Expression of Coxsackie and Adenovirums and its Significance in Human Lung Cancer

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor （CAR） and the development of human lung cancer. To optimize adenovirus vector-based gene therapy. METHODS The expression of CAR in 112 cases of lung cancer was examined using immunohistochemistry. At the same time, the relationship between CAR expression and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed, RESULTS ：lhere is a little expression of CAR in normal lung tissue. Compared with paraneoplastic epithelial tissue of the lung, the expression of CAR is generally up-regulated in tumor tissues showing a significant dif- ference （P〈0.01）. The positive rate of CAR expression in squamous cell carcinoma was 43.1%, and in adenocarcinoma 70.2%, with the difference between the two rates being statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Compared to the paraneoplastic tissues, the difference in CAR positive expression was 35.4% for squamous cell carcinoma and 38.3% for adenocarcinoma. But the difference in different stages of squamous cell carcinoma had no statistical significance （P〉0.05）. However, the expression of CAR was at a high level in the bronchioalveolar carcinomas as 80.4% were CAR positive. This research showed that there was a specially high expression of CAR in adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION CAR is expressed in human lungs at a low level and up-regulated in the tumor tissues, suggesting that there is a relationship between adenocarcinoma and CAR. This research provides a basis for planning a regimen of gene therapy using an adenovirus vector,     

Expression of GPC3 protein and its significance in lung squamous cell carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to investigate GPC3 gene expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue and its correlation with clinical and tumor characteristics. Using RT–PCR, the presence of GPC3 gene expression was detected in cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue in 66 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma and positive rates were calculated. Using Western blot, changes in GPC3 protein expression were detected in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. The percentage of tissue samples expressing GPC3 mRNA was significantly higher in lung squamous cell carcinoma than in adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). This percentage was also significantly higher for cases with lymph node metastasis than for those without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Further, the percentage of samples expressing GPC3 mRNA was higher with lowering degrees of tumor differentiation (P < 0.05). Rates of GPC3 expression were, however, independent of patient gender, age, and tumor size (P > 0.05). The expression of GPC3 protein in lung squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). The expression in cases with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than in those without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), and GPC3 protein expression increased with lowering degrees of tumor differentiation (P < 0.05). Further investigation is warranted for the association of initiation, development, invasion, and metastasis of disease.     

P16蛋白在肾癌组织中表达的临床评价

 采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测41例肾癌、18例癌旁正常肾组织及10例正常肾组织中P16蛋白的表达,以探讨P16蛋白表达与肾癌生物学行为的关系。结果 发现：P16蛋白在肾癌及正常肾组织中的阳性表达率分别为58．5％（24／4）及89．3％（25／28）,两组阳性表达具有显著性差异（X2=7．64,P＜0．05）,P16蛋白表达在肾透明细胞癌及颗粒细胞癌间无差异,随肾癌分级、分期升高而明显降低,P16阳性表达组术后5年生存率明显高于阴性表达组。结果 提示：P16基因失活在肾癌的发生发展中起重要作用,P16基因及蛋白的检测可作为肾癌的辅助诊断及预后判断的参考指标。     

Expression and Significance of RKIP and E-cadherin in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue and its correlation with the clinical pathology of lung squamous cell carcinoma. RKIP and E-cadherin mRNA (by RT-PCR) and protein (by western blotting) levels were monitored in carcinoma tissues and surrounding normal tissues from 86 lung squamous cell carcinoma cases, and their positive rates were calculated. The rates of positive RKIP and E-cadherin mRNA expression were significantly lower in lung squamous cell carcinoma than in the surrounding normal tissues (P?<?0.05). The positive expression rates were significantly lower in those with lymph node metastasis than in those without (P?<?0.05). The lower the degree of tumor differentiation, the lower the E-cadherin mRNA positive expression rate (P?<?0.05). The rates of positive RKIP and E-cadherin mRNA expression were significantly lower in patients at advanced (III, IV) stages than in patients at early (I, II) stages (p?<?0.05); this rate, however, was independent of gender, age, and tumor size (P?>?0.05). The protein levels of RKIP and E-cadherin were significantly lower in lung squamous cell carcinoma than in the surrounding normal tissues (P?<?0.05). The levels were significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without it (P?<?0.05). The lower the degree of tumor differentiation, the lower the protein level of E-cadherin (P?<?0.05). Both RKIP and E-cadherin are tumor suppressors, their low expression levels may be associated with initiation, invasion and/or metastasis, as well as with the inhibition of lung squamous cell carcinoma differentiation.     

Expression and clinical significance of p73A in breast carcinoma tissues

p73,as one of the recently discovered p53familymembers,shows remarkable structural and functionalsimilarities to p53.p73gene can activate p53target genessuch as p21,inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis[1].Currently many studies suggest that there is differencebetween p73and p53.In many tumor types,the expressionof p73is higher than in corresponding normal tissues[2,.3]We have not found p73mutations,but found that p73isimplicated in the tumorigenesis of many human tumors andin a poor clinic…     

食管癌细胞P-糖蛋白与CD44表达相关性研究

Objective： To investigate the relationship between P-glycoprotein （P-gp） and adhesion molecule CD44 expression as well as their clinical significance in esophageal carcinoma. Methods： To examine the expressed level of P-gp and CD44 by flow cytometry （FCM） in the operated samples of 70 cases with esophageal carcinoma and their normal mucosa of esophageal incision, and to evaluate their relationship with clinicopathological factors. Results： Among the 70 cases with esophageal carcinoma, the expression of P-gp in the 27 cases （38.6%） was negative （positive cells 〈25%）; 11 cases （15.7%） were 25%-40% expression of P-gp positive cells; 14 cases （20%） were 41%-60% expression of P-gp positive cells; 18 cases （25.7%） were the high expression （positive cells 〉60%） of P-gp. Of the cases with the tumor sizes being more than 4 cm, the expression of CD44 showed a significant difference （P〈0.05） in 25 cases with P-gp positive, compared with 19 cases with P-gp negative. Of the cases with high-mild differentiated esophageal carcinoma, the expression of CD44 showed a significant difference （P〈0.05） in 22 cases with P-gp positive, compared with 17 cases with P-gp negative. Of the cases with clinical Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage, the expression of CD44 showed a significant difference （P〈0.05） in 26 cases with P-gp positive, compared with 10 cases with P-gp negative. Of the cases with lymph node metastasis, the CD44 expression showed a significant difference （P=0.050） in 27 cases with P-gp positive, compared with 11 cases with P-gp negative. Of the cases of the patients＇ age being more than 56 years, the expression of CD44 showed a significant difference （P〈0.01） in 27 cases with P-gp positive, compared with 12 cases with P-gp negative. When the P-gp and CD44 expression were positive, the clinical Ⅱ stage and Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage in esophageal carcinoma was showed a significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： When the CD44 and P-gp both have the positive high expression, it will be significantly associated with the esophageal carcinoma progression and metastasis, so both were a positive expression in esophageal carcinoma, it might suggest a poor and unfavorable prognosis result.     

Expression of Coxsackie and Adenovirurus Receptor and its Significance in Human Lung Cancer

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and the development of human lung cancer. To optimize adenovirus vector-based gene therapy. METHODS The expression of CAR in 112 cases of lung cancer was examined using immunohistochemistry. At the same time, the relationship between CAR expression and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS There is a little expression of CAR in normal lung tissue. Compared with paraneoplastic epithelial tissue of the lung, the expression of CAR is generally up-regulated in tumor tissues showing a significant dif- ference (P<0.01). The positive rate of CAR expression in squamous cell carcinoma was 43.1%, and in adenocarcinoma 70.2%, with the difference between the two rates being statistically significant (P<0.01). Compared to the paraneoplastic tissues, the difference in CAR positive expression was 35.4% for squamous cell carcinoma and 38.3% for adenocarcinoma. But the difference in different stages of squamous cell carcinoma had no statistical significance (P>0.05). However, the expression of CAR was at a high level in the bronchioalveolar carcinomas as 80.4% were CAR positive. This research showed that there was a specially high expression of CAR in adenocarcino- mas. CONCLUSION CAR is expressed in human lungs at a low level and up-regulated in the tumor tissues, suggesting that there is a relationship between adenocarcinoma and CAR. This research provides a basis for plan- ning a regimen of gene therapy using an adenovirus vector.     

中国启东地区肝癌细胞凋亡相关基因的克隆、表达及其与肝癌相关性研究

Objective To explore the molecular basis of hepatocarcinogenesis by cloning and expressing a novel liver cancer apoptosis-related gene. Methods With homologous screening and RT-PCR, we had cloned an apoptosis-related gene APG from liver cancer cells, compared its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue, and paracarcinoma tissue, and analyzed its sequence from these tissues. The association of APG gene expression with HCC was investigated. Results A new gene APG was cloned with a full-length cDNA of 563 bp. Sequencing analysis showed heterogeneity of APG gene from hepatocarcinoma tissue and from paracarcinoma tissue. Among 50 cases of liver cancer, APG gene, expressions were down-regulated in 42 cases (84%), while up-regulated in 8 cases (16%,P<0.01). Its expression was also found to be associated with tumor size (P<0.05), HbsAg level (P<0.01), degree of tumor differentiation (P<0.01), invasion of the tumor capsule (P<0.01), clinical stage (P<0.01), tumor embolism (P<0.01), paracarcinoma tumor satellites (P<0.01), Ki-67 protein expression (P<0.05), p53 protein expression (P<0.01) and apoptosis (P<0.05). There is no association between the gene expression, gender and AFP (P>0.05). Conclusion APC is an appoptosis-related gene and down-regulated in HCC. Its expression is associated with many clinical and pathologic features of HCC, suggesting that APC gene is probably involved in the tumorigenesis of HCC.     

p53和nm23-H1蛋白表达与食管癌浸润转移的关系

Objective To study the relationship between expression of p53 and nm23-H1 and differentiation, invasiveness and metastasis in human esophageal carcinoma, and the correlation between expression of p53 and nm23-H1. Methods Expression of p53 and nm23-H1 in 50 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus was detected by using immuno-histochemical S-P methods. Results 35 cases (70%) and 32 cases (64%) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were positive for nm23-H1 protein and p53 protein, respectively. The expression of nm23-H1 was related to lymphatic metastasis (P<0.025), but not related to tumor differentiation, invasiveness, tumor location, tumor length, patient's gender and age (P>0.05). The lymphatic metastasis location positive group had a very lower expression of nm23-H1 and the negative rate was 70.8%, but the negative group had a higher expression and the positive rate was 65.4%. The expression of p53 was related to tumor differentiation and invasiveness (P<0.05), but not related to lymphatic metastasis, tumor location, tumor length, patient's gender and age(P>0.05). Among the three groups, the high differentiation group had the lowest expression of p53 and the positive rate was 29.2%, but the low differentiation group had the highest positive rate (71.4%). As for tumor invasiveness, the group of outer membrane of esophagus infiltrated had the highest p53 protein positive rate (56%), but in the group, of mucous or submucous layer infiltrated p53 protien was not detectable. The low expression of nm23-H1 and the high expression of p53 were also correlated. The expression of nm23-H1 and p53 were both correlated with TNM stage of esophageal carcinoma (P<0.05). The better esophageal carcinomas differentiated, the lower nm23-H1 expressed and higher p53 expressed. Conclusion Low expression of nm23-H1 and high expression of p53 play an important role in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. Nm23-H1 might beta gene markef in the prophecy of patients' prognosis and benefit tumor treatment clinically.     

环氧合酶-2和血管内皮生长因子在食管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨食管癌组织中环氧合酶乞（COX-2）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达及临床意义。方法采用SP免疫组化法检测60例食管癌患者组织和20例正常食管黏膜标本中COX-2和VEGF蛋白的表达。结果60例食管癌组织中,COX-2阳性表达率为68．3％,VEGF为76．7％;均明显高于正常食管黏膜,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。COX-2和VEGF在食管癌组织中的表达呈显著正相关（rs=0．526,P〈0．0001）。VEGF表达与食管癌区域淋巴结转移密切相关,COX-2和VEGF表达与食管癌的临床分期、组织分化程度、浸润深度等无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论COX-2蛋白和VEGF蛋白在食管鳞癌中均呈高表达,二者的表达呈显著正相关。VEGF与食管癌区域淋巴结转移有相关性。     

膜细胞骨架蛋白-ezrin在肾细胞癌中的表达及意义

 目的 从蛋白和转录水平观察肾癌组织中ezrin蛋白的表达及其与肾癌临床病理特征的关系。 方法 收集80例肾癌组织及40例癌旁正常肾组织,应用组织芯片和免疫组化检测ezrin蛋白的表达情况;同时取其中50例肾癌组织及40例癌旁正常肾组织行RT-PCR检测其mRNA表达。 结果 ezrin蛋白的表达定位于细胞浆和细胞膜。ezrin蛋白的阳性表达率在肾癌组织中为95%(76/80),显著高于正常肾组织的阳性表达率75%(30 /40)(χ²=10.350,P=0.002);ezrin mRNA表达阳性率在肾癌组织中为82%（41/50),显著高于正常肾组织62.5%(25/40)(χ²=4.321,P=0.038)。免疫组化评分及ezrin mRNA阳性表达率淋巴结转移组显著高于无淋巴结转移组[(9.500±2.502) vs. （7.232±3.045）, 13/14 vs. 16/36,P<0.05];腔静脉瘤栓组显著高于无腔静脉瘤栓组[(9.315±3.027） vs. （7.563±2.991）, 14/14 vs. 22/36,P<0.05]。而肾癌组织中ezrin蛋白, ezrin mRNA表达水平与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤分期、分级、肿瘤大小及肿瘤病理类型无关(P>0.05)。 结论 肾癌组织中ezrin蛋白及mRNA水平均呈高表达,其表达的强度与肿瘤淋巴结转移,腔静脉瘤栓形成有关。ezrin可能参与了肾癌的发生、侵袭和转移,有望成为肾细胞癌生物学行为的评估指标。     

E2F-1和Rb基因在食管鳞状细胞癌中的 表达及临床意义

 目的 研究E2F-1和Rb基因在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达情况,探讨其在食管鳞状细胞癌发生发展中的规律与临床病理关系。方法 应用免疫组化方法检测60例食管鳞状细胞癌和50例正常食管组织中E2F-1和Rb基因的表达情况。结果 食管鳞状细胞癌中E2F-1的阳性表达率为73.3％,显著高于癌旁正常组织黏膜中的36.0％（P<0.01）,E2F-1的表达与食管鳞状细胞癌的分期、分化及淋巴结转移有相关性（P<0.05）。Rb在食管鳞状细胞癌中的阴性表达率为30.0％,显著高于癌旁正常组织中的12.0％（P<0.05）,Rb在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达与分化及淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）,但尚不能认为与分期有关。结论 E2F-1和Rb在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达呈负相关,即E2F-1过度表达而Rb表达有一定程度缺失,在正常食管组织中的表达亦有差异。     

PTEN蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨抑癌基因PTEN在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法 采用SABC免疫组织化学方法，检测了62例乳腺癌、15例癌旁及12例正常乳腺组织中PTEN蛋白表达水平，结合临床病理指标进性分析。结果 乳腺癌组PTEN蛋白阳性表达率（56．5％）显著低于癌旁组（86．7％）和正常组（100．0％），P均〈0．05；癌旁组（86．7％）低于正常组（100．0％），P〉0．05。伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌中PTEN蛋白阳性表达率（32．1％）显著低于无淋巴结转移乳腺癌（61．8％），P〈0．05；浸润性癌PTEN蛋白阳性表达率（44．4％）显著低于早期浸润性癌（75．0％），P〈0．05；PTEN蛋白表达与肿瘤大小、PTNM分期无关，P〉0．05。结论 PTEN蛋白在乳腺癌的发生、发展、侵袭转移中可能起着重要作用。PTEN蛋白表达水平可以作为判定乳腺癌病理生物学行为的客观指标。     

Comparison of steroid receptor levels in renal-cell carcinoma and autologous normal kidney

Since a number of renal-cell carcinomas regress with hormonal manipulation, we have identified and measured the levels of estrogen, progestin and glucocorticoid receptors in 47 autologous pairs of normal and neoplastic kidney tissues. High-affinity receptors for these hormones were detected in kidney tissues of both sexes by means of a dextran-coated charcoal assay. Glucocorticoid receptors were demonstrated in renal cancer tissues for the first time, and were higher in the tumor (mean 31.3 ± sem 5.6) than in the normal tissue (mean 18.5 ± sem 3.1 fmol/mg cytosol protein). There was a significant difference in the quantities of progestin receptors (expressed as fmol/mg cytosol protein) in normal (mean 18.4 ± sem 3.3) versus neoplastic (mean 10.4 ± sem 4.0) kidney specimens (p < 0.007). There was a significant difference between the binding affinity of the progestin receptor in the male tumors (Kd = 2.2 ± sem 0.9 nM, n = 10) and that of the females, (Kd = 9.3 ± sem 6.5 nM) (p < 0.04). When an affinity of < 9.9 × I0^?9M and > 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein were used as criteria for classifying a tissue as positive for progestin receptors, only 17% of tumors contained these receptors while 45% of normal tissues exhibited them. According to these criteria, no differences were observed in the frequency of occurrence of either estrogen receptors or glucocorticoid receptors in tumor versus normal kidney. Data from this study suggest that the use of endocrine therapy should be re-examined in the treatment of renal-cell carcinoma.     

FISH技术检测卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织CCND1表达及临床意义

目的:探讨荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检测卵巢上皮性肿瘤中CCND1基因的表达及其临床意义.方法:应用FISH技术检测45例卵巢正常组织和113例卵巢上皮性肿瘤中CCND1基因的表达.结果:CCND1基因在正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤及恶性肿瘤中的扩增表达率分别为11.1％、33.3％、43.5％和66.1％,恶性组的表达扩增率明显高于其他组,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.01;卵巢上皮性癌组织中CCND1基因的表达扩增率与病理分级、临床病理分期及癌组织转移明显相关,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但与年龄、病理学类型无相关性,P＞0.05.结论:CCND1基因的扩增在卵巢肿瘤的发生发展中起重要作用,且与卵巢癌的病理分级、临床分期及癌组织的转移有关,可用以预测肿瘤患者的预后.     

P73、ER、PR在食管癌及癌前病变中的表达及临床意义

Objective： To test the expression of mutant p73, p53, ER and PR proteins in the esophageal normal mucosa, hyperplasia, dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma, and research the clinically pathological significance and the correlation, for the early diagnosis, prognostic measure and therapy in clinic. Methods： With Immunohistochemistry, it was examined to show these tumor markers＇ expression in different epithelial lesions of 40 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 14 dysplasias, 14 hyperplasias and 14 normal mucosas. Results： The expression of p73 was 55%, 21%, 0% and 0% in the esophageal carcinoma, dysplasia, hyperplasia and normal mucosa, respectively. The significant difference in expression of p73 （P〈0.001） was observed between the esophageal normal mucosia, hyperplasia, dysplasia and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with Fisher＇s exact test. Difference in expression of p73 （P〈0.05） was observed between the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia with X^2 test. The expression of p73 showed non-correlation with the patient＇s age, sex, tumor＇s grade, lymph-node metastasis and invasive depth （P〉0.05）; Similarly, the expression of mutant p53 was 67.5%, 35.7%, 7% and 0%, respectively; In like manner, the expression of ER was 55%, 21.4%, 14.2% and 0%, respectively; The expression of PR was 57.5%,14.28%, 0% and 0%, respectively. The significant difference in expression of PR （P〈0.001） was observed with Fisher＇s exact test. Difference in expression of PR （P〈0.05） was observed between the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia with x2 test. The expression of PR （P〈0.05） was correlated with lymph-node metastasis, and showed non-correlation with the patient＇s age, sex, tumor＇s grade, and invasive depth （P〉0.05）. Moreover, over-expression of mutant p53 and p73 showed significant correlation with ER and PR protein＇s positive expression （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： P73 protein may become a new tumor＇s marker to diagnose esophageal squarnous celt carcinoma. Because the expression of p73 protein was closely correlated with ER and PR, they could be simultaneously examined to help to early diagnose, prognosticate and cure esophageal carcinoma.