Risk of Lymph Node Metastases from Early Gastric Cancer in Relation to Depth of Invasion: Experience in a Single Institution

Background: An accurate assessment of potential lymph node metastasis is important for the appropriate treatment of early gastric cancers. Therefore, this study analyzed predictive factors associated with lymph node metastasis and identified differences between mucosal and submucosal gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: A total of 518 early gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy were reviewed in this study. Clinicopathological features were analyzed to identify predictive factors for lymph node metastasis. Results: The rate of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer was 15.3% overall, 3.3% for mucosal cancer, and 23.5% for submucosal cancer. Using univariate analysis, risk factors for lymph node metastasis were identified as tumor location, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, histological type and lymphovascular invasion. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size >2 cm, submucosal invasion, undifferentiated tumors and lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. When the carcinomas were confined to the mucosal layer, tumor size showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis. On the other hand, histological type and lymphovascular invasion were associated with lymph node metastasis in submucosal carcinomas. Conclusions: Tumor size >2 cm, submucosal tumor, undifferentiated tumor and lymphovascular invasion are predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. Risk factors are quite different depending on depth of tumor invasion. Endoscopic treatment might be possible in highly selective cases.     

未分化型早期胃癌的淋巴结转移规律分析

目的探讨未分化型早期胃癌(EGC)的淋巴结转移规律。方法对1994年1月至2008年12月手术治疗的335例早期胃癌的临床病理学资料进行回顾性分析。结果未分化型早期胃癌的淋巴结转移率为17.9%,其中黏膜内癌(M癌)和黏膜下层癌(SM癌)的淋巴结转移率分别为10.5%、25.6%,直径≤2.0cm和>2.0cm的淋巴结转移率分别为8.0%和25.8%,脉管瘤栓阳性和脉管瘤栓阴性的淋巴结转移率为50.0%和16.3%。单因素分析显示,肿瘤大小、浸润深度、脉管瘤栓与未分化型早期胃癌淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,肿瘤最大径>2cm、黏膜下层浸润和脉管瘤栓是未分化型早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论肿瘤直径≤2cm、黏膜内癌、无脉管瘤栓的未分化型早期胃癌发生淋巴结转移风险小。     

胃上部与胃中下部早期癌的临床病理特征#br# 比较研究#br#

目的对比分析胃上部早期癌（UGC）与胃中下部早期癌（M LGC）的临床及病理特征。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年5月于南京医科大学第一附属医院消化内科接受内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）且术后病理证实为早期胃癌（EGC）的379例患者的临床病理资料,根据患者病灶部位分为UGC组（180例）与M LGC组（199例）,比较两组患者的基本资料、病灶内镜下特征及随访情况等。采用Logistic回归分析EGC黏膜下浸润及淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果UGC组年龄≥60岁、男性比例高于M LGC组,慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生比例低于M LGC组,差异有统计学意义（P<005）。两组巴黎分型、组织学类型、黏膜下浸润、淋巴结转移差异有统计学意义（P<005）,肿瘤直径和治愈性切除差异无统计学意义（P>005）。UGC组、M LGC组发生黏膜下浸润者分别有66例、34例。Logistic回归分析显示,胃上部位置、淋巴结转移、未分化型是EGC黏膜下浸润的独立危险因素。肿瘤黏膜下浸润、未分化型是EGC淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。两组短期疗效（整块切除、完全切除、愈性切除、出血、穿孔）和长期疗效（复发、死亡）差异均无统计学意义（P>005）。结论在评估UGC达到ESD适应证的前提下,可优先选择内镜下切除。     

黏膜内早期胃癌青年患者临床病理特征及内镜下治疗适应证的探讨

  目的  探讨青年患者黏膜内早期胃癌临床病理特征、淋巴结转移风险及内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissec? tion，ESD）适应证。  方法  回顾性选取2009年3月至2016年12月在安徽省立医院行胃癌根治术、临床病理资料完整的325例早期胃癌患者，所有患者均经术后病理证实为黏膜内癌。根据年龄（≤40岁和>40岁）分为青年组和中老年组，总结青年组临床病理特征和ESD治疗安全性。  结果  在所有黏膜内早期胃癌患者中，青年组患者30例（9.2%）。与中老年组相比，青年组黏膜内癌多发生于女性，病理类型以未分化型和混合型为主，更容易发生淋巴结转移。符合ESD适应证的分化型黏膜内癌的患者中，青年组淋巴结转移率为0；符合ESD相对适应证的未分化型黏膜内癌的患者中，青年组淋巴结转移率高达25.0%。  结论  青年患者黏膜内早期胃癌病理分化程度差，侵袭性更强，分化型黏膜内癌可考虑ESD治疗。      

Nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis rate of submucosal gastric cancer by analyzing clinicopathological characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis

Background

To combine clinicopathological characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer into a nomogram.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 262 patients with submucosal gastric cancer who underwent D2 gastrectomy between 1996 and 2012. The relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed. With multivariate logistic regression analysis, we made a nomogram to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also performed to assess the predictive value of the model. Discrimination and calibration were performed using internal validation.

Results

A total number of 48 (18.3%) patients with submucosal gastric cancer have pathologically lymph node metastasis. For submucosal gastric carcinoma, lymph node metastasis was associated with age, tumor location, macroscopic type, size, differentiation, histology, the existence of ulcer and lymphovascular invasion in univariate analysis (all P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that age ≤50 years old, macroscopic type III or mixed, undifferentiated type, and presence of lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer (all P<0.05). We constructed a predicting nomogram with all these factors for lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer with good discrimination [area under the curve (AUC) =0.844]. Internal validation demonstrated a good discrimination power that the actual probability corresponds closely with the predicted probability.

Conclusions

We developed a nomogram to predict the rate of lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer. With good discrimination and internal validation, the nomogram improved individualized predictions for assisting clinicians to make appropriated treatment decision for submucosal gastric cancer patients.     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移因素分析

目的探讨影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的因素。方法对74例术后早期胃癌患者的资料,对各临床病理指标与淋巴结转移的关系进行分析,以确定淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果早期胃癌患者的淋巴结转移率为14.9%（11/74）。单因素分析显示黏膜下癌的淋巴结转移率（27.6%）明显高于黏膜内癌（6.7%）（P=0.020）;未分化型癌的淋巴结转移率（27.6%）明显高于分化型（6.8%）（P=0.042）;肿瘤最大径≤2 cm、〉2-4 cm、〉4 cm 3组间淋巴结转移率有统计学意义（χ2=6.549,P=0.038）。采用Log istic回归进行的多因素分析显示,肿瘤最大径（OR=2.688,P=0.047）和浸润深度（OR=4.508,P=0.044）是影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论早期胃癌淋巴结转移与肿瘤最大径和浸润深度密切相关,这可为手术方案的选择提供参考。     

Risk of lymph node metastasis and prognostic outcome in early gastric cancer patients with mixed histologic type

BackgroundWhether early gastric cancer with mixed histologic type should be considered for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and prognostic significance for early gastric cancer with mixed histologic type.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinicopathologic and survival data of 302 patients who underwent surgical resection for early gastric cancer. Based on the histologic components, all patients were classified as pure differentiated type, pure undifferentiated type and mixed histologic type. The prognostic differences between different types were compared and predictive factors for LNM were evaluated.ResultsHistopathologically, the proportion of mixed histologic type was 12.3% in early gastric cancer. In terms of LNM, mixed histologic type had a more frequent incidence than pure differentiated type (32.4% vs 11.1%, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between mixed type and pure undifferentiated type for LNM (32.4% vs 21.1%, P = 0.139). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size >2 cm (odds ratio [OR]: 2.153, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.113-4.164, P < 0.05), submucosal invasion (OR: 3.881, 95%CI: 1.832-8.222, P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (OR: 8.797, 95% CI: 2.643-29.277, P < 0.001), undifferentiated type (OR: 3.146, 95% CI: 1.352-7.320, P < 0.01), and mixed histologic type (OR: 3.635, 95% CI: 1.272-10.390, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for LNM in early gastric cancer patients. However, mixed histologic type did not affect the survival outcome of these patients (hazard ratio: 0.629, 95% CI: 0.074-5.311, P > 0.05).ConclusionMixed histologic type was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer patients. The decisions regarding endoscopic submucosal dissection for mixed histologic type should be carefully considered.     

Application of minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although various types of minimally invasive treatment have emerged as the best front-line therapies for early gastric cancer (EGC), there have been no established indications that these attempts are applicable. The purpose of this study was to propose indications for the application of minimally invasive therapy for EGC. METHODS: A total of 566 patients with EGC who had undergone gastrectomy with D2 or more extended lymphadenectomy, from July 1993 to December 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors that determine lymph node metastasis were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The rate of lymph node metastasis was 11.8% for all EGC, 3.4% for mucosal cancer, and 21.0% for submucosal cancer. Lymph node metastasis was associated with submucosal invasion, larger tumor size, undifferentiated histology, and the presence of lymphatic or blood vessel invasion (LBVI) by univariate and multivariate analyses. When LBVI was absent, there was no lymph node metastasis if the tumor was smaller than 2.5 cm with differentiated histology, and smaller than 1.5 cm with undifferentiated histology, regardless of depth of invasion. Extra-perigastric lymph node metastases were noted in patients with submucosal tumors that have LBVI while none of mucosal cancer showed extra-perigastric lymph node metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive treatment can be possibly applied for patients with EGC using these four independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in EGC. For mucosal cancers, EMR is indicated for EGCs without lymph node involvement based on tumor size and histology. When we found LBVI by pathologic examination after EMR, gastrectomy with D1 lymph node dissection is mandatory. For submucosal cancers, patients with small tumors could be treated with laparoscopic wedge resection without lymph node dissection. However, patients with larger sized tumors or tumors with LBVI should be treated with extended (D2) lymph node dissection.     

Clinicopathological variables associated with lymph node metastasis in submucosal invasive gastric cancer

Background We aimed to elucidate clinicopathological variables associated with lymph node metastasis of submucosal invasive gastric cancer. Methods Specimens were surgically resected from 201 patients who had primary submucosal gastric cancer. We studied 39 consecutive patients with lymph node metastasis and 162 patients without lymph node metastasis. We compared the following clinicopathological characteristics of the patients in relation to lymph node metastasis: age, sex, tumor size, histology, extent of submucosal invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion, and ulceration of the tumor. Submucosal invasion was divided subjectively into sm1, sm2, and sm3 (representing invasion of the upper-, middle-, and lower-third of the submucosa, respectively). We also studied the relationship between lymph node metastasis of submucosal gastric cancer and immunohistochemistry for p53, Ki67, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), α-fetoprotein, sLe^a, and dendritic cells (DCs). Results In terms of conventional pathological factors, lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer was related to tumor size (P = 0.002), depth of submucosal invasion (P = 0.001), lymphatic invasion (P < 0.0001), and venous invasion (P = 0.012). Lymph node metastasis in sm1 gastric cancer was significantly related to VEGF expression (P = 0.047). Also, lymph node metastasis in sm3 gastric cancer was significantly correlated with DC expression (P = 0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, tumor invasion depth in the submucosal layer, and lymphatic invasion were independent predictors of nodal metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer. Conclusion Conventional pathological factors, such as tumor size, depth of submucosal invasion, and lymphatic invasion, have a significant influence on lymph node metastasis. VEGF expression and DC expression may be helpful predictors of lymph node metastasis in patients with sm1 and sm3 gastric cancer, respectively.     

早期胃癌的淋巴结转移规律及预后分析

目的 分析早期胃癌的临床病理特征与预后之间的关系及早期胃癌的淋巴结转移规律.方法 对1994年1月～2005年10月手术治疗并有完整资料的255例早期胃癌的临床病理学资料进行回顾性分析.结果 255例患者的总5年生存率为91.4%.单因素分析显示,肿瘤浸润深度、脉管瘤栓和区域淋巴结转移与患者术后生存率有关;而性别、年龄...     

早期胃癌ESD治疗后腹腔镜补救手术3例并文献复习

目的 探讨早期胃癌患者行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)后未达治愈标准的补救方式的选择及行腹腔镜补救手术的安全性和可行性.方法 收集3例早期胃癌ESD治疗后未达治愈标准再行腹腔镜补救手术患者的病例资料,分析其临床病理特征及补救手术指征,并对手术效果进行评价.结果 3例行腹腔镜补救根治性手术的早期胃癌患者ESD治疗均整块切除,术后病理示3例患者的病变黏膜下浸润均超过500μm,其中垂直切缘阳性患者1例,有静脉浸润患者1例,病变直径大于3 cm的患者2例;3例患者行腹腔镜补救手术均无中转开腹,术后均未发现有癌残留及淋巴结转移;手术时间111~151 min,术中出血量50~100 ml,无术中输血.术后排气时间为3~5 d,拔除胃管时间为4~6 d,拔除引流管时间为6~7 d,术后住院天数为8~13 d;3例患者均无手术相关并发症.结论 腹腔镜补救根治性手术是非治愈性ESD后一种安全有效的补救方式.     

Rate of detection of lymph node metastasis is correlated with the depth of submucosal invasion in early stage gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinoma invading the submucosa is often accompanied by lymph node metastasis. However, the relation between the depth of submucosal invasion and the status of metastasis has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to clarify the relation between lymph node status and the histologic features of gastric carcinoma invading the submucosa. METHODS: The histopathology of 118 patients who underwent gastrectomy and lymph node dissection for gastric carcinoma invading the submucosa was examined. These pT1 tumors with invasion of the submucosa were confirmed by histologic examination of the resected specimens. Tumor size, depth of submucosal invasion, histologic type, and macroscopic type were investigated in association with presence or absence of and anatomic level of lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: Among the 118 patients, 16 (14%) had lymph node metastasis, and the status of metastasis significantly correlated with tumor size and depth of submucosal invasion. The frequency of metastasis to perigastric lymph nodes and extragastric lymph nodes was 0% and 0% for < or =1-cm tumors, 5% and 1% for 1- to 4-cm tumors, and 46% and 15% for >4-cm tumors, respectively. There was no lymph from a node metastasis in tumors with less than 300 microm of submucosal invasion. The frequency of lymph node metastasis for tumors with 300-1000 microm and >1000 microm of submucosal invasion were 19% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size and depth of submucosal invasion serve as simple and useful indicators of lymph node metastasis in early stage gastric carcinoma. Optimal lymph node dissection levels are as follows: 1) local resection (D0) for lesions < or =1 cm, 2) limited lymph node dissection (D1) for 1- to 4-cm lesions, and 3) radical lymph node dissection (D2) for lesions >4 cm. When submucosal invasion of a locally resected tumor is more than 300 microm, additional gastrectomy and lymph node dissection are necessary.     

Surgical outcome in superficially spreading early gastric cancer

OBJECTIVES: Superficially spreading early gastric cancer is characterized by wide horizontal extension without deep vertical invasion. This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of this rare disease. METHODS: We defined superficially spreading early gastric cancer as any tumor invading the submucosal layer that measured > or =60 mm in diameter. The clinicopathological characteristics and results of surgery were compared between 60 patients with superficially spreading tumors and 621 patients with the common type (<60 mm in diameter). RESULTS: For superficially spreading cancers,significantly higher numbers of female patients, undifferentiated and scirrhous types, infiltrating growth and lymph node metastases were seen. The number of metastatic lymph nodes was greater than in the common type. There was no significant difference in the distribution of metastatic lymph nodes between the two groups. For superficially spreading tumors, wide gastrectomy with extended lymph node dissection was frequently employed. Lymph node metastasis, but not tumor diameter, was a prognostic factor in uni- and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Although superficially spreading early gastric cancer has histologically distinct properties, gastrectomy with lymph node dissection with sufficient surgical margin could be a suitable treatment.     

早期低分化型胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素与腹腔镜局部切除术的探讨

  目的  探讨早期低分化型胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素, 从而对早期低分化型胃癌患者, 行腹腔镜下局部切除术提供理论依据。  方法  回顾性分析80例早期低分化型胃癌的临床病理资料, 按照临床病理特征与淋巴结转移的关系进行统计学分析。  结果  通过多因素分析, 肿瘤大小≥2cn, 黏膜下癌和淋巴管癌栓阳性对淋巴结转移有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。无危险因素的患者, 淋巴结转移率为0;三个危险因素都具有者, 淋巴结转移率高达42.9%。  结论  肿瘤大小≥2 cm, 黏膜下癌和淋巴管癌栓阳性是早期低分化型胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素对于早期低分化型胃癌患者, 行腹腔镜下局部切除术, 这三项危险因素是判断是否进行附加手术的简单标准。      

Two rare cases of node-positive differentiated gastric cancer despite their infiltration to sm1, their small size, and lack of lymphatic invasion into the submucosal layer

Early gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis has been reported after the analysis of many cases, and a consensus has been reached about this condition. We report two cases of node-positive differentiated sm1 gastric cancer without lymphatic invasion into the submucosal layer. Case 1 was a 73-year-old man who underwent EMR for 0-IIc early gastric cancer (EGC) on the gastric angle, with a histological diagnosis of tub1. Pathological examination revealed a 0-IIc lesion that was 12 mm in size and sm1 in invasion depth without lymphatic-vascular invasion. However, the infiltration in the submucosal layer was relatively wide. The patient subsequently underwent distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. Pathological examination revealed level 2 lymph node metastasis. Case 2 was a 62-year-old woman who underwent ER for a 0-I+IIc-type EGC on the greater curvature of the antrum, with a histological diagnosis of tub1. Pathological examination revealed a 0-I+IIc-type lesion that was 15 mm in size and sm1 in depth. Lymphatic invasions in the muscularis mucosa were found, but none were seen in the submucosal layer. Two years later, follow-up computed tomography (CT) showed a lymph node swelling in the infrapyloric region. Distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection was then performed, and pathological examination revealed level 1 lymph node metastasis. Although the lesions in both patients satisfied the criteria of Gotoda et al. for minimal risk of nodal involvement, lymph node metastasis was observed in these patients. Curative surgery with lymph node dissection is thus required in patients with wide infiltration of the submucosal layer or lymphatic invasion in the muscularis mucosa.     

Indications for EMR/ESD in cases of early gastric cancer: relationship between histological type,depth of wall invasion,and lymph node metastasis

Background Limited surgery by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric cancer is frequently performed in many institutions. These techniques do preserve gastric function and maintain a high quality of life but may compromise survival. The treatment strategy for early tumors should therefore be based on a complete cure, and limited surgery must thus have clear indications. Methods D2 gastric resection was performed in 278 early gastric adenocarcinomas, and a retrospective histological review of the specimens was made. The extended indications for EMR or ESD, according to the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association Treatment guidelines for gastric cancer in Japan, were also assessed. Results Of the 278 early gastric cancers, 115 were mucosal (M) cancers without ulcer. No lymph node metastases were seen in these specimens. Six of the 41 specimens of M cancer with ulcers had lymph node metastases at the N1 level only. One of these had lymph node metastases from a tumor measuring less than 3 cm in size. Twenty-eight of 122 submucosal cancers had lymph node metastases (23%). Twenty of these were SM1 tumors and 5 had lymph node metastases; 4 of these 5 had lymph node metastases despite the absence of vascular invasion. Conclusion Three cases had lymph node metastases that met the extended criteria for EMR/ESD. EMR and/or ESD should be limited to M cancers without ulcer or differentiated-type M cancer with ulcers smaller than 2 cm. When the depth of tumor invasion is deeper than M, then a gastric resection with lymph node dissection is necessary.     

Prognostic role of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

Objective： To clarify the relationship between clinicopathological features and lymph node metastasis and to propose the potential indications of lymph node metastasis for prognosis in early gaswic cancer （EGC） patients. Methods： We retrospectively observed 226 EGC patients with lymph node resection, and analyzed the associations between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological parameters using the chi-square test in univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis in multivariate analysis. Overall survival analysis was determined using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. We conducted multivariate prognosis analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results： Of all the EGC patients, 7.5% （17/226） were histologically shown to have lymph node metastasis. The differentiation, lymphovascular invasion and depth of invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in EGC. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without and the patients also had shorter progress-free survival time. Lymph node metastasis and tumor size were independent prognostic factors for EGC. The status of the lymph nodes was a significant factor in predicting recurrence or metastasis after surgery. Conclusions： The undifferentiated carcinoma and lymphovascular and/or submucosal invasion were associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis in EGC patients, whom need to perform subsequent D2 lymphadenectomy or laparoscopic lymph node dissection and more rigorous follow-up or additional chemotherapy/radiation after D2 gastrectomy for poor prognosis and high recurrence/metastasis rate.     

内镜下治疗未分化型早期胃癌的临床研究

目的:探讨未分化型早期胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,从而对未分化型早期胃癌患者行内镜下治疗提供理论依据。方法:回顾性分析河北医科大学附属邢台市人民医院肿瘤外科1996年1 月至2008年12月90例未分化型早期胃癌的临床病理资料,按照临床病理特征与淋巴结转移的关系进行统计学分析。结果:通过多因素分析,肿瘤大小> 2 cm,淋巴管癌栓和黏膜下癌对淋巴结转移的差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 无危险因素的患者,淋巴结转移率为0;3 个危险因素均有者,淋巴结转移率高达57.1% 。结论:肿瘤大小> 2 cm,存在淋巴管癌栓和黏膜下癌是未分化型早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。对于无危险因素的患者,行内镜下切除是可行的。      

A case of single lymph node metastasis near the common hepatic artery following a curative endoscopic resection for gastric mucosal cancer

Although the absolute indication for endoscopic resection (ER) in gastric cancer is widely accepted, expanded indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is still regarded as investigational because of the risk of concomitant lymph node (LN) metastasis or recurrence following ESD. However, LN metastasis in early gastric cancer confined to absolute indication for ER cannot be negligible. Herein we report a 72-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for LN metastasis around the common hepatic artery following curative ESD to the lesion that had met as an absolute indication for ER 1 year ago. There was only one metastatic LN near the common hepatic artery (LN 8), without malignancy at the ESD site or other harvested LNs.     

直肠神经内分泌肿瘤淋巴结转移的危险因素分析及内镜切除方式比较

背景与目的： 直肠神经内分泌肿瘤（rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm,R-NEN）的发病率呈上升趋势,但其治疗仍存在争议,特别是10 ~ 20 mm之间的肿瘤。本研究通过分析R-NEN的临床病理学特征,探讨其淋巴结转移的危险因素,并比较不同内镜切除效果的差异,探索内镜治疗R-NEN的适应证及方式。方法： 回顾性分析2007年2月—2020年12月河北医科大学第四医院收治的R-NEN患者的相关临床信息,分析淋巴结转移的危险因素,比较不同内镜切除方式的安全性和有效性。结果： 共分析了190例R-NEN患者的临床病理学特征,结果显示,肿瘤大小≥12.5 mm（OR = 69.081,95% CI：11.385 ~ 419.155,P<0.001）和淋巴管血管侵犯（OR = 11.732,95% CI：1.028 ~ 84.567,P = 0.015）是淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。比较内镜下套帽辅助黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection with cap,EMR-c）和内镜下黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）治疗114例R-NEN患者的临床资料,结果显示,EMR-c组的手术时间明显短于ESD组[（10.23±1.99）min vs （24.78±8.09）min,P<0.001]。两组的内镜整块切除率、病理学完全切除率和并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论： 肿瘤大小≥12.5 mm和淋巴管血管侵犯是R-NEN患者淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。对于<12.5 mm且无淋巴结转移的R-NEN来说,EMR-c和ESD均是安全有效的治疗方法。