内镜在上消化道隆起性病变诊断和治疗中的应用

目的探讨超声内镜对上消化道隆起性病变的诊断价值及指导内镜下微创治疗的临床效果。方法对56例普通内镜下诊断为上消化道隆起性病变的患者进行超声内镜检查,根据病变的起源层次及性质决定治疗方案,其中23例分别行内镜下高频电切除、黏膜切除术或鼠齿钳钳夹治疗,4例行外科治疗。结果 56例上消化道隆起性病变中,按隆起部位分为食管15例（26.79%）,胃34例（60.71%）,十二指肠7例（12.50%）。按病变类型分为平滑肌瘤11例,间质瘤8例,息肉7例,异位胰腺6例,囊肿6例,脂肪瘤2例,静脉曲张3例,外压10例,未发现病变3例。内镜下治疗仅黏膜切除术中少量渗血,用氩气或者钛夹即可止血,无其他并发症出现。对27例患者进行内镜下或外科手术治疗,术后病理诊断与超声内镜诊断符合率92.0%。结论超声内镜可显示消化道管壁的层次结构和壁外情况,有利于上消化道隆起性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断;为内镜微创治疗选择隆起性病变适应证提供良好的指导作用,部分病变内镜下可安全有效地切除。     

小探头内镜超声对消化道隆起性病变部位诊断及治疗方案的选择

[目的]评价小探头内镜超声(miniprobe sonography,MPS)对消化道隆起性病变诊断及优化治疗方案选择的应用价值。[方法]采用MPS检查102例消化道隆起性病变患者,依据病灶状况决定治疗方案,内镜治疗包括内镜下高频电切术、黏膜切除术(EMR)、黏膜剥离术(ESD)、圈套切除术及内镜穿刺治疗。[结果]102例患者经MPS检查发现病灶位于大肠7例,胃57例,食管38例。依据病变类型分类:食管部位发现平滑肌瘤(15例)和息肉(9例),胃窦发现间质瘤(21例)和异位胰腺(12例),结肠发现脂肪瘤(4例)。69例行内镜治疗,33例行手术切除。7例异位胰腺、4例脂肪瘤及8例平滑肌瘤行ESD,4例异位胰腺、13例平滑肌瘤及2例间质瘤行EMR,3例脂肪瘤、4例息肉及1例囊肿行内镜高频电切术,9例息肉行内镜圈套切除术,2例食管外压及3例囊肿行内镜下穿刺治疗;神经内分泌肿瘤、胃淋巴瘤和各种癌症多行手术切除。MPS检测与病理诊断符合率为84.85%。[结论]MPS检查能有效诊断消化道隆起性病变情况,对患者治疗方案的制定具有指导价值。     

十二指肠球部及降部隆起性病变的内镜分析及临床意义

目的通过对十二指肠球部及降部的隆起性病变的内镜分析,提高人们对该病变的认识。方法经电子胃镜、十二指肠镜、超声内镜、ERCP等检查方法,共检出十二指肠球部及降部的隆起性病变1 187例,对其进行内镜分析。结果本组十二指肠球部及降部隆起性病变共1 187例,其中息肉981例,恶性肿瘤69例,间质瘤53例,异位胰腺31例,囊肿27例,脂肪瘤26例,所占比例分别为82.65%、5.81%、4.47%、2.61%、2.27%、2.19%。981例息肉中,经病理证实肿瘤性息肉137例,占13.97%(137/981)。60 748例上消化道内镜检查中恶性肿瘤69例,其发生率为0.11%(69/60 748)。结论十二指肠球部及降部隆起性病变中息肉最为常见,其中肿瘤性息肉所占比例远高于文献报道,恶性肿瘤的发生率也较以前增加,人们应提高对十二指肠球部及降部隆起性病变的警惕。     

小探头内镜超声诊断上消化道隆起病变643例分析

目的探讨小探头内镜超声检查（mEUS）对卜消化道隆起病变的诊断价值。方法对626例患者的643个内镜提示上消化道降起病变行mEUS检盘，分析检查结果结果643个上消化道隆起性病变中，胃339个，食管218个，十二指肠69个，贲门17个。检出间质瘤和平滑肌（肉）瘤307个（位于黏膜肌层115个，黏膜下层8个和固有肌层184个），异位胰腺62个，脂肪瘤25个，囊肿39个，外压性病变89个，黏液腺瘤2个，血管瘤9个，息肉53个。142个病变取得病理诊断，其中126个与mEUS诊断符合。结论内镜超声检查能清楚渺示消化道肇的层次结构，对上消化道隆起病变具有准确的定位作用，并能提示病变的性质；但对间质瘤和平滑肌瘤的鉴别诊断及良恶性的判断有困难。     

内镜黏膜下挖除术治疗十二指肠降部间质瘤1例体会

<正>患者,男,39岁,于2013年10月在外院行胃镜示:十二指肠降部黏膜下隆起,为进一步诊治来我院就诊。在我院行超声内镜:第四层结构内可见低回声肿块,切面大小约20mm×10 mm,内部回声均匀.界限清晰,其余肠壁结构无破坏。诊断:考虑十二指肠降部间质瘤(SMT)可能?患者及家属要求行内镜下切除术。患者于2013年10月16日在全麻下行内镜下切除术。内镜手术过程(见图1):内镜前段置透明     

微探头内镜超声检查在胃窦小隆起病变诊断中的应用价值

[目的]评价微探头内镜超声在胃窦小隆起病变诊断中的应用价值。[方法]回顾性总结分析行微探头内镜超声检查的42例胃窦小隆起病变患者的临床资料,以内镜下黏膜切除术或黏膜下剥离术或手术切除标本病理诊断为最终结果,分析比较微探头内镜超声及内镜下活检对胃窦小隆起病变的诊断符合率。[结果]微探头内镜超声检查在胃窦小隆起病变的诊断符合率为83.3%(35/42),内镜下经活检钳行病理检查对胃窦小隆起病变的诊断符合率为45.2%(19/42),超声内镜的诊断符合率高于胃镜活检,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]内镜下活检不能作为诊断胃窦小隆起病变的诊断依据;微探头内镜超声在胃窦小隆起病变有较高的临床诊断价值,对黏膜下病变的治疗方案的选择具有指导意义。     

113例消化道隆起病变内镜黏膜下剥离术诊治临床资料分析

[目的]探讨消化道黏膜下隆起病变超声内镜的诊断价值及内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)疗效。[方法]选择普通胃肠镜检查发现的消化道黏膜局限性隆起病变患者113例,并行超声胃镜检查进一步确诊,以术后病理检查结果作为金标准。定期随访追踪术后1、3、6、12个月,复查胃镜观察术后创面愈合及复发情况。[结果]113例消化道黏膜下隆起性病变中年龄主要分布在40～60岁,贲门隆起7例(6.19%),胃窦14例(12.38%),胃底29例(25.66%),胃体28例(24.77%),食管19例(16.81%),直肠及结肠14例(12.38%),胃角1例(0.88%),十二指肠降部1例(0.88%)。病理结果与超声内镜检查结果相比较,超声内镜诊断结果与病理结果比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),2种方法诊断隆起病变吻合度有统计学意义(吻合系数κ=0.676,P0.01)。[结论]超声内镜对消化道黏膜下隆起病变诊断准确率高,ESD治疗消化道黏膜下隆起病变安全、有效。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.