遗传药理学的学科发展与未来

个体化用药疗效差异现象的发现促成了遗传药理学的诞生,并使药学研究的学科范式发生了根本性的改变。而基因组学研究的学术背景,使遗传药理学的核心概念得到系统证实。基因芯片技术等新知识载体和新技术的发展将使个体化用药的理论成为现实。     

互动式教学法在临床药理学教学中的探索

目的:探索临床药理学教学新的方法和形式.方法:在循环系统、消化系统、呼吸系统用药为主理论课教学中对部分学生采用互动式教学法,同时以同年级的其它学生为对照.结果:互动式教学法有助于培养学生和提高在自学、团队合作、分析问题和解决问题的多方面能力,所涉及的内容书面测试掌握较好,平均成绩较高.结论:在临床药理学教学中采用互动式教学法可行.     

临床药理学教学方法的分析与探讨

临床药理学是基础与临床的交叉学科,是医学专业和药学专业的基础主干课程,临床药理学的教学工作对学生学业收获及后期职业发展均十分重要。该文总结了目前临床药理学教学的方法和技巧,供广大教师参考。对所述教学方法的综合应用将有助于提高教师教授临床药理学的教学水平和教学质量,有助于提高学生学习临床药理学的兴趣和效果。     

临床药理专业实验教学改革探索

临床药理学实验是临床药理课程的重要组成部分,随着临床药理学教材的改编和发展,实验教学改革势在必行.该文阐述了在临床药理学实验教学改革中的几点尝试,包括对增加教学内容、改变教学方式、优化考核与激励机制.     

Transition from traditional to innovative teaching in and beyond pharmacology at Ziauddin Medical University

Innovative teaching methodologies in different parts of the world are being practiced since last 3 decades. The aim of this review is to report the transition from traditional to innovative self learning process in Ziauddin Medical University, a new medical institute of Pakistan. Various problems encountered have been duly looked after by inducting faculty training programs and regular review sessions in which monitoring of the transition process was     

Student evaluation of teaching and assessment methods in pharmacology

Background:

The students are in the best position to comment on the effectiveness of any teaching system and they may be regarded as the best judges to assess the teaching and evaluation methods.

Objective:

This study was designed to obtain student feedback on teaching and assessment methods in the subject of pharmacology and use it for improvement.

Materials and Methods:

Based on student feedback from batch 2006, innovative strategies were implemented. To know the effect of these strategies feedback was obtained from subsequent batch 2007 using a written validated questionnaire covering various aspects of teaching and assessment methods.

Results:

Students were satisfied with all teaching methods except lecture, seminars and pharmacy exercises. Majority of the students showed preference for tutorials, short answer questions and revision classes. All students felt that there should be more time for clinical pharmacology and bedside teaching. The performance score of the students (batch 2007) indicated improvement in their scores (12%) when earlier feedback suggestions were implemented. The pass percentage of the subsequent batch in university examinations improved from 90 to 100%.

Conclusion:

The implementation of suggestions obtained from students resulted in improvement in their performance. Hence, it is very essential to synchronize teaching and evaluation methods with special requirements of medical students.     

临床药理学教学模式改革探索与实践

临床药理学是临床医学与药学专业教学、科研与临床实践不可忽视的一门学科。对临床药理学课程进行改革,可以培养学生自主学习的能力,提高教学质量。本文根据临床药理学教学中存在的一些问题,并结合传统教学方法的优势,主要从改革教学模式、提高教师教学业务水平、革新教材内容等方面进行探索与实践。经过改革探索与实践,使学生真正的学有所用,可以对新药的有效性和安全性作出科学评价,指导临床合理用药。     

Integrating clinical pharmacology teaching with general practice

Aims To make Clinical Pharmacology teaching relevant and introduce students to therapeutic problems relevant to general practice.
Methods Six topics in the 'core curriculum' for Clinical Pharmacology were taught jointly by a Clinical Pharmacologist and General Practitioners (GPs). Formal teaching was reduced by issuing handouts containing copies of the overheads used. At least half the time was spent on interactive discussion of case histories.
Results Students rated the sessions more highly than other Clinical Pharmacology teaching and were not disadvantaged in examinations. All participants enjoyed and learnt from the experience and the GPs gained confidence in their ability to teach.
Conclusions This simple method is ideal for teaching Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.     

Incorporation of clinical pharmacology into the fourth year of the medical curriculum: teaching clinical pharmacology without a clinical pharmacologist

In congruence with the educational goals of the institution, the pharmacology department has developed courses for senior students. By using the students' recently acquired clinical knowledge, these courses amplify material from the core course in pharmacology. Engaging students in this type of course requires significant commitment from the faculty involved and also from the dean and department chairman. This course has outlasted many curricular changes and has remained in the mainstream of medical education. Goals of this course remain consistent with current proposals to develop new directions in medical education.     

浅谈临床药理学教学中的几点体会

临床药理学是临床医学生在开始临床实践活动前所接触的一门实用课程。为了提高临床药理学教学质量,培养具有扎实理论基础和一定临床工作能力的实用型医学人才,笔者通过总结在临床药理学教学中的经验与感受,就如何提高教学质量,培养学生学习的积极性和自主性,谈谈几点教学中的体会。     

P05 How to improve the teaching of clinical pharmacology

Clinical pharmacology plays an important role for medical students as well as clinical doctors to grasp the medication principle of efficacy, economy, and specification so as to realize drug therapy to be safe and rational. In order to improve the teaching quality, we have organized clinical pharmacology teaching in great consideration. First, teaching of clinical pharmacology is performed by the co-endeavour of both the basic pharmacology teachers and clinical doctors. The chapters of basic principles, clinical pharmacology of the aged, perinatal pharmacology, adverse drug reactions and drug induced diseases are performed by basic pharmacology teachers, while the drug therapies of various diseases are performed by clinical doctors. Such arrangement can educe both the teachers and the doctors＇ specialities greatly. And secondly, we have exploited suitable clinical pharmacology experiments, such as investigation of adverse drug reactions, practice of filling adverse drug reactions report forms, determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs in volunteers, observation of methods for new drugs＇ pharmacokinetic research and therapeutic drug monitoring and so on. In the end, we have improved the classic method for examination. We choose such questions with fairly depth and width and correlate with clinic for the exam as to develop the students＇ ability of analyzing and solving problems.     

The teaching of clinical pharmacology in Europe and North America

A recent survey conducted under the auspices of the WHO shows that on average in European medical schools only 28 hours of teaching are devoted to clinical pharmacology, whereas over 100 hours are devoted to pharmacology. In many schools no clinical pharmacology is taught, and there is a lack of trained individuals and posts in clinical pharmacology. In North America there is a similar lack of clinical pharmacology teaching.     

The case conference approach to teaching clinical pharmacology.

This article analyzes the development of the small group case conference format, historically, elsewhere, and at the authors' institution, as a way of introducing second-year medical students enrolled in a basic pharmacology course to the practicalities, nuances, and challenges of contemporary drug therapy. A number of goals and purposes for these conferences have been identified and incorporated into the development and execution of a plan carried out over the past 14 years. Two examples of the conferences were presented, including an analysis of their teaching features. A listing of the general topics of 40 individual conferences used by the authors was provided. The authors reviewed evidence based on several methods of evaluation that the conferences are enthusiastically accepted by second-year medical students as an adjunctive approach to teaching both basic and applied clinical pharmacology. In addition, the authors find that the conferences subserve a number of other teaching functions such as problem-solving, information retrieval and presentation, and peer co-instruction. The conferences provide a mechanism for faculty-student interaction and an additional way to evaluate student knowledge and performance beyond the more conventional examination approaches.     

以问题为基础互动式教学法用于临床药理学教学的探讨

目的 探讨以问题为基础学习(PBL)互动式教学法在临床药理学课堂教学中的实施及效果.方法 对2008级及2009级共87名学生的互动班,采用PBL互动式教学法进行课堂授课;而2006级及2007级共91名学生的传统班,采用传统式教学法,从学生课堂表现、考试成绩及学生对教学评价3个方面,评价两种教学法的教学效果.结果 互动班较传统班学生课堂表现和考试成绩明显改善,学生对教学评价明显提高.结论 PBL互动式教学法的实施,可改善教学效果,激发学习兴趣,提高学生思考、创新能力.     

"思路教学法"在药理学实验教学中的应用

应用"思路教学法",初步探讨了带教药理学实验的一个基本模式。该教学法得到了学生的认可。它的应用,优化了实验内容的课堂教学,并有利于提高学生学习的积极主动性,能够培养学生的"思路",强化素质教育。