风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤患者在经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后的心房纤颤电复律治疗(附538例报告)

探讨风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤（房颤）球囊二尖瓣成形术（PBMV）后房颤复律治疗的方法及复律后影响维持窦性心律的因素。方法：PBMV术后4～6周仍不能转复为窦性心律的房颤患者538例进行电复律治疗，转复后随诊3～6个月，动态观察房颤复发情况。结果：538例行体表电复律者，恢复窦性心律。     

风心病房颤患者心房纤维化程度与房颤复律后窦性心律维持的关系

41例风湿性心脏病（风心病）二尖瓣病变患者（房颤29例，窦性心律12例）行心脏外科手术时取右心耳组织，用V—G染色法和VIDAS-21图像分析系统测量其心房组织胶原容积分数（CVF）。结果房颤患者的心房组织CVF明显高于窦性心律患者（P〈0．05）。房颤患者均转复为窦性心律，随访12个月后，维持窦性心律20例，转为房颤9例；房颤复发患者的心房组织CVF、房颤持续时间和左房内径均明显大于维持窦性心律患者（P〈0．05）。提示心房纤维化程度可能是影响风心病房颤患者复律后窦性心律维持的因素之一。     

房颤患者心房肌细胞凋亡水平的变化

目的:研究心房颤动(房颤)患者心房肌细胞凋亡指数的变化,探讨房颤与心房肌细胞重构的关系。方法:38例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄换瓣术者,其中窦性心律者13例(A组)、阵发性房颤及房颤持续时间<6个月者8例(B组)、房颤持续时间>6个月者17例(C组)。外科手术时取3组病人右心耳组织少许,利用TUNEL法观察心房肌细胞凋亡指数。结果:房颤患者(B、C组)心房肌细胞凋亡指数比窦性心律者(A组)显著增高,分别为44.53%±11.08%,67.96%±16.09%对19.68%±15.36%,P均<0.05;凋亡指数与房颤持续时间成正相关。结论:心房肌细胞重构可能在房颤的发生或维持中起重要作用,是慢性房颤转复为窦性心律后心房收缩功能延迟恢复的主要原因。     

房颤患者心房肌细胞凋亡水平的变化

目的:研究心房颤动(房颤)患者心房肌细胞凋亡指数的变化,探讨房颤与心房肌细胞重构的关系. 方法:38例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄换瓣术者,其中窦性心律者13例(A组)、阵发性房颤及房颤持续时间＜6个月者8例(B组)、房颤持续时间＞6个月者17例(C组).外科手术时取3组病人右心耳组织少许,利用TUNEL法观察心房肌细胞凋亡指数. 结果:房颤患者(B、C组)心房肌细胞凋亡指数比窦性心律者(A组)显著增高,分别为44.53%±11.08%,67.96%±16.09%对19.68%±15.36%,P均＜0.05;凋亡指数与房颤持续时间成正相关. 结论:心房肌细胞重构可能在房颤的发生或维持中起重要作用,是慢性房颤转复为窦性心律后心房收缩功能延迟恢复的主要原因.     

心脏瓣膜置换术同期直视下射频消融治疗风湿性瓣膜病合并慢性房颤效果观察

目的观察心脏瓣膜置换术同期直视下射频消融治疗对慢性风湿性瓣膜病合并心房纤颤的疗效。方法选择80例有瓣膜置换手术指征并伴有慢性心房纤颤的患者,随机分成治疗组和对照组各40例。治疗组在心脏瓣膜置换同期行冲洗式射频消融,对照组则未给予射频消融治疗。结果随访（8.6±3.1）个月,治疗组中34例术后恢复窦性心律,转复率为85%;对照组术后11例恢复了窦性心律,转复率为27.5%;两组房颤转复率相比,P〈0.05。两组均无明显并发症出现。结论心脏瓣膜置换术同期直视下射频消融治疗能安全有效地治疗风湿性瓣膜性心脏病伴慢性房颤。     

换瓣同期行心内微波消融治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变伴心房颤动——近中期疗效分析

目的:探讨风湿性二尖瓣病变伴心房颤动(房颤)病例换瓣同期行心内微波消融术的近、中期疗效及可行性。方法:回顾性分析58例换瓣同期行心内微波消融术的风湿性二尖瓣病变伴房颤病例,患者平均年龄(49±12)岁;临床均确诊为风湿性二尖瓣疾病合并房颤,房颤病史平均(4.2±2.9)年。所有患者随访时间为术后3个月,6个月及12个月。结果:58例心脏手术复跳后均为窦性心律(100%),微波消融时间平均(15±5.2)min。围手术期因重度低心排出量综合征和呼吸衰竭死亡各1例。出院时51例患者为窦性心律,近期转复率为91.1%。术后6个月,2例复发转为房颤,49例为窦性心律(87.5%),术后12个月49例仍为窦性心率,总有效率87.5%。术后无血栓形成及神经系统并发症。结论:在风湿性二尖瓣病变伴房颤的病例换瓣同期行心内微波消融治疗是一种安全、有效的方法,且操作较“迷宫手术”和射频消融简单,手术时间短,易于推广。     

二尖瓣狭窄球囊成形术后心房颤动的复律治疗及其影响因素

为评价二尖瓣球囊成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）后心房颤动的复律疗效及维持窦性心律的影响因素，对３０例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动（简称二狭房颤）的患者在ＰＢＭＶ后１～２周进行复律治疗。结果显示：ＰＢＭＶ后近期复律治疗房颤均能转复为窦性心律。随访１９～４６（３１．６±７．１）月，２２例患者仍维持窦性心律（７３．３％）。房颤复发与患者的年龄、二狭程度无明显关系。房颤病程超过１２个月，ＰＢＭＶ后左房残留压较高和术后左房回缩程度小是房颤复发的重要影响因素。     

稳心颗粒治疗心瓣膜病合并心房颤动的临床观察

目的观察稳心颗粒治疗心瓣膜病合并心房颤动(AF)的临床疗效。方法将以二尖瓣狭窄为主要病变的风湿性心脏病合并AF经瓣膜置换术后仍为房颤的56例病人,随机分为两组,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用稳心颗粒9g,每日3次,用药3个月;对照组在常规治疗的基础上加用安慰剂。结果治疗3个月后治疗组转为窦性心律总数为26例,窦性心律转复率为86.7%,而对照组仅有5例转为窦律,窦性心律转复率为19.2%。两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组病人无肝、肾功能损害,白细胞减少及新发的其他心律失常病例。结论稳心颗粒对以二尖瓣狭窄为主要病变的风湿性心脏病合并AF经瓣膜置换术后仍为AF的病人具有很好的临床疗效,而且具有较好的安全性。     

胺碘酮治疗风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后心房颤动

目的探讨胺碘酮治疗风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后心房颤动的效果及应用价值。方法回顾性分析120例行风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术患者临床资料,按照随机、对照的原则分为观察组和对照组,各60例。对照组术后采用常规药物进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上,加用胺碘酮进行治疗。两组疗程均为1个月,比较两组患者术后房颤转复率、窦性心律维持率、ICU监护时间及住院时间。结果与对照组相比,观察组患者房颤转复情况、窦性心律的维持情况均较好(P<0.05);观察组患者ICU监护时间和住院时间明显短于对照组(P<0.01)。结论临床胺碘酮治疗风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后心房颤动患者效果较好,能够有效防止房颤的复发,维持术后窦性心律,并缩短ICU监护时间和住院时间。     

风湿性心脏瓣膜病心房颤动术后转复的远期疗效观察

１９７９年７月至１９９２年２月，对外科手术治疗后的４３例风湿性心脏瓣膜病并心房颤动（房颤）患者进行８０例次的房颤转复治疗，并随诊观察远期疗效。３７例（８６．０％）首次转复成功。窦性心律维持时间≥１年者５４．３％；≥３年者２０％。超过３年者窦性心律趋向稳定。其结果高于未手术患者房颤转复的远期疗效。重复转律成功率９１．９％。每次转复后窦律维持时间≥１年者仅２４．３％。分析影响远期疗效的因素时发现，远期疗效与房颤持续时间、左房径大小密切相关。房颤持续时间≤２年、心功能≤Ⅱ级、左房径≤５０ｍｍ者术后应积极转复。     

Immediate recurrence of atrial fibrillation after internal cardioversion: importance of right atrial conduction variations

This study investigates the importance of right atrial conduction features in predicting of immediate recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after internal cardioversion (IC). Patients with chronic AF who were resistant to external cardioversion were studied. Twenty-four patients (16 female, 8 male mean age 58 +/- 7 years) who were successfully converted to sinus rhythm (SR) by IC, and experienced recurrence of AF within 1 minute of restoration of SR were enrolled in group A. Thirty-four patients, who were converted to SR by IC and in whom SR was maintained at least 1 minute after IC, were enrolled in group B (24 female, 10 male mean age 56 +/- 6 years) as control. There was no difference in age, left atrial diameter, use of antiarrhythmic drug, etiology and duration of AF between the groups. After successful IC, His bundle electrocardiograms via placed electrode catheters, and surface electrocardiograms were recorded for 1 minute. P-A interval duration, as a marker of right atrial conduction, was measured from the onset of the earliest registered surface P wave to the onset of the atrial deflection on His-bundle catheter recording. The difference between the recorded maximum P-A duration and minimum P-A duration obtained in 1 minute after IC was described as P-A interval absolute difference. There were no differences in the maximum P-A duration and minimum P-A duration between two groups. But, the P-A absolute difference was more pronounced in group A compared to group B (16.9 +/- 7.7 ms versus 10.3 +/- 6.4 ms, P < .001) and was significantly correlated with P wave dispersion derived from the surface electrocardiogram (r = .72, P < .001) In conclusion, variations in right atrial conduction might play an important role in predicting immediate recurrence of AF in patients converted to SR by IC.     

Long-term results of direct-current cardioversion after open commissurotomy for mitral stenosis

For a 7-year period, cardiac rhythm before and after surgery was determined in 106 patients with mitral stenosis presenting with atrial fibrillation (AF) who had undergone open mitral commissurotomy. Forty-three of the patients reverted to sinus rhythm (SR) after primary or secondary direct-current (DC) cardioversion after surgery and maintained it until discharge from hospital. Thirty patients maintained SR for 3 months to 7.2 years (mean 2.5 years) after surgery. The actuarial maintenance rate of SR was 50% 7 years after surgery in these 43 patients. The duration of AF, preoperative left atrial dimension by M-mode echocardiogram and pathologic classification of the mitral valve were factors supposedly influencing the maintenance of SR for a long period after DC cardioversion. In 30 patients who reverted back to SR and maintained SR late postoperatively, the preoperative duration of AF was up to 5 years, and 35% of the patients had had AF for more than 1 year. Also, in 40% of these 30 patients, the preoperative cardiothoracic ratio was more than 60%. It is concluded that if sinus rhythm is restored by DC cardioversion before discharge from hospital after open mitral commissurotomy, it has a 50% chance of being maintained for 7 years after surgery. Long duration of AF and large cardiothoracic ratio should probably not dissuade one from attempting secondary DC cardioversion in these patients.     

Segmental atrial contraction in patients restored to sinus rhythm after cardioversion for chronic atrial fibrillation: a colour Doppler tissue imaging study.

AIMS: There is little known about segmental atrial function in patients with atrial arrhythmias. We evaluated segmental atrial contractility using colour Doppler tissue imaging (CDTI) in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) who were successfully restored and maintained in sinus rhythm (SR). METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared the segmental atrial contractility in 39 CAF patients who were successfully cardioverted and maintained in SR for 6 months. Follow up echocardiograms were performed at baseline, 1 week, 1 month and 6 months and compared to a normal age matched cohort (n = 34). Using CDTI, mean peak velocities of atrial contraction were measured from annular, mid and superior segments of lateral and septal walls of the left atrium and right atrium in the apical four-chamber view. Segmental velocities from the posterior and anterior walls of the left atrium were measured from the apical two-chamber view. Segmental left atrial velocities improved over time in the CAF group, with the majority of the recovery occurring in the first month, but failed to normalise even at 6 months. In comparison, the right atrial velocities in the AF group had normalised at 1 month. CONCLUSION: Patients with CAF have persistent segmental left atrial dysfunction even 6 months after restoration and maintenance of SR, though right atrial velocities appear to normalise. This differential recovery indicates that left atrial function remains subnormal in patients with CAF despite maintenance of SR, suggesting underlying atrial myopathy or fibrosis as a consequence of CAF.     

Stunning of the Left Atrium after Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation: Predictor for Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm?

Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardioversion (CV) to sinus rhythm (SR) is determined by various clinical and echocardiographic parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the value of mitral inflow A-wave velocity, performed at 24 hours after CV in estimation of AF recurrence. The study group consisted of 187 consecutive patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, who had been cardioverted to SR from 1998 to 2000. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all cases recruited for the study 24 hours after CV. Left atrial (LA) diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction, and mitral inflow A-wave velocity were measured. The patients were evaluated in five groups according to their recurrence time (<30 days, 31-90 days, 91-180 days, 181-365 days, and >365 days). Maintenance of SR was determined to have a negative linear correlation with age (r =-0.97, P = 0.006), LA diameter (r =-0.93, P = 0.02), and AF duration (r =-0.93, P = 0.02), while having a positive linear correlation with mitral inflow A-wave velocity (r = 0.96, P = 0.008). In the maintenance of sinus rhythm, age, LA diameter, and AF duration were not affected from the method of CV, while mitral inflow A-wave velocity was found to be affected with the method of CV. No relationship was determined between mitral inflow A-wave velocity and the maintenance of sinus rhythm in those performed electrical cardioversion, while frequency of recurrence was found to be higher in those with slow mitral inflow A-wave velocity who were performed pharmacological cardioversion (r = 0.89, P = 0.004). In conclusion, age, duration of AF, LA diameter, and the mitral inflow A-wave velocity can be used to predict the maintenance of SR after CV.     

Left atrial appendage outflow velocity is superior to conventional criteria for predicting of maintenance of sinus rhythm after simple cryoablation of pulmonary vein orifices.

BACKGROUND: We sought to identify factors favoring long-term restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent a simple cryoablation of pulmonary vein orifices (PV-cryo) as part of their cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 101 patients with AF undergoing PV-cryo, the 71 in SR at discharge were grouped according to whether they maintained or lost SR (group SR, n = 61, and group AF, n = 10) after an average of 2.3 years. Atrial fibrillation present at discharge (n = 30) persisted during follow up. Comparisons were made to identify preoperative predictive factors, including transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic parameters. Of patients discharged from the hospital with SR, 92% (46 of 50) of those with AF duration of 3 years or less were in group SR, as were 92% (23 of 25) of those with left atrial dimension of 50 mm or less, and 93% (37 of 40) of those with average peak left atrial appendage outflow velocities (LAA-V) of at least 30 cm/s. Of 25 patients in group SR who had no paroxysmal AF and did not require antiarrhythmic drugs, all had LAA-V over 20 cm/s. Patients in group AF all had LAA-V under 40 cm/s. CONCLUSIONS: Left atrial appendage outflow velocities was the best predictor of whether SR was maintained long-term after PV-cryo.     

Does flecainide regain its antiarrhythmic activity after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation?

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that presumed reversion of electrical remodeling after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) restores the efficacy of flecainide. BACKGROUND: Flecainide loses its efficacy to cardiovert when AF has been present for more than 24 hours. Most probably, the loss is caused by atrial electrical remodeling. Studies suggest electrical remodeling is completely reversible within 4 days after restoration of sinus rhythm (SR). METHODS: One hundred eighty-one patients with persistent AF (median duration 3 months) were included in this prospective study. After failure of pharmacologic cardioversion by flecainide 2 mg/kg IV (maximum 150 mg in 10 minutes) and subsequent successful electrical cardioversion, we performed intense transtelephonic rhythm monitoring three times daily for 1 month. In case of AF recurrence, a second cardioversion by flecainide was attempted as soon as possible. RESULTS: AF recurred in 123 patients (68%). Successful cardioversion by flecainide occurred only when SR had been maintained for more than 4 days (7/51 patients [14%]). Failure to cardiovert was associated with a prolonged duration of the recurrent AF episode and concurrent digoxin use. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that successful cardioversion was determined by digoxin use (odds ratio [OR] 0.093, P = .047) and by the interaction between the duration of SR and the (inverse) duration of recurrent AF (OR 6.499, P < .001). When flecainide was administered within 10 hours after AF onset and the duration of SR was greater than 4 days, the success rate was 58%. CONCLUSIONS: Flecainide recovers its antiarrhythmic action after cardioversion of AF. However, successful pharmacologic cardioversion occurs only after SR has lasted at least 4 days and is expected only for recurrences having duration of a few hours. Immediate pharmacologic cardioversion of AF recurrence may be a worthwhile strategy for management of persistent AF.     

心房颤动患者心房肌组织CYP11B2的mRNA表达及研究

目的　探讨心房颤动患者心房肌组织醛固酮合成酶 (CYP11B2 )的mRNA表达情况。方法　 38例因心脏疾患住院接受开胸手术的患者 ,男 18例 ,女 2 0例 ,年龄 18～ 77岁 ,平均 (5 1.92± 14 .0 0 )岁。按有无心房颤动病史分为 3组 :窦性心律组 (SR组 ) ,11例 ;阵发性心房颤动组 (pAF组 ,心房颤动持续时间 <6个月 ) ,13例 ;慢性心房颤动组 (cAF组 ,心房颤动持续时间 >6个月 ,14例。半定量聚合酶链式反应技术测定CYP11B2mRNA在心房肌组织中的表达情况。结果　与SR组和 pAF组相比 ,cAF组患者左心房直径明显增大 (分别增大 78.8%和 37.5 % ,P <0 .0 1) ,CYP11B2mRNA表达水平明显升高 (分别升高 81%和 11.8% ,P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,并与左心房直径变化显著正相关 (P <0 .0 0 1,r =0 .82 7)。cAF组左心室射血分数明显低于SR组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　组织醛固酮增加可能参与了心房颤动发生的介导 ,该作用很可能通过促进心房结构重构来实现。     

Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration inversely correlates with left atrial collagen volume fraction in patients with atrial fibrillation: plasma ANP as a possible biochemical marker to predict the outcome of the maze procedure.

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) level reflects atrial degenerative change and may predict the outcome of the maze procedure. BACKGROUND: Although a larger preoperative left atrial dimension and longer duration of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been reported in patients with persistent AF than in those with sinus rhythm (SR), these individual factors were not enough to predict the outcome of the maze procedure. METHODS: Preoperative plasma ANP levels were measured in consecutive 62 patients who underwent the Kosakai's modified maze procedure. Moreover, we performed histological and molecular biological examinations in the resected left atrial tissues. RESULTS: The preoperative plasma ANP was lower in the AF group (n = 13) than it was in the SR group (n = 49) (p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that duration of AF and plasma ANP were independently associated with postoperative cardiac rhythm. Among 41 patients with a higher plasma ANP or shorter duration of AF than the median value, SR was restored in 95% of patients. In contrast, in 21 patients with a lower plasma ANP and a longer duration of AF than the median value, SR was restored only in 48% of patients. Histological examination revealed that the collagen volume in the left atrial tissue was higher in AF than it was in SR and inversely correlated with plasma ANP. In addition, the messenger RNA expressions of ANP, collagen type I and type III were lower in AF than they were in SR. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a combination of plasma ANP and/or duration of AF may predict the success rate for the maze operation. Advanced atrial degenerative change may result in a decrease of atrial ANP secretion.     

Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with congestive heart failure

BackgroundCongestive heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), both of which cause morbidity and mortality, are mutually promoting diseases. We aimed to evaluate surgical AF ablation in CHF.Methods and ResultsAmong 212 patients (age 69 ± 8.8 years, 87% with persistent AF) undergoing concomitant left atrial (LA) ablation, 79 (37.3%) presented CHF (n = 62 with a left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 0.31–0.45, n = 17 with an LVEF ≤ 0.30). Patients with CHF were similar to controls regarding AF duration (61 ± 65.1 months vs. 54 ± 67.2 months, not significant [NS]), LA diameter (49 ± 7.5 mm vs. 50 ± 9.2 mm, NS), and heart rate (78 ± 18.4 min⁻¹ vs. 81 ± 21.3 min⁻¹, NS), but they required more circulatory support (17.7% vs. 1.5%, P < .001) and a longer intensive care unit stay (6 ± 9.5 days vs. 4 ± 10.5 days, P = .032). At follow-up after 13 ± 7.3 months, 42 patients (66%) with CHF and 81 controls (74%, NS) were in sinus rhythm (SR) (55% and 64% without antiarrhythmic drugs, respectively, NS). Univariate and logistic regression analysis revealed that AF duration and LA diameter predicted rhythm outcome but not CHF. In patients with an LVEF of 0.30 or less, SR conversion significantly improved LVEF, New York Heart Association class, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure score. Kaplan-Meier estimates suggested superior survival of patients with stable SR (100% vs. 73%, log-rank P < .05).ConclusionsIf patients presenting with CHF and AF require cardiac surgery, concomitant AF ablation should be considered, especially if left ventricular function is severely impaired.     

Factors predicting recurrence of atrial fibrillation after cardioversion

BACKGROUND: Factors predicting the maintenance of sinus rhythm (SR) after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been well defined. Little is known about the impact of the recovery of the left atrial mechanical function (RLAMF) on AF recurrences. AIM: To identify the clinical and echocardiographic predictors of AF recurrences after cardioversion. METHODS: Of 112 consecutive patients (39 females, 73 males, mean age 62.1+/-10.6 years) with AF who underwent successful electrical or pharmacological cardioversion, 50 maintained SR during 6 month follow-up whereas the remaining 62 had a recurrence of AF. Clinical examination and 2D Doppler echocardiography were performed. From the Doppler mitral flow, RLAMF was evaluated 1, 7, and 21 days after cardioversion. RESULTS: Patients with or without AF recurrence did not differ with respect to age, gender, aetiology, duration of AF, LA size and ejection fraction. In the univariate analysis the lack of RLAMF detected 1 day after cardioversion (relative risk - RR=1.15, p<0.01), functional NYHA class II or III (RR=1.86, p<0.005) and a history of AF episodes (RR=2.02, p相似文献