小鼠脑损伤相关基因的克隆及表达与生物学功能初步分析

目的 克隆1个与小鼠脑损伤早期反应相关的新基因(GBI),并对其功能进行初步分析.方法 SMART-RACE技术克隆该新基因全长cDNA;采用生物信息学软件分析其可能的功能结构域和进行序列相似性分析;Northern Blotting分析该基因在小鼠主要组织器官的生理水平的表达.结果 该新基因全长cDNA序列为1798bp,含1个编码249个氨基酸残基蛋白质的开放性阅读框.推导蛋白质分子与1个即刻早期蛋白IE175和1个应激相关蛋白RAB21具有部分序列相似性.Northern杂交显示其仅仅在小鼠脑组织有基础水平的表达.结论 该基因可能与创伤早期反应的应激信号转导相关,并命名为脑损伤相关基因GBI(gene related to brain injury,gi|19338981|gb|AF481964.1).     

人类新基因flj20174的克隆、亚细胞定位、表达谱及功能初探

目的：研究人类系统性RNAi相关基因flj20174的克隆表达、亚细胞定位和表达谱，以及功能的初步探索。方法：利用生物信息学方法分析、预测flj20174基因的表达谱和功能；采用RT-PCR技术，从健康人外周血单个核细胞cDNA中，扩增获得flj20174可能的全长编码区，并将其亚克隆于pEGFP-N1载体；利用Northern杂交鉴定其转录本；利用半定量PCR确定flj20174在免疫组织和免疫细胞中的表达谱；通过脂质体转染入HeLa细胞，观察融合蛋白的亚细胞定位和过表达对细胞状态的影响。结果与结论：获得了2484bp的全长编码区。测序后发现与NCBI公布的Ak00018的序列完全一致；Northern杂交证实其转录本约为4669bp；证实该基因属于低丰度基因，在免疫细胞中有相对较高的表达，并在B细胞和T细胞激活后表达量下降；与EGFP融合表达后可见该蛋白主要分布于内膜系统，而且过表达该融合蛋白可以引起细胞的死亡，推测此过程可能与机体的免疫防御相关。     

人类内皮活化相关新基因EOLA1的发现及初步研究

为克隆一个在人脐静脉内皮细胞受脂多糖刺激后表达新序列标签ST5 5 (GenBank接受号BI12 16 4 6 )对应基因全长cDNA序列 ,作者在已知ST5 5序列基础上 ,采用快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)技术延伸ST5 5的 3′和 5′末端以获取其全长cDNA序列 ,并经Northern印迹杂交验证 ,再对序列进行生物信息学分析 ,获得一个新的人类基因 ,命名为内皮细胞高表达脂多糖相关因子 1(EOLA1) (GenBank接受号AY0 74 889) ,该基因定位于人染色体Xq2 7.3,推导编码蛋白EOLA1包含 15 8个氨基酸 ,预测EOLA1是与内皮细胞活化相关的新基因 ,可能在细胞内信号转导中发挥作用     

IRM-2小鼠全长cDNA编码蛋白质分析

目的 分离和鉴定IRM-2小鼠辐射抗性相关基因.方法 以IRM-2小鼠的21条表达序列标签为模板进行PCR扩增,从IRM-2小鼠全长cDNA文库中测定cDNA克隆的序列,通过与GenBank进行同源序列信息比对,对全长cDNA编码的蛋白质进行分析.结果 从IRM-2小鼠全长cDNA文库中获得5条全长cDNA序列,与小鼠已知基因不同源,得到了可能编码蛋白质的氨基酸序列和蛋白质的理化性质等信息.结论 通过对全长cDNA编码的蛋白质进行分析,提示IRM-2小鼠体内可能存在目前尚未发现的辐射抗性相关基因.     

TRIM基因家族一个新成员的克隆及功能研究

目的:克隆小鼠早期胚胎发育相关的新基因uTRIM,研究其胞内亚定位及功能.方法:通过数字差异显示搜索到可能和小鼠早期胚胎发育相关的新基因uTRIM,用RT-PCR方法从体外培养的小鼠囊胚中分离得到其全长cDNA;将其克隆到绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-N1中,在HEK 293细胞内表达后确定uTRIM分子的亚细胞定位.用RNAi对其在胚胎发育早期的功能进行初步的研究.结果与结论:uTRIM基因只在胚胎发育早期和成体睾丸组织中表达,亚细胞定位显示该蛋白位于细胞质中.RNAi结果显示抑制uTRIM表达使小鼠受精卵体外发育速度加快,提示uTRIM参与早期胚胎发育的负调控.     

小鼠新基因 msid2的克隆、亚细胞定位及表达特征

目的：研究小鼠系统性RNAi相关基因msid2的克隆、亚细胞定位及表达特征。方法：通过生物信息学方法寻找小鼠中与线虫的sid-1基因同源的基因，用RT-PCR方法从小鼠大脑中分离到其全长cDNA；将其亚克隆到绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-N1，用脂质体介导转入CHO细胞，确定其亚细胞定位。结果与结论：基因msid2的cDNA全长1353bp，编码450个氨基酸，定位于小鼠16号染色体，其基因组全长16kb，包括14个外显子和13个内含子。亚细胞定位试验结果初步表明，该蛋白定位于内质网及质膜。RT-PCR结果显示msid2在小鼠大脑、小脑中高表达，而在其他组织表达水平较低。     

+10 Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因cDNA文库的构建

目的构建＋10Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因的消减cDNA文库。方法本实验用SD大鼠，分别提取暴露组与对照组的总RNA，并分离纯化mRNA，应用抑制性消减杂交技术分离＋10GI重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因eDNA片段并建立消减eDNA文库；利用PCR对随机挑选的75个白色菌落进行插入片段的验证，对其中70个克隆进行eDNA斑点杂交验证。结果所构建的eDNA文库扩增后包含约400个白色克隆和100个兰色克隆，随机挑选75个白色克隆入质粒载体后共获得70个阳性克隆。结论应用抑制性消减杂交技术成功构建了＋10Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因消减eDNA文库，为进一步筛选和克隆脑损伤相关基因奠定了基础。     

新生大鼠脊髓损伤后大脑皮层cDNA文库中一条新基因的克隆及其相关蛋白功能的初步探讨

目的 从已构建的新生大鼠脊髓损伤后大脑皮层再生相关基因文库中克隆并鉴定一条再生相关基因H3(CA854305),并对其相关蛋白功能进行初步探讨.方法 用Northern印迹技术观察新基因在体内存在及其表达变化.并用电子克隆(in silico cloning)技术对该基因进行全长克隆,用DNAstar对所获序列进行生物信息学分析,用RT-PCR技术对最长的开放阅读框(ORF)进行初步验证. 结果 Northern印迹显示新生大鼠脊髓损伤后5 d,胚胎脊髓移植组对侧大脑皮层中的H3表达与损伤组和对照组比较,差异有统计学意义,移植组强于损伤组,损伤组强于对照组,提示H3可能与再生密切相关.电子克隆获得序列的最大长度为1 635 bp,最大ORF位于49～591 bp,结构分析符合Cozak规则.RT-PCR实验证实最大ORF序列. 结论 新生大鼠皮层神经元轴突中断后的再生过程中有H3基因表达增强,可能与神经元再生有关.     

增强型RACE技术克隆辐射诱导小鼠肠上皮新基因RS1

目的 在获得了辐射诱导小鼠肠上皮新基因RS1 EST序列的基础上获得全长cDNA。方法RT-PCR方法对RS1基因进行表达谱分析，找到表达丰度较高的组织提取总RNA作为模板，应用增强RACE技术即结合生物素探针富集靶cDNA的方法克隆RS1的cDNA末端。结果克隆到RS1片段3′端约2kb的序列。该序列5′端包含已知的RS1片段，3′端具有明显的polyA加尾信号，有编码区的终止密码子。明确了RS1的正、负链及其蛋白编码方向，为RS1 5′端的克隆提供了必要信息。结论 结果与本实验的设计完全一致，说明这一方法对从表达丰度低，难以设计最佳基因特异性引物的EST序列克隆其对应的全长cDNA是可行的，同时为下一步研究RS1在小鼠肠上皮辐射应激反应中的作用和被辐射诱导表达的调控模式奠定了基础。     

人分化相关基因Ndr3的克隆、组织表达谱及亚细胞定位研究

目的 :研究人源分化相关新基因Ndr3的克隆、组织表达谱及亚细胞定位。方法 :采用电子拼接和PCR扩增技术 ,从人 2 2周孕龄胎肝cDNA文库中获得与人Ndr1基因同源的一段表达性序列标签 ,继而从成人脑cDNA文库分离出Ndr3的全长cDNA ;采用点杂交分析和多组织Northern杂交分析方法 ,确定其组织表达谱 ;将其亚克隆入绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP_N1,用脂质体介导法转染COS_7细胞 ,确定其亚细胞定位。结果与结论 :Ndr3的全长cDNA为 2 879bp ,其开放阅读框 (ORF)编码 375个氨基酸 ,染色体定位为 2 0q12_11.2 3。Northern杂交和点杂交分析显示 ,NDR3在脑组织和睾丸中高表达 ,在肾、心肌和前列腺中有一定量的表达 ,在胚胎组织的表达较低 ,在 8种人肿瘤细胞中的表达极低。与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达的实验结果显示 ,该蛋白定位于核外胞浆内     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.