元素汞对神经行为功能影响的性别差异

本文研究了元素汞对机体神经行为功能影响的性别差异。 以某厂105名元汞中毒的汞作业工人为接触组,其中男性61名,女性44名;另以无毒物接触史的60名健康者为对照组,内男、女各30名。各组年龄、文化水平构成相近。所有受检者     

元素汞对神经行为功能影响的性别差异

本文报导了汞对神经行为功能毒作用的性别差异。选择105名从事汞作业的工人为接触组,接触汞浓度为0.009～0.42mg/m~3,另以60名无毒物接触史的健康者为对照组。各组性别、年龄及文化程度接近。所有受检者均严格按世界卫生组织神经行为核心测试方法作行为功能检查。结果表明:1、在情绪方面,汞对男性较女性易引起愤怒感;而女性则易致紧张感。2、汞对反映运动速度和准确性的目标追踪Ⅱ的影响,男性较女性明显;而对反应时的影响,则女性较男性敏感。     

低浓度硝化甘油对工人行为功能的影响

采用世界卫生组织神经行为核心测试方法,对接触硝化甘油作业工人工龄为17.1(2～32)年的89名工人及年龄、性别、文化程度与接触组相近的86名对照工人的行为功能进行了测试。结果表明:车间空气中近4年来硝化甘油浓度为0.52(0.08～2.22)mg/m~3时,接触工人机体某些行为功能已发生了明显变化。主要表现为简单反应时、数字跨度、提转捷度、视觉记忆及目标追踪Ⅱ明显差于对照组,差异有显著性意义。     

氯碱车间汞对工人健康影响的研究

本文总结了某氯碱车间的卫生学调查,汞作业工人(55名)和对照组(50名)的体检和实验室检查,表明汞作业工人的临床表现较对照组显著多见,指颤只出现在接触空气中汞浓度高于0.05mg/m~3的修槽、电解工中,汞作业工人的血、尿汞水平显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。以群组分析,血、尿汞水平与作业环境空气中汞浓度的高低呈平行关系。汞对工人肾功能的影响,只出现在尿汞55μg/g肌酐以上的修槽工。     

汞作业对工人健康影响的初步调查

选择某体温计厂68名工人,根据接触汞作业方式分为重汞作业组和轻汞作业组,进行职业健康体检,同时检测岗位工作场所空气中汞浓度。结果显示,除轻汞作业的接泡岗位空气中汞浓度未超过国家标准外,其他岗位的汞浓度均超过国家标准;各岗位工人尿汞平均值均超过国家标准限值。重汞作业工人尿汞值比轻汞作业工人高;异常症状发生率在一定范围内与尿汞值有关,但不随着尿汞值的升高而升高;实际接触工龄与尿汞值水平无关。     

汞作业工人神经行为功能的研究

对某金矿工人１９９人（对照组１０８人）进行的神经行为功能研究表明：接触组情绪状况得分（除有力－好动一项）和其余各项行为学指标得分均低于对照组。且随接触汞浓度增加，大多数行为功能得分呈递减趋势。在较低汞浓度接触组（平均为０．０１１４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）神经行为功能得分明显低于对照组。尿汞含量〈４９．８５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ的汞作业工人神经行为异常人数明显高于对照组。提示：长期职业接触汞蒸气在未引起明显的临床损害之     

职业性汞接触对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨汞对人体神经行为功能的影响。方法采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合,于2009年9月对60名汞作业工人和60名对照人员进行神经行为功能测试。结果接触组在情感状态、简单反应时、数字跨度、视觉保留及数字译码、手提转捷度较对照组均有显著变化。结论汞接触可导致工人神经行为功能明显降低,神经行为功能测试可用于汞作业的早期评价指标。     

长期低浓度汞接触工人生化免疫指标的初步观察

为了探讨长期低浓度汞接触工人生化、免疫指标的变化情况,我们对本市某荧光灯厂的64名汞接触工人进行了生化、免疫指标测定,以寻求汞接触工人健康监护的敏感指标。1　材料和方法1.1　调查对象　接汞组64名,为某荧光灯厂的注汞、排气、接脚等工种的工人。1995～1998年车间空气中汞浓度几何均值为0.011(0.002～0.048)mg/m3,样品合格率为85.5%(65/76);对照组选择当地无汞及其它有毒物质接触的某保健品公司职工76名。每个调查对象均经既往史、个人生活史等询问调查,全面体格检查确认无肝胆、心、肺、肾、血液系统、骨骼系统等疾病史。每天吸烟大…     

接触低剂量汞工人尿中β2-微球蛋白水平调查

目的 了解长期接触低剂量汞蒸气对工人肾小管功能的影响.方法 收集某光源生产企业接触汞作业工人尿液,检测其汞水平、尿中β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平;并收集该厂2004-2009年汞作业工作场所空气中汞质量浓度资料.结果 车间空气中汞时间加权平均浓度(TWA)为0.001～ 0.007 mg/m3,短时间接触浓度(STEL)为0.001～0.008mg/m3,将接触汞工人工龄(分为＜5年和≥5年)与尿汞水平、尿β2-MG水平进行相关性分析,发现工龄与尿汞水平、尿β2-MG水平之间,尿汞水平和尿β2-MG之间均无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论　在工作场所汞蒸气质量浓度低于国家规定卫生标准的情况下,长期接触汞对工人的肾小管功能尚未发现明显影响.     

某荧光灯制造企业汞接触工人职业健康状况及影响因素

[目的]了解某荧光灯制造企业汞接触工人职业健康状况,分析影响尿汞水平的因素。[方法]根据国家相关职业卫生标准对工作场所进行职业卫生学调查,并按照《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》（GBZ159-2004）中规定的采样原则在每个岗位设置了一个采样点。对汞接触人员进行职业健康检查,检查内容包括问诊,内、外科,口腔科,实验室检查,B超,心电图等。共调查汞接触工人1031名,其中男性351名,女性680名,年龄20～57岁。[结果]该企业122个检测点空气中汞浓度范围为0．001～0．013mg／m3,均未超标。1031名工人尿汞浓度范围为0．22～58．71μg／m3,中位数为3．26μg／g肌酐,9人尿汞浓度超标,超标率0．87％。尿蛋白阳性198人,阳性率19．20％;神经系统异常113人,异常率10．96％。女性工人的尿汞水平（中位数为3．38μg／g肌酐）商于男性（中位数为3．07μ∥g肌酐）（P=0．036）;年龄与尿汞浓度呈正相关（r=-0．089,P=0．011）;工龄与尿汞浓度无相关。[结论]该企业各岗位空气中汞浓度均低于O．02mg／m。,O．87％的工人尿汞浓度超标。性别和年龄可能为尿汞浓度的影响因素。     

Fertility of male workers exposed to mercury vapor or to manganese dust: a questionnaire study

The fertility of male workers exposed to mercury vapor or to manganese dust was assessed with the use of the questionnaire developed by Levine et al [1980]. In the mercury group (concentration of mercury in urine ranging from 5.1 to 272.1 micrograms/g creatinine), no statistically significant difference was found between the observed number of children and that expected on the basis of the reproductive experience of a well-matched control group. On the contrary, by comparison with their corresponding controls, the manganese-exposed workers exhibited a statistically significant deficit in the number of children during their period of exposure to the metal. The airborne concentration of manganese dusts at the different workplaces ranged from 0.07 to 8.61 mg/m3 with a geometric mean of 0.94 mg/m3.     

Psychological performance and long-term exposure to mercury vapors

In a cross-sectional study the psychological test performances of a group of 36 male chlorine-alkali workers were compared with the level of exposure to mercury and to the corresponding results of referents. The mercury exposure had lasted for at least 10 years and had been controlled by regular health examinations and urine analyses. Several dose indicators were calculated. The more heavily exposed workers performed more poorly on the verbal intelligence test (Similarities) than the referents did. Impairments in the memory tests showed a statistically significant correlation with the actual exposure level, especially with the actual concentration of mercury in blood. The monitoring of mercury in blood can be useful in health surveillance programs. The level of mercury in the air was calculated from the dose indicators. The results support the recommended exposure limit of 25 micrograms/m3 for metallic mercury vapor in the air as a level avoiding adverse effects in exposed workers.     

正己烷接触对血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶和神经丝蛋白的影响

目的 探讨正己烷接触对人体血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)及神经丝蛋白(neurofilament,NF)的影响.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附法分别测定接触正己烷且出现临床症状及异常体征的83名工人及不接触职业病危害因素的48名对照组员工的NSE和NF,并分析工龄和以上两个指...     

父母接触汞蒸气对子代智力发育影响的研究

用美国丹佛智力筛查法（ＤＤＳＴ），调查父母接触汞蒸气的子女（６岁以下）１５６人，对照组４８人。父母作业环境汞蒸气浓度：平均０．０１８５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３（范围０．００１－０．０６０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）。在动作能，应物能，言评语能和应人能四个检测项目中，父母接汞组儿童智力发育水平低于对照组，其中应物能最敏感。尿汞高于０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的儿童智力发育延长率比尿汞低于０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的儿童高，说明儿童体内汞负荷与智…     

某甲醇厂作业人员健康状况调查分析

目的 分析某甲醇作业场所作业人员健康情况,为职业卫生管理提供依据。 方法 选择该厂工龄1年以上,同时接触甲醇和噪声的113名作业人员为接触组,单纯接触噪声的101名作业人员为对照组,比较两组各体检指标的差异。 结果 作业场所空气中甲醇浓度较低,时间加权平均浓度为0.9~18.3 mg/m3,短时间接触浓度为1.7~37.2 mg/m3。甲醇作业人员现场接触噪声的8 h等效声级在57.5~86.3 dB (A)之间,非甲醇作业人员现场接触噪声的8 h等效声级在56.9~89.2 dB (A)之间,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接触组头痛、视物模糊、头晕、多梦、眼痛咽痛、皮肤瘙痒等自觉症状发生率高于对照组,肝功能异常、脂肪肝的发生率也高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01);部分甲醇作业人员出现手部皮肤粗糙现象。 结论 长期低浓度接触甲醇能对接触人员健康造成损害,但本次调查的作业人员体检结果要好于同类文献报道,这与该企业职业卫生管理工作相对到位有关。     

低浓度金属汞危害的职业流行病学研究

在控制影响评估的混杂和／或干扰因素和规定了相应的各变量和判别标准,对五个地区６个生产体温计和荧光灯管工厂进行了十余年的作业环境空气汞蒸气和检测,以及历年的职业健康监护结果,与相应的对照工人作比较;讨论了金属汞接触水平与汞危害（包括女工月经和生殖结局）之间关系。主要结果表明;接汞水平相当于０．０３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３,尿汞水平低于０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ,长期接触后轻度汞中毒的发生率为１．９％,不致引起女工月经和生     

Urinary mercury excretion and body weight on workers exposed to mercury vapour

Summary From the 5-year record of health checks including urinary mercury levels and body weights on 33 workers exposed to mercury vapour in a tungsten rod manufacturing factory, the relationships between the level of urinary mercury and the body weight, and between the change of urinary mercury levels and that of body weights, were analysed. Except for the workers with the short period of exposure, on whom no significant correlation was found, correlations between the changes; urinary mercury and body weight, were much stronger than those between the levels. In contrast to the significant negative correlations in the mentioned relationships on the workers with the long period of continuous exposure at atmospheric concentrations below 0.2 mg/m³, there was significant positive correlations on the workers with occasional, short-period exposures at much lower concentrations of mercury. The importance of analysis on the change of exposure and its relation to the effect was emphasized, and possible effects of mercury to the regulation of body weight was discussed.     

低浓度汞对神经行为功能影响的性别差异

目的了解低浓度汞接触对不同性别机体行为功能影响的差异,为制订有效的防护策略提供依据。方法选择汞作业工人６６人（其中女性４３人）为接触组,另选无汞接触史的健康者８６人（其中女性４０人）为对照组,采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心方法作功能测试。结果女性在注意力及反映速度、听记忆、感知－运动速度等方面受汞的影响较男性敏感,而男性在视感知方面易受损。结论在劳动保护方面应男女各有侧重,尤其应注意接汞女工的健康监护。     

Effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance

The effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance was investigated: the study groups included eight chronically exposed workers and 20 who were only occasionally exposed. These were compared with a control group of 22 subjects from the same plant who were not exposed to mercury. All subjects were administered the WHO test battery to detect preclinical signs of central nervous system impairment: the battery includes the Santa Ana (Helsinki version) test, simple reaction time, the Benton test, and the Wechsler digit span and digit symbol. In addition, the Gordon test was used to study personality profiles and the clinical depression questionnaire. Urinary mercury was used as indicator for internal dose. To this effect, urinary mercury observed in workers examined from 1979 to 1987 was evaluated. Of the pyschic functions explored by behavioural tests, only short term auditory memory was found to be impaired in the chronically exposed workers (p less than 0.05 compared with the controls). The chronically exposed workers were also found to be more depressed than those in the two other groups. No changes of visual motor functions were observed. The personality of the occupationally exposed workers was found to be considerably changed compared with that of the control group. On the basis of the results obtained and in view of urinary mercury mean concentrations in the exposed group which were 30-40 micrograms/l over the years, it is suggested that the TLV-TWA for mercury should be lowered to 0.025 mg/m3 and that the biological urinary exposure indicator for biological monitoring should be 25 micrograms/l.