自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带治疗儿童复发性髌骨脱位

[目的]探讨自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带治疗儿童复发性髌骨脱位的疗效和安全性.[方法]2008年2月～ 2010年2月治疗复发性髌骨脱位患儿7例.术中关节镜探查髌骨轨迹,处理合并损伤.行外侧支持带松解,自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带.股骨侧避开骺软骨放置3.5 mm锚钉,髌骨内缘钻2个4.5 mm骨道,髌骨复位后将肌腱穿入骨道打结固定.[结果]随访12 ～24个月(平均17个月),手术效果满意,无复发脱位,无骨骺早闭,术后X线片示髌股关节解剖关系恢复正常.[结论]关节镜探查结合外侧支持带松解和自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带治疗儿童复发性髌骨脱位,方法简单安全,疗效可靠.     

内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 回顾性分析自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床结果.方法 复发性髌骨脱位31例行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解,并对患者进行影像检查及膝关节功能评分.结果 术后随访24～56个月,31例均无再次脱位;功能评分术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 自体半腱肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带联合外侧支持带松解治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位效果可靠.     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建和外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:评价内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法:2011年3月至2013年6月在关节镜下进行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位15例,男5例,女10例;年龄14～32岁,平均19.4岁;髌骨脱位2次及以上.术前常规行X线、CT、MR检查了解髌股关节及内侧髌股韧带情况,关节功能Lysholm评分69.85±11.52,术中镜下查看髌股对合关系及髌骨运动轨迹.术中使用自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带同时关节镜下外侧支持带松解.结果:所有患者获随访,时间12～36个月,平均27.6个月,患者无再发髌骨脱位及半脱位,伸直位及屈曲30°位恐惧试验和髌骨外移试验均为阴性,术后12个月患者完全恢复正常活动,膝关节无主观不适,术后Lysholm评分92.60±5.75,较术前提高.结论:关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解手术能有效治疗复发性髌骨脱位,缓解症状,重建髌骨稳定性.     

复发性髌骨脱位的临床治疗分析

目的 通过关节镜下行膝关节外侧支持带松解、内侧髌股韧带重建联合胫骨结节内移治疗复发性髌骨脱位,观察其临床效果。方法 分析中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院2019年4月至2020年4月治疗的20例复发性髌骨脱位患者,其中男5例,女15例;年龄13～34岁,平均25岁。股骨滑车发育不良分型,A型3例,B型5例,C型8例,D型4例。先行膝关节腔内探查术,探查完毕后行关节镜下髌股外侧支持带松解术,取同侧半腱肌肌腱移植髌股内侧韧带重建术,术前测量胫骨结节-股骨滑车间距(tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance, TT-TG)>20 mm者同时行胫骨结节内移截骨术,对于合并股骨或髌骨关节面骨折和软骨损伤患者,尽最大可能复位骨折,修复关节软骨。结果 术后随访6～12个月,均未出现再次脱位,患侧膝关节恐惧试验阴性,无膝关节打软。末次随访平均髌股关节功能评分(60.8±7.2)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解、取同侧半腱肌肌腱移植重建髌股内侧韧带重建术,联合胫骨结节内移术治疗复发性髌骨脱位,临床...     

关节镜与切开手术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床分析

目的 分析探讨复发性髌骨脱位的治疗方法.方法 手术治疗复发性髌骨脱位36例,随机分成两组,A组23例,采用关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解,内侧支持带自体或异体肌腱加强,胫骨结节内移术;B组13例,采用切开股外侧肌腿部分切断,髌外侧支持带松解,股内侧肌加强,胫骨结节内移术.结果 术后Q角两组无统计学差别(P>0.05),术后Lysholm评分两组之间有统计学差别(P<0.05).结论 关节镜是一种治疗复发性髌骨脱位的良好方法.     

部分腓骨长肌肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨不稳的疗效观察

目的探讨关节镜辅助下取自体部分腓骨长肌肌腱游离重建内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)治疗复发性髌骨不稳的手术方法及临床疗效。方法采用关节镜下外侧髌股支持带松解、自体部分腓骨长肌肌腱游离移植重建MPFL、部分患者配合Fulkerson截骨术(6例)的综合术式治疗复发性髌骨不稳21例。术前进行膝关节Lysholm、IKDC功能评分。结果本组随访9~24个月(平均14.6个月)。术后无髌骨不稳复发,髌股关节改善,髌骨轨迹良好,恐惧试验均为阴性。1例仍有膝前疼痛,但症状较术前明显改善,术后膝关节Lysholm、IKDC功能评分均较术前有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论自体部分腓骨长肌肌腱游离移植重建MPFL为主的综合术式治疗复发性髌骨不稳,能有效防止其复发,并有利于缓解症状,是治疗复发性髌骨不稳的一种有效方法。     

关节镜监视下髌骨双隧道内侧髌股韧带重建外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

[目的]探讨关节镜临视下髌骨双隧道内侧髌股韧带重建及外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效.[方法]对12例复发性髌骨脱位患者采用髌骨双隧道法重建内侧髌股韧带,同时常规行外侧支持带松解.[结果]患者术后均获随访,平均31个月(14～52个月),未见髌骨脱位复发.髌骨轴位X线片显示所有病例外侧髌股角均有所改善.手术前后IKDC膝关节功能主观评分分别为(38.3±5.1)分和(91.1±5.9)分.Lysholm膝关节功能综合评分分别为(72.3±4.6)分和(90.6±4.7)分.[结论]关节镜监视下髌骨双隧道内侧髌股韧带重建及外侧支持带松解是治疗复发性髌骨脱位的有效方法.     

关节镜下外侧支持带囊外松解结合髌股内侧支持带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:介绍复发性髌骨脱位的关节镜下微创手术技术及疗效.方法:复发性髌骨脱位16例,男3例,女13例;年龄14～32岁,平均17.6岁;病程6～23个月,平均18.5个月.关节镜下髌股外侧支持带囊外松解,自体股薄肌腱游离移植重建髌股内侧支持带重建,手术前后根据Lysholm评分评价疗效.结果:全部患者获随访,时间6～48个月,平均12个月.患者的Q角由术前的(16.4±3.7)°减小至重建后6个月的(10.1±1.4)°,Insall指数由术前的1.37±0.25减小至重建后6个月的1.28±0.23,适配角由术前的(21.3±2.6)°减小至重建后6个月的(5.86±2.23)°,Lysholm评分由术前的76.1±5.2提高至重建后6个月的89.8±4.1.结论:关节镜下外侧支持带囊外松解结合髌股内侧支持带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位可减少出血及术后瘢痕粘连,创伤小,有利于患者术后功能康复.     

内侧支持带紧缩术与内侧髌股韧带重建术治疗RDP的临床观察

目的 探讨复发性髌骨脱位(RDP)的治疗方法.方法 收治RDP 36例,随机分成两组,Ⅰ组18例,采用关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解内侧支持带紧缩术;Ⅱ组18例,采用关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解半腱肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带术.结果 36例获3～15个月随访,无一例复发,倾斜试验及恐惧试验阴性.膝部弥漫性疼痛均消失,上下楼梯时前...     

保留股骨止点的内收大肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗儿童复发性髌骨脱位

[目的]探讨保留股骨止点的内收大肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。[方法]自2011年6月~2013年6月,对12例髌骨复发性脱位(单侧10例,双侧2例)行关节镜下外侧支持带松解,保留股骨止点的内收大肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带。测量髌股外侧角的大小及Lysholm评分进行效果评价。[结果]术后随访12~18个月,术后1年Lysholm评分由术前(65.1±18.6)分显著提高到术后(92.0±10.1),髌股外侧角由术前(-2.1±8.7)度恢复到(10.4±3.9)°。所有患者在术后6~8个月恢复到受伤前的运动水平。[结论]保留股骨止点的内收大肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带可明显恢复髌股关节稳定性,是治疗儿童复发性髌骨脱位的有效方法之一。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.