老年人舒张性心力衰竭与血浆B型尿钠肽水平

目的　观察老年舒张性心功能衰竭 (DHF)患者血浆B型尿钠肽 (BNP)水平关系。方法　选患临床充血性心功能衰竭 (CHF)症状而左室射血指数 (LVEF)≥ 5 0 %的 30例老年病人作为老年DHF组 ,选 30例有同样基础疾病但无临床CHF症状的老年病人作为对照组 ,分别测定和比较两组病人血浆BNP值。结果　心衰组血BNP水平非常显著高于对照组 (心衰组 6 81± 5 11pg/ml,对照组 33± 16pg/ml,P <0 0 1)。结论　老年人DHF患者血BNP显著升高。     

B型钠尿肽对心力衰竭的临床应用价值

目的研究B型钠尿肽(BNP)在充血性心力衰竭(CHF)诊断、病情评估方面的临床应用价值。方法随机选择住院CHF患者182例为CHF组,非CHF患者40例为非CHF组,采用美国Biositer Diagnostics公司的Tri-ageBNP测试仪,床边抽血检测血浆BNP水平,并行心脏彩超检查测出患者左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果CHF组血浆BNP水平高于非CHF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);BNP水平的升高程度与CHF的严重程度成正相关,与LVEF成负相关;以BNP>100ng/ml诊断CHF,敏感性为95.1%,特异性为97.5%;CHF患者中,随BNP水平的升高,死亡率升高。结论BNP对CHF患者的早期诊断及病情评估具有重要意义。     

稳心颗粒对心力衰竭患者心功能和脑钠肽水平的影响

目的观察稳心颗粒对充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者心功能和血浆脑钠肽（BNP）水平的影响。方法CHF心功能Ⅱ-Ⅳ级（NYHA）患者128例,随机分为治疗组68例和对照组60例,对照组给予常规治疗：包括：洋地黄、利尿剂、血管扩张剂等。治疗组在常规给药的基础上加服稳心颗粒9g／次,3次／d,3个月为1个疗程。检测血浆BNP浓度和心脏超声测定左心室射血分数（LVEF）及左室收缩末期容量（LVESV）。结果治疗组患者治疗前后血浆BNP、左室射血分数、左室收缩末期容量间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;对照组治疗前后血浆BNP间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,左室射血分数、左室收缩末期容量间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组患者治疗后血浆BNP、左室射血分数、左室收缩末期容量间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论稳心颗粒治疗CHF疗效肯定,可作为CHF的长期治疗药物之一。     

左心房容积及血浆脑钠肽评价左室射血分数正常心力衰竭的价值

目的评价左心房容积及血浆脑钠肽在左室射血分数正常心力衰竭诊断中的价值。方法前瞻性研究心力衰竭患者54例,其中左室射血分数正常心力衰竭(LVEF>50%)患者29例和收缩性心力衰竭。结果 (1)收缩性心力衰竭及左室射血分数正常心力衰竭两组患者的血浆BNP浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),收缩性心力衰竭组血浆BNP浓度明显高于左室射血分数正常心力衰竭组(P<0.01)。(2)以血浆BNP125pg/ml为临界值,诊断左室射血分数正常心力衰竭的敏感性为:72.4%,特异性为:94.1%,阳性预测值为:91.3%,阴性预测值为:69.2%。(3)左室射血分数正常心力衰竭患者中,以血浆BNP为反映左室充盈压的间接指标,在超声心动图各指标中,相关性分析表明左心房容积指数与血浆LgBNP存在显著的正相关(r=0.773,P<0.0001)。(4)左心室射血分数正常心力衰竭组患者血浆BNP水平随NYHA心功能分级的级数增高而升高,且在各级NYHA心功能分级之间均有显著差异(P<0.01)。血浆BNP水平随左室舒张功能的恶化而升高,且在舒张功能各阶段之间均有显著差异。(5)左心室射血分数正常心力衰竭患者左心房容积指数随NYHA心功能分级的级数增高而升高,且在各级NYHA心功能分级之间均有显著差异(P<0.01)。左心房容积指数随左室舒张功能的恶化而升高,且在舒张功能各阶段之间均有显著差异。结论 (1)左心室射血分数正常心力衰竭患者血浆BNP水平与左心房容积指数明显升高,其升高的幅度与纽约心功能分级及舒张功能不全严重程度一致。(2)在排除收缩功能不全后,血浆BNP水平升高可作为左室射血分数正常心力衰竭诊断的指标之一。(3)在收缩功能正常的情况下,二尖瓣血流频谱及肺静脉血流频谱不能准确评估左心室舒张功能,而左房容积增大可用来评估舒张功能不全及其严重程度。     

脑钠素与不同心功能分级的充血性心力衰竭的关系

目的探讨血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平与不同心功能分级(NYHA)的充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的关系。方法将130例入选者分为2组,正常对照组58例,CHF组72例。放射免疫法测定血浆BNP水平,超声心动图测定左心室射血分数(LVEF)。结果CHF组的血浆BNP水平比对照组有显著增高,P<0.001。在CHF组内,随NYHA分级的增加,血浆BNP水平明显增加,P<0.001。结论CHF时血浆BNP水平升高,重度CHF时血浆BNP升高更明显,BNP血浆水平对于CHF的诊断及对其严重程度的评估有重要临床意义。     

血浆BNP水平与老年慢性充血性心衰患者心功能状态及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆B型利钠肽（BNP）水平与老年慢性充血性心衰（CHF）患者心功能状态及预后的关系。方法选择62例心功能NYHA分级Ⅱ～Ⅳ级的老年CHF患者,均行血浆BNP、肾功、血脂指标及心脏功能检查。比较不同BNP水平患者的上述指标变化。结果根据血浆BNP水平分为两组,A组BNP≤400 pg/ml,B组BNP〉400 pg/ml。与A组比较,B组房颤、陈旧性心肌梗死及死亡患者比例增加,尿素氮、肌酐、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白升高,左室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数降低（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。心功能NYHA分级Ⅳ级患者的血浆BNP水平〉Ⅲ级〉Ⅱ级,两两比较均有统计学差异（P均〈0.01）。结论血浆BNP水平是判定老年CHF患者心功能的良好指标。     

扩张型心肌病血浆内皮素水平变化的研究

目的　探讨扩张型心肌病 (DCM)血浆内皮素(Endothelin ,ET)水平变化的意义 ,其与心衰严重程度、心脏大小、左心室泵功能、伴或不伴肺动脉高压的关系 ,及治疗前后ET水平的变化。方法　采用放射免疫法测定 30例DCM患者 (心功能Ⅰ～Ⅳ级 )及 30例正常人血浆ET水平 ,并测定DCM患者的左心室射血分数 (LVEF)、肺动脉压力、心胸比率及治疗前后的ET水平 ,分析血浆ET水平与心衰严重程度、心脏大小、左心室泵功能、肺动脉高压的关系 ,比较其治疗前后的变化。结果　①DCM患者血浆ET水平 (135 93pg/mL±70 6 5pg/mL)明显高于正常对照组 (43 6 5pg/mL±12 0 7pg/mL) ,P <0 0 5 ;②血浆ET水平随心衰严重程度而升高 :心功能Ⅰ级 (3例 )为 75 2 7pg/mL± 2 87pg/mL ,Ⅱ级(10例 )为 88 82pg/mL± 8 87pg/mL ,Ⅲ级 (12例 )为 136 5 8pg/mL± 2 4 95pg/mL ,Ⅳ级 (5例 )为 2 6 9 5 0pg/mL± 6 0 5 0pg/mL ,各级心功能与正常对照组比较 ,均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,各级心功能之间 ,除Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级比较无显著性差异外(P >0 0 5 ) ,其余各级间两两比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ;③DCM患者心脏大小与血浆ET水平存在一定的相关关系 (r=0 4 5 80 ,P =0 0 10 9) :心脏正常至轻度增大 (心胸比率 0 4 8～     

心力衰竭患者血清脑利钠肽浓度变化及其意义

目的:探讨充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清脑利钠肽(BNP)浓度变化及其临床意义。方法:选择76例CHF患者(CHF组),32例有呼吸困难的非CHF患者(非CHF组)及30例健康成人(对照组),超声心动图测定左室射血分数(LVEF),酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清脑利钠肽(BNP)水平。比较各组血清BNP水平,并动态观察NYHA级、级患者治疗二周后BNP水平变化。结果:(1)心衰组BNP水平(853.6±258.3ng/L)明显高于有呼吸困难的非CHF组(110.1±22.4ng/L)及正常对照组(105.1±21.2ng/L),P<0.01,以113.0ng/L为正常上限值,BNP诊断CHF的灵敏度为100%,特异度为85.5%;(2)NYHA级、级和级的BNP水平分别为615.4±171.0ng/L、837.2±166.1ng/L和1025.7±252.8ng/L,组间比较P<0.01,BNP与左室射血分数呈负相关(r=-0.920,P<0.01);无效者治疗后BNP水平显著高于治疗前。结论:血清脑利钠肽(BNP)浓度有助于心衰的诊断,鉴别诊断和疗效评价。     

不同类型心力衰竭患者心电图QRS 波时限与血浆 脑钠肽水平的关系

目的 探讨不同类型心力衰竭患者心电图QRS 波时限与血浆脑钠肽水平的关系。 方法 连续纳入2016年2月至2017年6月期间在天津市第三中心医院分院心内科住院的慢性心力衰竭患者（CHF）134例,根据射血分数分为REF组（LVEF<45%,n＝60）和PEF组（LVEF≥45%,n＝74）。对照组入选同期住院无心衰的冠心病患者60例。各组患者分别测量心电图QRS 波时限、BNP水平,以及左室射血分数（LVEF）等相关指标。比较CHF组与对照组、REF组与PEF组间心电图QRS波时限、BNP水平的差异,以及REF组QRS波时限和BNP及LVEF的相关性。结果[结果部分应列举主要数据,并修改英文摘要] CHF组QRS波时限显著长于对照组（118.76±19.90 vs 82.65±6.16 ms,P＜0.05）,BNP水平亦高于对照组(587.73±642.30 vs 52.99±12.43 pg/ml,P＜0.05),LVEF低于对照组(0.48±0.11 vs 0.59±0.05,P＜0.05）。REF组 QRS波时限显著长于PEF组(136.43±10.86 vs 102.62±10.07ms,P＜0.05),BNP水平高于PEF组（1071.44±625.68 vs 145.49±149.45pg/ml,P＜0.05）。相关性分析显示,REF组QRS 波时限与BNP呈正相关（r=0.669,P=0.000）,与LVEF呈负相关关系（r=-0.176,P=0.000）。结论 老年心力衰竭患者 QRS波时限较长,血浆BNP水平较高,并且不同类型心力衰竭患者也存在差异。QRS波时限和血浆BNP水平可用于辅助判断心力衰竭类型及心功能状况。     

脑钠素在急诊呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的应用

目的研究血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平对急诊患者呼吸困难鉴别诊断意义。方法对我院急诊科呼吸困难患者,检测血浆BNP含量,并进行超声心动图检查,比较心源性和肺源性呼吸困难患者血浆BNP水平的差异。结果心源性呼吸困难组和肺源性呼吸困难组血浆BNP分别为613.1±116.4 pg/mL和45.8±31.6 pg/mL(P0.01);心源性呼吸困难组血浆BNP与左室射血分数呈负相关(r=-0.54,P0.05)。结论血浆BNP对心源性呼吸困难和肺源性呼吸困难的鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.