尿激酶治疗冠心病血浆D-二聚体的变化研究

应用ELISA双抗体夹心法，检测了31例冠心病患者血浆D-二聚体的含量。冠心病中急性心肌梗死（AMI）9例，不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）22例。结果：AMI及UAP患者血浆D-二聚体含量均高于对照组（P＜0．01），且AMI组高于UAP组（P＜0．05）。应用尿激酶治疗后，AMI组中血浆D-二聚体含量又再度升高（P＜0．01），以溶栓后6h升高最为显著。而UAP组1周内均无明显改变（P＞0．05）。提示：①AMI及UAP的交联纤维蛋白D-二聚体增多有血栓的形成和溶解；②AMI患者应用尿激酶溶栓治疗后，血浆D-二聚体再度升高，可为溶栓成功的指标之一，而小剂量尿激酶治疗UAP后，D-二聚体无明显变化。     

尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞D-二聚体的动态变化

应用尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞（AMI）D-聚体的动态变化16例患者。文献报道早期溶栓治疗可使大约60％的梗塞相关动脉（IRA）再通，从而降低AMI严重并发症的发生，减少梗塞延展，改善急性期预后。本文旨在观察溶栓前后D二聚体的动态变化与IRA再通与否之间的关系。1对象与方法1．1对象自1994年12月至1995年10月共人选16例，男12例，女4例，年龄574±6．5（40～65）岁，前（间）壁梗塞9例，下壁（或合并正后壁）梗塞7例，发病至开始溶栓的时间为2．8±2．3（0．5～0．6）h.未予溶栓治疗的20例作为对照组。1．2方法尿激酶（UK，广…     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗期间血浆D-二聚体的动态变化及其临床意义

目的 :探讨血浆 D-二聚体对评价溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)的价值及意义。　　方法 :2 9例 AMI患者分为溶栓组 (n=2 1) ,未溶栓组 (n=8) ;溶栓组根据溶栓治疗后冠状动脉 (冠脉 )是否开通又分为溶栓再通组 (n=12 ) ,溶栓未通组 (n=9) ;采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (EL ISA)法检测血浆 D-二聚体的水平 ,并与正常对照组 (n=2 0 )进行比较。　　结果 :AMI未溶栓组血浆 D-二聚体较正常对照组显著升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;溶栓组血浆 D-二聚体较未溶栓组显著升高(P<0 .0 5 ) ,溶栓后血浆 D-二聚体较溶栓前显著升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,于溶栓后 6小时达高峰 ;溶栓再通组血浆 D-二聚体较溶栓未通组显著升高 ,溶栓前及溶栓后 6小时两组比较有极显著统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1)。　　结论 :AMI早期已有纤溶系统亢进 ,应用溶栓药后进一步激活纤溶系统而发挥作用 ,且以溶栓再通组更显著。     

血浆D-二聚体在急性主动脉夹层诊断中的价值

目的探讨血浆D-二聚体在急性主动脉夹层诊断中的价值。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2011年10月在我院确诊的69例急性主动脉夹层患者（简称主动脉夹层组）、同期70例急性肺栓塞患者（肺栓塞组）和70例因胸痛住院的其他患者（胸痛组）的血浆D-二聚体等临床资料,比较D-二聚体在不同类型患者中的水平差异,分析D-二聚体水平与急性主动脉夹层预后的关系。结果所有急性主动脉夹层患者D-二聚体均超过500μg／L,敏感性100％;死亡患者血浆D-二聚体浓度高于存活患者（P〈0．05）。血浆D-二聚体浓度主动脉夹层组、肺栓塞组和胸痛组分别为（3479．2±2200．0）μg／L、（1560．7±940．0）μg／L和（179．8±167．0）txg／L,三组比较P〈0．01,每两组比较P〈0．05。结论急性主动脉夹层患者血浆D-二聚体明显升高,其平均浓度超过急性肺栓塞患者。D-二聚体阴性有助于排除急性主动脉夹层的诊断;D二聚体升高对判断预后有-定的指导价值。     

肝硬化门静脉血栓患者血浆D-二聚体水平及其临床意义

目的探讨肝硬化门静脉血栓（PVT）患者血浆D-二聚体水平及其临床意义。方法在77例肝硬化患者中,PVT形成患者31例,无血栓形成患者46例,依据螺旋cT检查诊断PVT,采用乳胶凝集法检测血浆D-二聚体水平。结果血栓组和无血栓组患者血浆D-二聚体水平分别为1．2±0．5mg/l和0．6±0．4mg／l（P〈0．01）;血栓组伴中重度食管静脉曲张患者血浆D-二聚体水平（1-3±O．5m鲫）显著高于轻度食管静脉曲张患者（0．9±0．5mg/l,P〈0．05）;血栓形成伴消化道出血和死亡患者血浆D-二聚体水平显著高于无出血和生存患者（P〈0．01）。结论肝硬化患者血浆D-二聚体水平升高可能与PVT形成有关,并严重影响预后。     

急性脑梗死病人血浆D-二聚体及CD62p含量的动态变化及其意义

目的观察急性脑梗死（ACI）病人血浆D-二聚体和CD62p水平的动态变化度其临床意义。方法测定125例ACI病人血浆D-二聚体和CD62p水平，并设健康对照组（60名）对比研究。结果脑梗死病人不同病期D-二聚体和CD62p水平均明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。D-二聚体和CD62p水平与梗死面积成正相关。结论ACI病人血浆D-二聚体和CD62p水平升高，这与体内血液凝固性增强和血小板活化有关。测定血D-二聚体和CD62p水平对ACI病情预测和辅助诊断具有重要意义。     

高血压性脑出血与D-二聚体及高敏C反应蛋白的关系探讨

目的探讨高血压性脑出血病人急性期血浆D-二聚体、血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的动态变化及临床意义。方法采用磁珠法对60例高血压性脑出血急性期病人血浆D-二聚体水平进行检测，采用免疫比浊法测定hs-CRP含量，并与40名健康体检者进行比较。结果高血压性脑出血病人急性期D-二聚体、hs-CRP水平均高于健康对照组（P〈0.01）；hs-CRP水平病情重者升高更明显，病情好转组血清hs-CRP水平显著低于无好转组（P〈0.01）。治疗后恢复期hs-CRP水平较健康对照组无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论动态观察D-二聚体和hs-CRP水平对高血压性脑出血的病程、病情判定及评价预后均有重要意义。     

低分子肝素对慢性肺心病患者血浆D-二聚体的影响

目的观察低分子肝素（LMWH）对肺心病患者血浆D-二聚体的影响。方法68例肺心病患者随机分为A．B两组。A组（治疗组）在常规治疗基础上加用LMVVH5000单位每日1次，皮下注射，10次为1个疗程。B组（对照组）给以常规治疗。结果A组血浆D-二聚体明显下降，治疗前后相比有显著差异（P（0、01），而B组血浆D-二聚体治疗前后相比无显著差异（P）0．05）。A、B两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论LMVVH可使肺心病患者血浆D-二聚体明显降低，可改善血液高凝状态。     

D-二聚体对老年重症社区获得性肺炎30天死亡率的预测价值

目的探讨D-二聚体水平对住院老年重症社区获得性肺炎（CAP）患者30d死亡率的预测价值。方法152例符合诊断标准的老年重症CAP患者纳入研究,人院后即进行D-二聚体、c-反应蛋白（CRP）检测及肺炎严重度指数（PSI）评分,记录患者30d死亡率。采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析D-二聚体对30d死亡率的预测价值,计算曲线下面积（AUC）。结果PSI评分Ⅳ级患者的D-二聚体水平为（961．55±186．49）μg／L,V级为（1122．53±197．98）μg／L,两者差异有明显统计学意义（t=5．159,P〈0．001）;死亡患者的D-二聚体水平（1112．59±215．25）μg／L明显高于存活患者的D-二聚体水平（920．46±126．89）μg／L（t=6．239,P〈0．001）。Pearson相关性分析显示,D-二聚体和PSI有明显相关性（r=0．47,P〈0．0001）;ROC分析表明D-二聚体的AUC为：0．79（95％CI：O．72～0．85）,和PSI的AUC相比差异无统计学意义（0．85,95％CI：0．78～0．91,P=0．095）。结论D-二聚体水平对住院老年重症CAP患者30d死亡率有较好预测价值。     

肝硬化患者血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白和D-二聚体的检测及意义

[目的]探讨肝硬化患者血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白（sTM）和D-二聚体的变化及其临床意义。＼[方法]将82例肝硬化患者按肝功能Child-Pugh分级标准分为A、B、C3组,再根据门静脉系统有无血栓形成分为血栓组、非血栓组;选择40例健康体检者作为对照（D）组;检测各组血浆的sTM和D-二聚体水平。[结果]肝硬化A、B、C组的sTM和I）I二聚体水平显著高于D组（P〈0．05）,肝硬化血栓组的sTM和D-二聚体水平明显高于非血栓组（P〈0．05）,且随着肝功能Child-Pugh分级的恶化,sTM和I）I二聚体水平明显升高。[结论]肝硬化患者存在不同程度的血管内皮细胞损伤及凝血和纤溶系统的激活,血浆sTM、D-二聚体水平可作为判断肝硬化病情严重程度、预测门静脉系统血栓形成的指标。     

血肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、C-反应蛋白和D-二聚体水平与急性胸痛患者预后关系的评价

目的：前瞻性研究血清肌钙蛋白Ｉ（ｃＴｎＩ）、Ｃ－反应蛋白（ＣＲＰ）和血浆Ｄ－二聚体水平对急性胸痛患预后的评估作用。方法：９０例急性胸痛患，分别测定ｃＴｎＩ、ＣＲＰ和Ｄ－二聚体水平后，随诊３个月。随诊终点为心脏事件。结果：随诊期间１４例患发生心脏事件，其中８６％患ｃＴｎＩ水平升高，５０％ＣＲＰ升高，７９％Ｄ－二聚体升高，５０％患３项均升高。９０例患中，ｃＴｎＩ升高和正常组心脏事件发生率分别为２５％和５％（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＣＲＰ升高和正常组为３２％和１０％（Ｐ〈０．０１），Ｄ－二聚体升高和正常组为３３％和５％（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论：急性胸痛患就诊时的ｃＴｎＩ、ＣＲＰ和Ｄ－二聚体水平分别与预后相关。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者平均血小板体积的变化及与冠状动脉影像的关系

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者平均血小板体积（MPV）变化及与冠脉影像的关系。方法: STEMI患者200例,测定MPV和血生化等实验室指标,行心脏超声检查,阅读急诊冠脉造影结果,分析直接经皮冠脉介入术后梗死相关动脉的血流。选择同期接受冠脉造影但排除冠心病的住院患者200例作为对照。结果: STEMI患者MPV显著高于对照组;校正其它影响因素后,MPV与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和左室射血分数（LVEF）呈独立负相关,与冠脉病变积分呈独立正相关;MPV于冠脉多支病变亚组显著高于单支病变亚组,左前降支为梗死相关动脉亚组显著高于左回旋支亚组,梗死相关动脉无自发性开通亚组显著高于自发性开通亚组,直接经皮冠脉介入术后没有达到TIMIⅢ级血流的亚组显著高于达到TIMIⅢ级血流的亚组。结论: STEMI患者MPV显著升高,与冠脉病变严重程度和梗死相关动脉的慢血流有密切关系。     

Study of the Fibriolytic Inhibition and Clinical Prognosis in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Complicated with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives To study the status of fibrinolytic inhibition in patients of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) complicated with type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and to evaluate the effect of fibrinolytic inhibition to the clinical prognosis. Methods Type II diabetes mellitus was defined by ADA 1997/WHO 1998 criteria. The subjects were divided into treatment groups that included 39 patients of ACS with 20 cases of acute myocardiac infarction (AMI), 36 patients of ACS + NIDOM with 20 cases of AMI. Twenty cases of healthy people were randomized to control group. The plasma level of tissue type plas-minogen activator (t - PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type - 1 (PAI - 1) and plasma D - dimer were detected by using elisa technique. The index of statue in fibrinolysis was detected with the plasma level of D -dimer and the rate of PAI - 1/D - dimer in percentage. This index was used to evaluate the fibrinolytic inhibition and the clinical outcome in all the patients with AMI in treatment groups. The clinical out     

Defibrotide versus heparin in the prevention of coronary reocclusion after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction

Summary A multicenter controlled study versus heparin was conducted to explore the activity of defibrotide, a polydesoxy-ribonucleotide drug, in preventing reocclusion after urokinase thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study involved 137 consecutive patients with AMI and a time from the onset of symptoms 6 hours, treated with urokinase (1,000,000 U intravenous bolus followed by 1,000,000 U slow-drip infusion over 12 hours). Immediately after thrombolysis, patients were allocated to treatment with defibrotide (group D: day 0, 3.6 g by intravenous infusion in 12 hours; days +1 to +6, 800 mg tid intravenously; days +7 to +10/+12, 400 mg tid intramuscularly), or heparin (group H: day 0, 1000 IU/hour infused over 12 hours; days +1 to +10/+12, 5000 IU tid subcutaneously). Coronary angiography was done, whenever possible, at +10/+12 days. The following parameters were assessed: (a) noninvasive estimate of myocardial reperfusion, through the analysis of CPK time-activity curves; (b) incidence of infarct-related artery (IRA) patency (TIMI scores 2–3) at coronary angiography. A total of 125 patients had a complete enzymatic curve (63 in group D and 62 in group H) and 106 had coronary angiography as well. IRA patency (the main end point) was observed in 63% of group D versus 43% of group H patients (p=0.07). No statistically significant differences were found in the proportion of patients with indirect signs of early reperfusion (63% in group D versus 52% in group H patients). Combining the findings of CPK curve analysis and coronary angiographic data, the D group showed a trend towards a minor proportion of patients with reocclusion of a possibly patent IRA (28% vs. 47%) and a greater proportion of patients with late reperfusion of a possibly occluded IRA (44% vs. 37%), in comparison to the H group. These preliminary data suggest that defibrotide is equal, if not more effective than heparin, in combination with urokinase, in achieving IRA patency in patients with AMI.     

缺血性中风患者测定血浆D—二聚体水平的意义

目的：探讨血浆D－二聚体水平与不同时相、不同面积缺血性中风患的关系。方法：采用胶乳凝聚法按不同年龄组分别测定92例正常人和118例缺血性中风患急性期和恢复期血浆中的D－二聚体含量。结果：缺血性中风患急性期及恢复期血浆D－二聚体的含量均较正常对照组明显升高（P＜0．001）,以急性期最高,恢复期D－二聚体含量已出现下降,与急性期相比有显性意义（P＜0．05）,但仍明显高于正常对照组（P＜0．05）。并且与梗死面积呈正相关;正常人D－二聚体含量随年龄的增高有增长的趋势,低年龄组与高年龄组有显性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：缺血性中风患急性期确实存在高凝状态,血浆D－二聚体水平不仅可作为观察缺血性中风病情轻重的指标,而且也是判断预后、观察治疗效果的监测指标之一。     

Late reperfusion (6-24 hours after onset) improves left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction

The TAMI-6 trial has demonstrated that coronary reperfusion >6h after onset (ie, late reperfusion) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) does not improve left ventricular (LV) function during the chronic phase of infarction. However, the low patency rate (only 60%) of the infarct-related artery (IRA) during the chronic phase in the TAMI-6 trial raises a new hypothesis that late reperfusion with a higher patency rate may improve LV function during the chronic phase. Forty-four patients with AMI, who were admitted to hospital 6-24h after the symptom onset and in whom emergency coronary angiography revealed a total occlusion of the IRA, were randomly assigned to either the late reperfusion group (n=22) or the non-reperfusion group (n=22). The initial success rate of reperfusion therapy in the late reperfusion group was 86% and the chronic patency rate of the IRA was 91%. The improvements in ejection fraction and chord shortening in the infarct region from the acute phase to the chronic phase were significantly greater in the late reperfusion group than in the non-reperfusion group. Late reperfusion with a high patency rate of the IRA significantly improves LV global and regional function in patients with AMI.     

52例肺栓塞治疗前后纤维蛋白原和D二聚体的变化

本文对 52例肺栓塞患者治疗前后纤维蛋白原和D 二聚体进行测定 ,发现治疗有效者纤维蛋白原有明显下降 (P <0 .0 5) ,无效者则有上升趋势 ,而D 二聚体在治疗 2 4h后下降 ,其中有效者下降明显 (P <0 .0 5) ,结果表明 ,纤维蛋白原和D 二聚体的变化对肺栓塞疗效判定有一定临床意义     

Role of D dimer in patients with elevated fibrinogen degradation products in serum: further study in chronic myelogenous leukemia

We quantitatively assayed the levels of cross-linked fibrin degradation products (D dimer) in plasma at 73 points in time in 32 patients with elevated fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in serum. The assay of FDP was performed on serum samples prepared in test tubes containing 5 U/ml thrombin (final concentration) by a method based on latex agglutination using antifibrinogen antibodies, and the levels of D dimer in plasma were determined by a newly developed latex immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies which do not cross-react with fibrinogen. 5 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) had highly elevated FDP levels with normal levels of D dimer. Plasma samples from such patients with CML were treated with various concentrations of thrombin (2-10 U/ml) and after the removal of fibrin clots the levels of FDP in supernatants were assayed by the FDP assay procedure described above. The levels of FDP were normalized when plasma were treated with 10 U/ml thrombin. In 2 patients with CML who had elevated levels of FDP in serum, it was impossible to remove fibrinogen completely by addition of 5 U/ml thrombin. However, FDP levels in the sera treated with 5 U/ml thrombin were almost normal in normal controls and patients with other diseases than CML. From these results it is concluded that residual fibrinogen reacted in the assay procedure as markedly increased FDP in supernatants and elevated FDP levels in serum reflected fibrinogen-related materials, which may not completely polymerize in the presence of lower concentrations of thrombin in some patients with CML. The assay of D dimer in plasma using monoclonal antibodies is recommended in cases of CML to rule out disseminated intravascular coagulation.     

急性心肌梗死和不稳定性心绞痛患者粘附分子及相关因素的研究

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)和不稳定性心绞痛 (UAP)患者发病早期和 1周可溶性细胞间粘附分子 1(sICAM 1)、可溶性血管细胞粘附分子 1(sVCAM 1)、D 二聚体、血小板第 4因子 (PF4 )的动态变化及其相互关系。方法　测定 40例AMI、45例UAP患者发病 2 4h和 1周时血清sICAM 1、sVCAM 1、D 二聚体、PF4 并与 30例对照组比较。结果　AMI和UAP患者于发病 2 4h和 1周时sICAM 1、sVCAM 1、D 二聚体、PF4 均明显高于对照组 (P<0 0 1)。AMI组中 ,溶栓再通者与未溶栓者sICAM 1、sVCAM 1、D 二聚体、PF4 比较 ,差异无显著性意义 (P>0 0 5 )。AMI溶栓组中再通后与再通前相比 ,sICAM 1、sVCAM 1、D 二聚体均明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ;AMI、UAP组于发病 2 4h及 1周时sICAM 1与sVCAM 1均具有正相关性 (P <0 0 1) ,PF4 与sICAM 1、sVCAM 1、D 二聚体间亦具有正相关性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　AMI、UAP从发病早期至 1周sICAM 1、sVCAM 1持续升高 ,以AMI更为明显 ,表明炎症参与心肌细胞损伤过程     

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid D dimer levels are higher and more prevalent in black patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of lung coagulation and fibrinolysis in sarcoidosis are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. OBJECTIVE: We previously showed that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) D dimer directly correlated with various measures of severity in sarcoidosis. Here, we analyze our observation that BALF D dimer was more frequently found at higher levels in African-American patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. METHODS: BALF D dimer was measured in 55 subjects with pulmonary sarcoidosis and 31 healthy volunteers by enzyme immunoassay. The healthy group established a normal range of BALF D dimer with 71 ng/ml as the highest measured level. This was the cut point for comparisons among the patients with sarcoidosis. RESULTS: High BALF D dimer levels (>71 ng/ml) were found in younger patients with sarcoidosis and were associated with a significantly lower percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s and greater numbers of BAL lymphocytes. Black patients with sarcoidosis had higher BALF D dimer levels (median 131, range 0-2,040 ng/ml) than white patients (median 18, range 0-605 ng/ml; p = 0.011). Higher than normal BALF D dimer levels were found in 61% of the black subjects with sarcoidosis, but in only 20% of the white individuals (chi(2) = 5.539, p = 0.019). BALF D dimer was the only disease measure that discriminated black from white individuals with sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION: BALF D dimer is an indicator of lung fibrin formation and degradation in sarcoidosis. The relationship of high D dimer levels with greater BAL lymphocytosis and worse lung function may be a marker of active sarcoidosis, especially in African-Americans who tend to suffer a more serious form of the disease.