右室心肌梗死对急性下壁心肌梗死临床特征和预后的影响

目的：分析右室心肌梗死(心梗)对急性下壁心梗临床特征和预后的影响。方法：比较急性单纯性下壁心梗(第一组)和急性下壁心梗合并右室心梗(第二组)两组患的临床特征和院内病死率。结果：共176例患符合入选条件，第一组115例，第二组61例。第一组低血压、快速心律失常(包括阵发性室上性心动过速，阵发性心房颤动，领发室性早搏，室性心动过速，心室纤颤等)、缓慢心律失常(包括窦性心动过缓，房室传导阻滞)、心功能不全的发生率和院内病死率显低于第二组(P＜0．05)。静脉溶栓、急诊PTCA和未行再灌注治疗的院内病死率在第一组的分别为3．23％，3．33％和29．17％，在第二组分别为9．25％，13．04％和82．35％。结论：当急性下壁心梗合并右室心梗时，患的临床表现更为严重，院内病死率增高。积极行溶栓或急诊PTCA治疗，可显降低其院内病死率.     

急性下壁合并后壁心肌梗死的心电图表现及其临床特点分析

目的探讨急性下壁合并后壁心肌梗死患者的心电图表现及其临床特点。方法对45例急性下壁合并后壁心肌梗死(A组)及60例单纯急性下壁心肌梗死(B组)患者的心电图进行对比分析。结果A组的平均RV1振幅、V1～V3导联ST段压低值及院内并发症发生率均显著高于乙组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论急性下壁合并后壁心肌梗死患者的梗死面积大,院内并发症发生率高。后壁心梗的正确诊断对整个梗死面积的估计和预后判断有重要意义。     

不同罪犯血管引起的急性下壁心肌梗死临床特点

目的分析不同罪犯血管引起的急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点。方法纳入发病12 h内入院的急性下壁心肌梗死患者268例,急诊行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,根据不同罪犯血管将患者分为2组,右冠状动脉(RCA)组:216例为闭RCA塞;左回旋支冠状动脉(LCX)组:52例为LCX闭塞。对两组临床特征和心电图进行比较分析。结果合并右室心肌梗死,心源性休克,RCA组心力衰竭显著高于LCX组(P0.05);RCA组左室射血分数(LVEF)显著低于LCX组[(51±8)%vs.(58±10)%,P0.05];但住院死亡率等两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);心电图STⅢ抬高/STⅡ抬高≥1、STV4R抬高≥1 mm、高度房室传导阻滞(AVB)、室速/室颤(VT/VF)各项指标在RCA组显著高于LCX组(P0.01)。结论 RCA和LCX梗死引起的急性下壁心肌梗死临床特征和心电图表现有差异,心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ及V4R导联ST段变化能预测急性下壁心肌梗死患者犯罪血管,对临床治疗和预后有指导作用。     

急性心肌梗死早期血钾水平变化及改良危险评分的临床意义

目的探讨急性心肌梗死早期血钾水平变化及改良危险评分的临床意义,为临床工作者提供参考。方法回顾分析我院收治的193例急性心肌梗死患者的临床资料。急性心肌梗死患者在入院后定期抽外周静脉血测定血清钾,了解早期血钾的变化趋势。根据血钾浓度(血钾3.5mmol/L为低血钾,血钾3.5~5.5mmol/L为正常)将患者分组,统计室性心律失常。采用改良TIMI危险评分预测2014年1月~2014年12月期间,我院收治的急性心肌梗死患者并发室性心律失常的可能性。结果低血钾在急性心肌梗死患者中的发生率为23.33%。下壁合并右室和广泛前壁梗死患者的平均血钾水平低于3.5mmol/L,下壁合并右室和广泛前壁梗死组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。低血钾组(n=45)心梗患者中34例并发室性心律失常,发生率为75.55%,正常组(n=148)心梗患者中29例并发室性心律失常,发生率为19.59%,组间具有显著性差异(P0.05)。采用改良TIMI危险评分预测室性心律失常灵敏度为80.21%,特异度70.83%。结论低钾血症是急性心肌梗死室性心律失常的影响因素,在急性心肌梗死早期应监测血钾水平,及时补钾。     

中西医结合治疗急性下壁合并右室心肌梗死36例

目的 观察参麦注射液和注射用葛根素及通心络胶囊结合西医治疗急性下壁合并右室心肌梗死的临床疗效.方法 选择急性下壁合并右室心肌梗死患者70例,按照随机设计分为两组,治疗组36例,对照组34例.对照组给予单纯西医治疗,治疗组在西医治疗基础上给予参麦注射液和注射用葛根素静脉输注,通心络胶囊口服.两组疗程均为4周.观察梗死后心绞痛发生率、心律失常发生率、病死率.结果 治疗组梗死后心绞痛发生率5.6%,对照组为26.5%;治疗组心律失常发生率19.4%,对照组为38.2%;治疗组病死率8.3%,对照组为20.6%.两组观察指标比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 参麦注射液和注射用葛根素及通心络胶囊配合西医治疗急性下壁合并右室心肌梗死,中西医结合优势互补收到较好效果.     

急性心肌梗死伴糖尿病患者溶栓疗效观察

急性心肌梗死 (心梗 )静脉溶栓治疗 ,已被公认为疗效肯定且安全的再灌注疗法 ,可使患者病死率和心力衰竭 (心衰 )的发生率明显降低。急性心梗静脉溶栓早期再灌注的建立对患者的预后有重要影响。我们观察了尿激酶静脉溶栓对急性心梗伴糖尿病的临床疗效 ,并与不伴糖尿病患者进行比较。对象与方法1.对象 :选择 1999年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 2月在我院心内科住院并于发病 12小时之内接受静脉溶栓治疗的急性心梗患者10 6例 ,其中合并糖尿病者 3 0例 ,年龄 49～ 78岁 ,平均年龄62 .0 0岁± 8.88岁 ,前壁梗死 10例 ,下壁梗死 4例 ,其它及复合壁 16例 ,平…     

前壁及下壁急性心肌梗死并发心律失常比较分析

目的:比较分析前壁及下壁急性心肌梗死(AMI)后并发心律失常的类型。方法:收集了186例急性心肌梗死患者梗塞后出现的各种心律失常的类型,并作统计分析。结果:①前壁心梗后窦速和室内传导阻滞发生率显著高于下壁心梗(P分别<0.05,<0.01),而下壁心梗后窦缓及房室传导阻滞发生率显著高于前壁心梗(P均<0.01)。②下壁心梗并发房性及室性异位节律(未包括室颤)均显著高于前壁心梗(P均<0.05)。结论:前壁心梗及下壁心梗并发心律失常的类型有差别:前者以窦速和室内传导阻滞较常见,后者以窦缓、房室传导阻滞及房室异位心律常见。     

急性心肌梗死合并感染患者住院期死因分析

目的分析急性心肌梗死(心梗)合并医院感染患者冠状动脉(冠脉)造影特点及影响院内死亡率的因素。方法回顾性分析206例急性心梗合并医院感染患者的临床资料,观察其中51例冠脉造影患者病变血管分布、范围、支数,并应用Logistic回归分析所有患者院内死亡的危险因素。结果急性心梗合并医院感染患者冠脉多支病变发生率为78.43%,单支病变以左前降支受累最多(81.8%)。年龄、心功能、合并症个数与院内死亡率相关。结论急性心梗合并医院感染患者冠脉病变复杂、严重。高龄、心功能差、合并症多是院内死亡的独立危险因素。     

急性心肌梗死合并右束支阻滞11例的临床分析

急性心肌梗死 (ＡＭＩ)者一旦出现右束支传导阻滞 (ＲＢＢＢ)时 ,室性心律失常等并发症发生率高 ,可导致心肌泵功能丧失、心脏血流动力学变化 ,死亡率高。本文对 5 6例ＡＭＩ患者进行心电图分析 ,旨在探讨ＲＢＢＢ在ＡＭＩ时发生的临床意义。1　资料与方法1 1　对象　 1996年 1月以来住院符合ＷＨＯＡＭＩ诊断标准者 5 6例 ,男 44例、女12例。年龄 49～ 81( 60± 11 2 5 )岁。ＡＭＩ部位 :下壁 3 1例 (并发右室梗死 6例 ,并发正后壁 5例 )、前壁 2 5例 (广泛前壁 18例、前间壁心梗 7例 )。ＲＢＢＢ、右室梗死及正后壁心梗均符合心电图标准[1…     

前壁与下壁急性心肌梗死的心律失常分析

目的比较前壁及下壁急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心律失常的类型。方法对254例AMI分为前壁组(A组)和下壁组(B组),对两组出现的心律失常类型进行对比。结果A组窦速、室上性心律失常、室内传导阻滞明显高于B组(P<0.05),B组窦缓及房室传导阻滞(AVB)显著高于A组(P<0.01)。结论前壁及下壁心梗并发心律失常的类型有差别:前者以窦速、室上性心律失常、室内阻滞多见;后者以窦缓及AVB多见。     

急性下壁梗死伴或不伴右心室心肌梗死患者临床特征的比较

目的：比较急性下壁心肌梗死（IWMI）伴或不伴右心室心肌梗死（RVMI）患者的临床特征差异。方法纳入2006年10月~2012年12月总参保健处发病12 h内入院的急性下壁心肌梗死（IWMI）患者256例,根据冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果将患者分为IWMI不合并RVMI组（n=167）和IWMI合并RVMI组（n=89）,比较两组患者冠心病发病主要危险因素（包括吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、冠心病家族史）、临床表现、并发症和治疗用药的差异。结果两组患者冠心病主要危险因素无差异（P＞0.05）。IWMI合并RVMI患者出现低血压（80.0% vs.19.8%,P＜0.05）、颈静脉怒张（50.6%vs.1.8%）和Kussmaul征（51.7%vs.1.2%）的比例明显增加（P均＜0.01）,需要更多地应用正性肌力药物（60.7%vs.16.2%）来维持血压,且病死率较高（77.9%vs.0.6%,P＜0.05）。结论在IWMI基础上伴RVMI多合并右心功能障碍,可导致预后不良。     

六例老年人右室心肌梗死临床与病理分析

目的探讨老年人右室心肌梗死（ＲＶＭＩ）临床表现和病理解剖的特点。方法分析５１例因急性心肌梗死而死亡经尸检的老年患者中６例合并ＲＶＭＩ的临床病理资料。结果ＲＶＭＩ发生率为１１．８％，右胸前导联心电图对早期诊断ＲＶＭＩ有价值。６例中４例伴发于大面积、多部位的左室梗死，且均见左室下壁梗死；冠状动脉病变多在左冠脉前降支及右冠脉。３例发生心脏破裂。结论老年人ＲＶＭＩ有不同于左室梗死的特点，临床上应高度重视。     

Right ventricular myocardial infarction: presentation and acute outcomes

Acute inferior wall myocardial infarction can be complicated by right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI), and the excess mortality cannot be fully explained by mechanical reasons. The authors try to systematically assess the incidence, clinical presentation and early outcomes of right ventricular infarction in a tertiary-care setup. Their study was a prospective observational series of consecutive patients with RVMI. All patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction (n=135) were enlisted. RVMI was diagnosed by > or = 1 mm ST elevation in lead V(4R) in a right-sided electrocardiogram. Right ventricular (RV) infarction occurred in 37% (n=50) of patients with acute inferior infarctions. Patients with isolated inferior infarction served as controls (n=85). Echocardiography was performed within 24 hours of admission. From both groups, 66% qualified for thrombolysis. The incidence of hypotension-bradycardia and heart blocks requiring pacing support was much higher in right ventricular infarction (n=21) than in inferior infarction (n=13). Clinically manifest RV dysfunction (raised jugular venous pulse [JVP], hypotension, tricuspid regurgitation) and right ventricular dilation detected by echocardiography were seen in only 13 patients. The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher (n=8, 16%) in right ventricular infarction group than in inferior infarction group (n=3, 3.5%). Right ventricular infarction was seen in a third of inferior myocardial infarctions (IMIs), but hemodynamically evident right ventricular dysfunction occurred in only a tenth of acute IMIs. Nevertheless, the acute in-hospital mortality rate of patients with right ventricular infarction was much higher than in those with inferior infarction owing to arrhythmic and mechanical complications.     

Myocardial performance index in evaluation of acute right ventricular myocardial infarction

The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of Doppler time interval-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) in the setting of acute right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI). Inferior myocardial infarction is accompanied by RVMI in over a third of cases. We do not have easily applicable noninvasive tools for reliably quantifying the right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in RVMI and to serially follow alterations. Clinical and echocardiography data of all acute inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) admissions (n = 135) to our referral teaching institute were prospectively collected for the study. After exclusions, study group comprised of 36 patients with RVMI diagnosed by >/=1 mm ST segment elevation in V3R-V5R of right-sided ECG and 63 patients without RVMI constituted the control group. All patients underwent echocardiography within 24 hours of admission. Normal range of MPI for our laboratory was estimated from 50 age-matched healthy subjects. RV MPI was elevated to a mean of 0.53 +/- 0.22 in RVMI (Normal MPI 0.20 +/- 0.05, P-value < 0.001). IMI without RVMI did not elevate MPI significantly (0.21 +/- 0.17, P-value NS). Repeat MPI estimation in 11 RVMI (7 thrombolyzed) patients after 5 days showed dramatic reduction (0.23 +/- 0.12, P-value < 0.001). This reduction was noted irrespective of thrombolysis. RV MPI >/= 0.30 has high sensitivity (82%) and specificity (95%) for the diagnosis of RVMI in the presence of acute IMI. MPI can reliably diagnose RV infarction. It can be used to quantify right ventricular dysfunction and assess acute improvements in RV function.     

心率对急性心肌梗死患者住院期间病死率的影响

目的 观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者入院时心率水平与住院期间死亡率的关系.方法 入选2003-2004年北京安贞医院住院的ST段抬高AMI患者904例,根据入院时心率水平分为<80 次/min组、80～90 次/min组及>90次/min组,分别记录左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)及死亡例数.结果 三组患者年龄、性别、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病史、冠状动脉造影例数、冠状动脉病变支数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).心率>90次/min组及80～90次/min组患者前、侧壁心肌梗死发生率高于心率<800次/min组(P<0.05).心率>90次/min组患者LVEDD为(51.9±7.5)mm,80～90 次/min组为(51.6±5.8)mm,高于<80次/min组[(50.3±5.3)mm];>90次/min组的LVESD[(39.5±8.7)mm]也明显高于80～90次/min组[(37.1±7.1)mm]及<80次/min组[(34.8±6.2)mm];而>90次/min组LVEF(46.0%±10.6%)明显低于80～90 次/min组(49.5%±11.3%)及<80次/min组(54.6%±10.8%).904例患者住院期间死亡65例(7.2%),>90次/min组患者的病死率[18.2%(27/148)]明显高于80～90次/min组[8.5%(16/189),P<0.01]和<80次/min组[3.9%(22/567),P<0.01],后两组之间差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).随心率增快,住院期间病死率明显增加.对住院期间病死率的多因素分析结果显示入院时心率增快是住院期间病死率的独立危险因素(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.008～1.043,P=0.005).结论 过快的心率是AMI心室重塑与死亡的强预测因子,对AMI患者应密切关注和控制心率,改善心功能,降低病死率.     

Long-term survival after right ventricular infarction

Right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is associated with substantial in-hospital and first-year mortality, but few published studies have documented late survival to 5 to 10 years after infarction. We retrospectively identified 69 consecutive patients from Olmsted County, Minnesota, with new RVMI diagnosed between January 1, 1988 and January 1, 1998, in whom coronary angiography was performed soon after admission. Long-term follow-up status was determined for all patients. RVMI secondary to isolated right coronary artery (RCA) disease had a 10-year actuarial survival of 62%, versus 52% for those with combined RCA and left coronary artery (LCA) disease (p = 0.21). Mortality within the first year after infarction was substantial for all patients with RVMI; however, there was a nonsignificant trend for patients with RCA disease (18%) versus those with RCA and LCA disease (27%; p = 0.21). Annual actuarial risks of death beyond the first year to 10 years after infarction were 2% per year for RCA disease and 3% for combined RCA and LCA disease. Patients with combined LCA and RCA disease were older (p = 0.01) but otherwise similar in baseline characteristics to patients with RCA disease. Occurrence of congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and mechanical complications was similar in the 2 groups. In conclusion, RVMI is associated with substantial first-year mortality, which decreases to a much lower attrition rate between years 1 and 10, with no greater long-term mortality in those patients with concomitant LCA disease.     

不同性别急性心肌梗死患者预后影响因素分析

目的 观察不同性别急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床特征及预后,分析影响预后的因素.方法 入选2003-2004年我院住院的sT段抬高AMI患者904例,并随访728例,根据性别分为两组,共随访4.5年.结果 与男性相比,女性入院时合并糖尿病及高血压病者多,左室射血分数(LVEF)低,成功再灌注率低(P<0.05),住院期间病死率明显高于男性.随访期间女性坚持应用β受体阻滞剂明显少于男性,病死率及因再次AMI、心力衰竭再住院率显著高于男性(P<0.05).多因素分析显示性别是住院期间病死率的独立影响因素(OR=2.130,95%CI 0.954～4.754,P=0.045),但不是远期预后的独立影响因素.结论 多种因素导致女性AMI患者的预后差,重视女性的临床特征,积极干预危险因素才能够改善预后.     

急性心肌梗死患者入院时Killip分级与预后的关系

分析 413例急性心肌梗死患者入院时 Killip分级与临床预后的关系。结果 :Killip 级组和 Killip 级以上组性别及既往史无差异。但 Killip 级以上组较 级组年龄大 （6 7± 12 vs 6 0± 10 ）、血清肌酸磷酸激酶 （CK）峰值高（34 6 9± 175 7vs 196 6± 1795 ,P<0 .0 1）、左室舒张未期容积大 （185± 16 vs 12 5± 47,P<0 .0 1） ,住院病死率高（4 7.9% vs 11.2 % ,P<0 .0 1）。多元 L ogistic回归分析发现 Killip分级与住院病死率 （回归系数为 2 .34 ,OR值 5 .43,P<0 .0 1）和左室舒张末期容积 （回归系数为 0 .6 75 ,OR值 4.5 1,P<0 .0 5 ）相关 ,但与年龄、CK峰值相关不明显。结论 :急性心肌梗死入院时 Killip分级为住院病死率及左室扩张的独立相关因子。     

Prophylactic intraaortic balloon pumping preserves left ventricular systolic function in acute anterior myocardial infarction without cardiogenic shock

OBJECTIVES: Left ventricular function and prognosis were evaluated in patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention supported by intraaortic balloon pumping. METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive patients with first acute myocardial infarction were treated between July 1999 and April 2006. Twenty-five had cardiogenic shock on admission, whereas 33 did not. Patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction without cardiogenic shock were divided into the prophylactic intraaortic balloon pumping group (Group 1; n=17) and the rescue intraaortic balloon pumping group (Group 2; n=9). RESULTS: Thirty-day in-hospital mortality was 52% in cardiogenic shock patients, and 3% in non-shock patients. Baseline characteristics of non-shock anterior acute myocardial infarction were similar including Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk scores (5.1 and 5.0) in the two groups. However, average left ventricular ejection fraction in the convalescent stage was superior in Group 1 (48.7% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.03). Thirty-day in-hospital mortality was 0% in Group 1 and 11% in Group 2 (p = 0.34). Cox's hazard ratio in Group 2 to Group 1 was 2.38 (95% confidence intrerval; 0.84-11.1, p = 0.09) in terms of the subsequent major cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic use of intraaortic balloon pumping starting prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention preserves the convalescent left ventricular systolic function in patients with high risk for anticipated cardiac events after anterior acute myocardial infarction without cardiogenic shock.